Ion transport across solid-state ion channels perturbed by directed strain.

We combine quantum-chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations to consider aqueous ion flow across non-axisymmetric nanopores in monolayer graphene and MoS2. When the pore-containing membrane is subject to uniaxial tensile strains applied in various directions, the corresponding permeability exhibits considerable directional dependence. This anisotropy is shown to arise from directed perturbations of the local electrostatics by the corresponding pore deformation, as enabled by the pore edge geometries and atomic compositions. By considering nanopores with ionic permeability that depends on the strain direction, we present model systems that may yield a detailed understanding of the structure-function relationship in solid-state and biological ion channels. Specifically, the observed anisotropic effects potentially enable the use of permeation measurements across strained membranes to obtain directional profiles of ion-pore energetics as contributed by groups of atoms or even individual atoms at the pore edge. The resulting insight may facilitate the development of subnanoscale pores with novel functionalities arising from locally asymmetric pore edge features.

[Lesions of the bronchial system in patients of different age groups with tuberculosis of the respiratory organs]. / Porazheniia bronkhial'noi sistemy u bol'nykh tuberkulezom prganov dykhaniia raznykh vozrastnykh grupp.

The results of bronchological examinations were analysed in 650 patients (between the ages of 1 and 89 years) with tuberculosis of respiratory organs. Three age groups were specified: group I included children and adolescents to 17 years (152 subjects); group II-adults aged 18 to 59 years (408 subjects), and group III--those aged 60 to 89 years (90 subjects). In group I active bronchial tuberculosis was diagnosed in 14.3% of the cases, residual changes after past tuberculosis in 11.1%, nonspecific endobronchitis in 33.3%; the respective figures for group II were 7.1%, 11% and 43.3% and those for group III 20%, 31.1% and 24.4% of the cases. Isolated froms of bronchial tuberculosis account for 0.9% among all clinical froms of tuberculosis of respiratory organs. Nonspecific endobronchitis in cases with tuberculosis of respiratory organs occur in the form of bilateral catarrhal processes. With age catarrhal changes decline from 92.2% to 54.7% and atrophic and hypertrophic bronchial changes increase and amount to 9.2% and 22.3%, respectively. The character of bronchial pathology is determined by the initial forms of tuberculosis.

[The use of bronchological methods as the means for the intensive treatment of patients with severe manifestations of lung and pleural diseases]. / Ispol'zovanie bronkhologicheskikh metodov v kachestve sredstv intensivnogo vozdeistviia u bol'nykh s tiazhelymi proiavleniiami zabolevanii legkikh i plevry.

The results of using methods of intensive therapy, i.e. administration of antibacterial mixtures into the retrotracheal fat as well as temporary bronchial occlusion are presented. 49 patients with severe or torpid diseases of specific and nonspecific etiology whose treatment was difficult because of complications or concomitant diseases were included into the study. The methods of intensive therapy proved efficient in some patients with severe affections of the lungs and pleura. They should be widely used in clinical practice.

[Complex methods of examination in the diagnosis of disseminated processes in the respiratory organs]. / Kompleksnye metody issledovaniia v diagnostike disseminirovannykh protsessov organov dykhaniia.

The efficiency of complex methods of examination, including that of the new special ones, for the diagnosis of disseminated processes in the lungs has been studied in 300 patients between the ages of 20 and 76 years. The following methods were used: microbiological (including a new nutritive medium for mycobacteria activation), immuno-enzymatic (detection of specific antigens), immuno-morphologic with determination of antigen determinants of tuberculosis mycobacteria and their L-forms with the help of specific antisera, cytologic, biochemical (the content of phospholipids and their fractions in the bronchoalveolar washing and blood plasma cortisol/insulin ratio), ++tracheo-bronchoscopic and surgical methods. A possibility of the verification of the clinical diagnosis of various diseases was established with the help of each method being used. Surgical intervention (thoracoscopy with lung biopsy and open lung biopsy) which confirm the diagnosis in 96.4% of cases proved to be the most informative diagnostic method.