RESUMEN
Vascular anomalies known as dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) occur when arteries that emerge from carotid or vertebral artery branches empty straight into the dural venous sinuses. A 16-year-old male patient at the center of this case study initially arrived at the hospital with symptoms of generalized tonic-clonic seizures and headaches accompanied by vomiting, followed by right-sided hemiparesis and subsequently left-sided hemiparesis. An MRI brain with MR angiography was performed, revealing an abnormal fistulous connection between the sigmoid and transverse sinus and the branches of the bilateral external carotid and right internal carotid artery. Embolization was performed using a mixture of glue and lipoid to address the issue.
RESUMEN
Hydatid cystic disease, also called cystic echinococcosis, arises from Echinococcus, a tapeworm infestation. It results in developing cysts primarily in the liver, although they can also occur in other organs. While the spleen is an uncommon site for cyst formation, it can still be affected. These infections are more prevalent in rural and underdeveloped regions, particularly among individuals involved in livestock rearing and animal care. The case we came across was of a 32-year-old female from a rural background engaged in animal handling and farming. She presented to our hospital with left hypochondriac pain, decreased appetite, and generalized weakness, but the patient had a history of two episodes of melena, which was self-limiting. Subsequent investigations revealed a diagnosis of splenic hydatid cyst with perisplenic collaterals and cystic compression of the splenic vein, causing symptoms of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Here, we present a unique case of splenic hydatid cyst leading to non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. This rare presentation poses diagnostic challenges and emphasizes the importance of considering parasitic infections in differential diagnoses.