RESUMEN
Trust in science increases when scientists and the outlets certifying their work honor science's norms. Scientists often fail to signal to other scientists and, perhaps more importantly, the public that these norms are being upheld. They could do so as they generate, certify, and react to each other's findings: for example, by promoting the use and value of evidence, transparent reporting, self-correction, replication, a culture of critique, and controls for bias. A number of approaches for authors and journals would lead to more effective signals of trustworthiness at the article level. These include article badging, checklists, a more extensive withdrawal ontology, identity verification, better forward linking, and greater transparency.
RESUMEN
In keeping with the growing movement in scientific publishing toward transparency in data and methods, we propose changes to journal authorship policies and procedures to provide insight into which author is responsible for which contributions, better assurance that the list is complete, and clearly articulated standards to justify earning authorship credit. To accomplish these goals, we recommend that journals adopt common and transparent standards for authorship, outline responsibilities for corresponding authors, adopt the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) (docs.casrai.org/CRediT) methodology for attributing contributions, include this information in article metadata, and require authors to use the ORCID persistent digital identifier (https://orcid.org). Additionally, we recommend that universities and research institutions articulate expectations about author roles and responsibilities to provide a point of common understanding for discussion of authorship across research teams. Furthermore, we propose that funding agencies adopt the ORCID identifier and accept the CRediT taxonomy. We encourage scientific societies to further authorship transparency by signing on to these recommendations and promoting them through their meetings and publications programs.
RESUMEN
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a severe brain demyelinating disease in boys that is caused by a deficiency in ALD protein, an adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter encoded by the ABCD1 gene. ALD progression can be halted by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We initiated a gene therapy trial in two ALD patients for whom there were no matched donors. Autologous CD34+ cells were removed from the patients, genetically corrected ex vivo with a lentiviral vector encoding wild-type ABCD1, and then re-infused into the patients after they had received myeloablative treatment. Over a span of 24 to 30 months of follow-up, we detected polyclonal reconstitution, with 9 to 14% of granulocytes, monocytes, and T and B lymphocytes expressing the ALD protein. These results strongly suggest that hematopoietic stem cells were transduced in the patients. Beginning 14 to 16 months after infusion of the genetically corrected cells, progressive cerebral demyelination in the two patients stopped, a clinical outcome comparable to that achieved by allogeneic HCT. Thus, lentiviral-mediated gene therapy of hematopoietic stem cells can provide clinical benefits in ALD.
Asunto(s)
Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/genética , Adrenoleucodistrofia/terapia , Terapia Genética , Vectores Genéticos , VIH-1/genética , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/fisiología , Miembro 1 de la Subfamilia D de Transportador de Casetes de Unión al ATP , Adrenoleucodistrofia/genética , Adrenoleucodistrofia/patología , Animales , Encéfalo/patología , Diferenciación Celular , Linaje de la Célula , Niño , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Ácidos Grasos/sangre , Femenino , Expresión Génica , Hematopoyesis , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/virología , Humanos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Microglía/citología , Microglía/metabolismo , Agonistas Mieloablativos/uso terapéutico , Transducción Genética , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante , Trasplante Autólogo , Integración ViralRESUMEN
A combined reanalysis of the two largest yeast protein-protein interaction studies to date provides a large consolidated data set, with a level of accuracy matching the reliability of small-scale experiments.
Asunto(s)
Mapeo de Interacción de Proteínas , Teorema de Bayes , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/químicaRESUMEN
Chromosome conformation capture (3C) graduates to a tool for mapping interaction networks, thanks to a clever way of making molecular 'carbon copies'.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas/genética , Genómica/métodos , Elementos Reguladores de la Transcripción , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Conformación de Ácido Nucleico , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos/instrumentación , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos/métodos , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
A new resource allows researchers to match the gene-expression signature of their system of interest to that of well-characterized chemical compounds-a hypothesis-generation tool with a bright future.
Asunto(s)
Sistemas de Administración de Bases de Datos , Bases de Datos de Proteínas , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Almacenamiento y Recuperación de la Información/métodos , Mapeo Peptídico/métodos , Mapeo de Interacción de Proteínas/métodos , Interfaz Usuario-ComputadorRESUMEN
UK researchers have devised a method of chromatin immunoprecipitation that requires as little as 100 cells, opening the door to epigenetics studies in primary cells and embryos.
Asunto(s)
Inmunoprecipitación de Cromatina/instrumentación , Inmunoprecipitación de Cromatina/métodos , Cromatina/genética , Mapeo Cromosómico/instrumentación , Embrión de Mamíferos/fisiología , Epigénesis Genética/genética , Histonas/genética , Animales , Biopsia/métodos , Biopsia/tendencias , Mapeo Cromosómico/métodos , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Manejo de EspecímenesRESUMEN
A team from Harvard University has demonstrated that human embryonic stem cells have the capacity to reprogram an adult cell nucleus, leading to a new way of deriving human embryonic stem cell lines without using oocytes.