COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF GOLF-RELATED OCULAR INJURIES.

PURPOSE: The authors aimed to analyze the causes and outcomes of golf-related ocular injuries in this retrospective meta-analysis, literature review, and original case series. METHODS: Forty-one articles identified by PubMed search resulted in 11 included studies yielding 102 subjects. Included articles described all ocular golf injuries that presented to an institution during a determined period. Eight factors were analyzed: age, sex, location and mechanism of injury, protective eyewear use, resulting open-globe injury, resulting enucleation, and visual acuity changes. RESULTS: No subjects wore adequate protective eyewear. Significantly more subjects were injured by golf balls (72%) than golf clubs (27%) or foreign body (1%) (P < 0.0001). The ratio of golf ball to club injuries was significantly higher in adults (92%) than in children (23%) (P < 0.0001). Forty-seven of 93 (51%) injuries resulted in an open globe, whereas 27/82 (33%) injuries resulted in enucleation. The mean ± SD logMAR visual acuity improved by -0.641 ± 0.745 after treatment (>6 lines of improvement; P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Reported ocular golf injuries occur less frequently than other ocular sports injuries, but may result in devastating outcomes. Supervision of children using golf equipment should be encouraged.

Topical cyclosporine a 1% for the treatment of chronic ocular surface inflammation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of topical cyclosporine A (CsA) 1% emulsion in the treatment of chronic ocular surface inflammation (OSI). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with various forms of OSI treated with topical CsA 1% from 2001 to 2012. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients (52 eyes) with various forms of OSI, including epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (n=14), chronic follicular conjunctivitis (n=12), Thygeson superficial punctate keratopathy (n=2), and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (n=1), were included. Twenty-seven patients had inflammation refractory to prior therapies. Twenty-four patients received concurrent medications with CsA 1%. Twenty-three of 24 patients on concurrent corticosteroids (CS) were able to taper their use while receiving CsA 1%. Thirteen patients experienced ocular discomfort with CsA 1%; one patient discontinued therapy all together as a result of these side effects; another switched to CsA 0.5% with improvement of adverse symptoms. Inflammation was controlled in 22 (92%) of the 24 patients who received CsA 1% for at least 2 months in duration. CONCLUSION: Topical CsA 1% helps to control inflammation and spares CS use in patients with chronic OSI.

The lowly chalazion.

Chalazia are localized cysts of chronic lipogranulomatous inflammation arising from the obstruction of sebaceous glands of the eyelid tarsal plate, including the Meibomian gland (deep chalazion) or Zeis gland (superficial chalazion). This disease entity is differentiated from the hordeolum (stye), an acute purulent localized swelling of the eyelid often associated with an eyelash follicle, Zeis gland, or Moll gland obstruction and infection. Ambiguously, the chalazion, hordeolum, and blepharitis are commonly categorized and described on a continuum in the literature. While it is one of the most common eyelid disorders across all age demographics, the chalazion remains largely understudied and pathophysiological, epidemiological, and therapeutic findings exist fragmented in the literature. We discuss current understandings of the chalazion and provide current best practice guidelines supported by clinical anecdotal evidence.

Kahook Dual Blade versus Trabectome (KVT): Comparing Outcomes in Combination with Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) versus Trabectome with cataract surgery in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) and medications used by patients with glaucoma. Methods: Retrospective chart review comparing eyes after KDB or Trabectome with cataract surgery at 2 academic centers. Surgical success was defined as IOP <21 mmHg with ≥20% IOP reduction at post-operative month 12 (POM12). Changes in IOP, number of glaucoma medications, and adverse events were assessed. Results: Ninety eyes in the KDB group and 125 eyes in the Trabectome group were included. Mean changes in IOP at POM12 were -1.9 ± 4.9 mmHg (11.2%, P = 0.002) in the KDB group and -3.5 ± 5.5 mmHg (19.1%, P < 0.001) in the Trabectome group, without a significant difference between the groups (P = 0.20). Mean change in glaucoma medications at POM12 was -0.8 ± 1.5 in the KDB group (58%, P < 0.001) and -0.3 ± 1.3 (38%, P = 0.003) in the Trabectome group, with KDB having a greater decrease in medications (P = 0.02). The percentage of eyes achieving success was 30% for the KDB group and 54% for the Trabectome group (P = 0.01). Hyphema was the most common complication, with an incidence of 3% for the KDB group and 14% for the Trabectome group (P = 0.01). Conclusion: KDB or Trabectome with cataract surgery is safe and effective at lowering IOP and medication burden, with KDB resulting in a greater reduction in medications and Trabectome more frequently achieving success with an increased incidence of hyphema. Considering the study's limitations, the outcomes were similar.

Portable hardware & software technologies for addressing ophthalmic health disparities: A systematic review.

Vision impairment continues to be a major global problem, as the WHO estimates 2.2 billion people struggling with vision loss or blindness. One billion of these cases, however, can be prevented by expanding diagnostic capabilities. Direct global healthcare costs associated with these conditions totaled $255 billion in 2010, with a rapid upward projection to $294 billion in 2020. Accordingly, WHO proposed 2030 targets to enhance integration and patient-centered vision care by expanding refractive error and cataract worldwide coverage. Due to the limitations in cost and portability of adapted vision screening models, there is a clear need for new, more accessible vision testing tools in vision care. This comparative, systematic review highlights the need for new ophthalmic equipment and approaches while looking at existing and emerging technologies that could expand the capacity for disease identification and access to diagnostic tools. Specifically, the review focuses on portable hardware- and software-centered strategies that can be deployed in remote locations for detection of ophthalmic conditions and refractive error. Advancements in portable hardware, automated software screening tools, and big data-centric analytics, including machine learning, may provide an avenue for improving ophthalmic healthcare.

New Technique of Exposed Glaucoma Drainage Tube Repair: Report of a Case.

We present the case of successful repair of an exposed glaucoma drainage tube by cornea graft fixation with tissue adhesive, and without subsequent coverage by adjacent conjunctiva or donor tissues. Patient with history of keratoglobus with thin cornea and sclera, and phthisical contralateral eye, underwent three unsuccessful corneal grafts followed by Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis in the right eye. Ahmed drainage device with sclera patch graft was implanted to control the intraocular pressure. Two years later the tube eroded through sclera graft and conjunctiva. Repair was performed by covering the tube with a corneal patch graft secured by tissue adhesive after the conjunctiva in this area was dissected away. The cornea graft was left uncovered due to fragility of adjacent conjunctiva. The healing of ocular and graft surfaces was complete prior to the 1 month follow-up. Conjunctival epithelium covered the corneal patch graft. At 12 months follow-up, the graft and the tube remained stable. Our report suggests that corneal patch graft fixation to the sclera by means of tissue adhesive, without closing the conjunctiva, can be considered as an effective alternative surgical approach for managing exposed glaucoma drainage tube, accompanied by adjacent conjunctiva tissue deficiency. How to cite this article: Berezina TL, Fechtner RD, Cohen A, Kim EE, Chu DS. New Technique of Exposed Glaucoma Drainage Tube Repair: Report of a Case. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2015;9(2):62-64.