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1.
Cell ; 162(3): 662-74, 2015 Jul 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26189679

RESUMEN

In vivo pharmacology and optogenetics hold tremendous promise for dissection of neural circuits, cellular signaling, and manipulating neurophysiological systems in awake, behaving animals. Existing neural interface technologies, such as metal cannulas connected to external drug supplies for pharmacological infusions and tethered fiber optics for optogenetics, are not ideal for minimally invasive, untethered studies on freely behaving animals. Here, we introduce wireless optofluidic neural probes that combine ultrathin, soft microfluidic drug delivery with cellular-scale inorganic light-emitting diode (µ-ILED) arrays. These probes are orders of magnitude smaller than cannulas and allow wireless, programmed spatiotemporal control of fluid delivery and photostimulation. We demonstrate these devices in freely moving animals to modify gene expression, deliver peptide ligands, and provide concurrent photostimulation with antagonist drug delivery to manipulate mesoaccumbens reward-related behavior. The minimally invasive operation of these probes forecasts utility in other organ systems and species, with potential for broad application in biomedical science, engineering, and medicine.


Asunto(s)
Estimulación Encefálica Profunda/métodos , Optogenética/métodos , Animales , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Ratones , Sondas Moleculares , Tecnología Inalámbrica
2.
Cerebellum ; 23(2): 856-860, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37227606

RESUMEN

Opsoclonus refers to saccadic oscillations without an intersaccadic interval occurring in multiple planes. Opsoclonus mostly indicates dysfunction of the brainstem or cerebellum. We report opsoclonus induced by horizontal head-shaking without other signs of brainstem or cerebellar dysfunction in two patients with vestibular migraine (VM). The development of opsoclonus after horizontal head-shaking indicates unstable or hyperactive neural circuits between the excitatory and inhibitory saccadic premotor burst neurons in these patients with VM.


Asunto(s)
Trastornos Migrañosos , Trastornos de la Motilidad Ocular , Humanos , Movimientos Sacádicos , Tronco Encefálico , Cerebelo , Vértigo
3.
Front Neurol ; 15: 1329418, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38487329

RESUMEN

Background and purpose: Customized vestibular rehabilitation improved dizziness and imbalance in several randomized controlled trials. In the present study, we determined the efficacy of customized vestibular rehabilitation using real-world observational data. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we recruited 64 patients (median age = 60, interquartile range = 48-66.3) who completed the customized vestibular rehabilitation from January to December 2022. The outcomes of rehabilitation were evaluated using the dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) or vestibular disorders activities of daily living scale (VADL). The factors associated with outcomes were assessed with a generalized linear model, of which covariates included patients' age, sex, duration of illness, type of vestibular disorders, initial DHI and VADL scores, exercise compliance, and initial hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) scores. Results: After the median of 6 (4-6) weeks of rehabilitation, DHI and VADL scores significantly improved in patients with either peripheral or central vestibular disorders (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p < 0.05). The initial DHI and VADL scores showed a positive while the sum of HADS scores showed a negative correlation with the outcome. In contrast, the age, sex, duration of illness, types of vestibular disorders, and exercise compliance did not affect the outcome. Discussion and conclusion: Customized vestibular rehabilitation is effective for central as well as peripheral disorders, especially when the symptoms are severe and the psychological distress is mild.

4.
Ann Clin Transl Neurol ; 10(10): 1931-1936, 2023 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37607112

RESUMEN

Cerebellar nodulus and uvula and their connections with the vestibular nuclei form the so-called velocity-storage circuit. Lesions involving the velocity-storage circuit give rise to positional vertigo and nystagmus. Herein, we present a 32-year-old man with cerebellar nodulus and uvular hemorrhage who showed periodic vertigo and downbeat nystagmus in the supine position. To explain this unusual pattern, we adopted velocity-storage model with a lesion on the neural connection between the gravity and inertia estimators, resulting in periodic neural impulses and a gravity bias in a specific position. This report expands the spectrum of central positional nystagmus due to dysfunction of the velocity-storage mechanism.


Asunto(s)
Vermis Cerebeloso , Nistagmo Patológico , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Células de Purkinje , Nistagmo Patológico/etiología , Vértigo/patología
5.
J Microbiol ; 59(4): 401-409, 2021 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33779953

RESUMEN

Eukaryotic genomes contain many duplicated genes closely located with each other, such as the hexose transporter (HXT) genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. They can potentially recombine via single-strand annealing (SSA) pathway. SSA between highly divergent sequences generates heteroduplex DNA intermediates with many mismatches, which can be corrected by mismatch repair (MMR), resulting in recombinant sequences with a single junction point. In this report, we demonstrate that SSA between HXT1 and HXT4 genes in MMR-deficient yeast cells produces recombinant genes with multiple-junctions resulting from alternating HXT1 and HXT4 tracts. The mutations in MMR genes had differential effects on SSA frequencies; msh6Δ mutation significantly stimulated SSA events, whereas msh2Δ and msh3Δ slightly suppressed it. We set up an assay that can identify a pair of recombinant genes derived from a single heteroduplex DNA. As a result, the recombinant genes with multiple-junctions were found to accompany genes with single-junctions. Based on the results presented here, a model was proposed to generate multiple-junctions in SSA pathway involving an alternative short-patch repair system.


Asunto(s)
Reparación de la Incompatibilidad de ADN , Proteínas de Transporte de Monosacáridos/genética , Ácidos Nucleicos Heterodúplex/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Disparidad de Par Base , ADN de Hongos , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Genes Fúngicos , Mutación , Recombinación Genética
6.
J Microbiol ; 58(11): 957-966, 2020 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33125670

RESUMEN

Eukaryotic genomes contain numerous homologous repeat sequences including redundant genes with divergent homology that can be potential recombination targets. Recombination between divergent sequences is rare but poses a substantial threat to genome stability. The hexose transporter (HXT) gene family shares high sequence similarities at both protein and DNA levels, and some members are placed close together in tandem arrays. In this study, we show that spontaneous interstitial deletions occur at significantly high rates in HXT gene clusters, resulting in chimeric HXT sequences that contain a single junction point. We also observed that DNA double-strand breaks created between HXT genes produce primarily interstitial deletions, whereas internal cleavage of the HXT gene resulted in gene conversions as well as deletion products. Interestingly, interstitial deletions were less constrained by sequence divergence than gene conversion. Moreover, recombination-defective mutations differentially affected the survival frequency. Mutations that impair single-strand annealing (SSA) pathway greatly reduced the survival frequency by 10-1,000-fold, whereas disruption of Rad51-dependent homologous recombination exhibited only modest reduction. Our results indicate that recombination in the tandemly repeated HXT genes occurs primarily via SSA pathway.


Asunto(s)
Reparación del ADN , ADN de Hongos/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Monosacáridos/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Roturas del ADN de Doble Cadena , Recombinación Homóloga , Familia de Multigenes
9.
Yeungnam Univ J Med ; 35(2): 240-243, 2018 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31620602

RESUMEN

Negative myoclonus (NM) is a jerky, shock-like involuntary movement caused by a sudden, brief interruption of muscle contraction. An 80-year-old man presented with multifocal NM and confusion. Two days before the onset of NM, he commenced the intake of pregabalin at a dose of 150 mg/day for neuropathic pain. His NM resolved completely and mental status improved gradually after the administration of lorazepam intravenously and the discontinuation of pregabalin. Our study suggests that pregabalin can cause NM even in patients without a history of seizures.

12.
Korean J Anesthesiol ; 64(5): 414-9, 2013 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23741563

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The use of monitored anesthesia care (MAC) as the technique of choice for a variety of invasive or noninvasive procedures is increasing. The purpose of this study to compare the outcomes of two different methods, spinal anesthesia and ilioinguinal-hypogastric nerve block (IHNB) with target concentrated infusion of remifentanil for inguinal herniorrhaphy. METHODS: Fifty patients were assigned to spinal anesthesia (Group S) or IHNB with MAC group (Group M). In Group M, IHNB was performed and the effect site concentration of remifentanil, starting from 2 ng/ml, was titrated according to the respiratory rate or discomfort, either by increasing or decreasing the dose by 0.3 ng/ml. The groups were compared to assess hemodynamic values, oxygen saturation, bispectral index (BIS), observer assessment alertness/sedation scale (OAA/S), visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain score and patients' and surgeon's satisfaction. RESULTS: BIS and OAA/S were not significantly different between the two groups. Hemodynamic variables were stable in Group M. Thirteen patients in the same group showed decreased respiratory rate without desaturation, and recovered immediately by encouraging taking deep breaths without the use of assist ventilation. Although VAS in the ward was not significantly different between the two groups, interestingly, patients' and surgeon's satisfaction scores (P = 0.0004, P = 0.004) were higher in Group M. The number of the patients who suffered from urinary retention was higher in Group S (P = 0.0021). CONCLUSIONS: IHNB under MAC with remifentanil is a useful method for inguinal herniorrhaphy reflecting hemodynamic stability, fewer side effects and higher satisfaction. This approach can be applied for outpatient surgeries and patients who are unfit for spinal anesthesia or general anesthesia.

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