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1.
Value Health ; 14(1): 184-91, 2011 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21211501

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of tissue selectivity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study using a Medicaid claims database was conducted. Patients hospitalized for an AMI and subsequently filling a prescription for an ACE inhibitor were followed longitudinally for the occurrence of cardiovascular-related hospitalizations and all-cause mortality. A subanalysis was also conducted to account for switching/discontinuation of ACE inhibitor therapy. Stepwise (forward conditional) Cox-proportional hazards models were used to analyze the effect of tissue selectivity on study outcomes. RESULTS: The final study sample consisted of 689 AMI and the results indicated that tissue-selective ACE inhibitors had a protective effect against hospitalization due to stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.265; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.101-0.698). A similar lower rate in hospitalizations due to heart failure was observed in the group using tissue-selective ACE inhibitors; however, the results were not statistically significant (HR = 0.681; 95% CI = 0.436-1.063). A protective effect was also observed on the combined outcome of hospitalization due to any cardiovascular condition (HR = 0.712; 95% CI = 0.536-0.945). Hospitalizations due to recurrent AMI, need for coronary revascularization procedures, and mortality were not significantly different between patients using tissue-selective and non-tissue-selective ACE inhibitors. The completer subanalysis provided similar findings regarding the impact of tissue selectivity on study outcomes. CONCLUSION: Tissue-selective ACE inhibitors may have a protective effect against hospitalization due to stroke/TIA or heart failure when compared to non-tissue-selective ACE inhibitors for patients following AMI.


Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/farmacología , Antihipertensivos/farmacología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Infarto del Miocardio/prevención & control , Especificidad de Órganos , Adulto , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , Enalapril/farmacología , Enalapril/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/epidemiología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/prevención & control , Humanos , Lisinopril/farmacología , Lisinopril/uso terapéutico , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Infarto del Miocardio/rehabilitación , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Ramipril/farmacología , Ramipril/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Prevención Secundaria , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/prevención & control , Análisis de Supervivencia
2.
Br J Pharmacol ; 144(4): 538-50, 2005 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15655513

RESUMEN

1. This manuscript presents the preclinical profile of lumiracoxib, a novel cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitor. 2. Lumiracoxib inhibited purified COX-1 and COX-2 with K(i) values of 3 and 0.06 microM, respectively. In cellular assays, lumiracoxib had an IC(50) of 0.14 microM in COX-2-expressing dermal fibroblasts, but caused no inhibition of COX-1 at concentrations up to 30 microM (HEK 293 cells transfected with human COX-1). 3. In a human whole blood assay, IC(50) values for lumiracoxib were 0.13 microM for COX-2 and 67 microM for COX-1 (COX-1/COX-2 selectivity ratio 515). 4. Lumiracoxib was rapidly absorbed following oral administration in rats with peak plasma levels being reached between 0.5 and 1 h. 5. Ex vivo, lumiracoxib inhibited COX-1-derived thromboxane B(2) (TxB(2)) generation with an ID(50) of 33 mg kg(-1), whereas COX-2-derived production of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat air pouch was inhibited with an ID(50) value of 0.24 mg kg(-1). 6. Efficacy of lumiracoxib in rat models of hyperalgesia, oedema, pyresis and arthritis was dose-dependent and similar to diclofenac. However, consistent with its low COX-1 inhibitory activity, lumiracoxib at a dose of 100 mg kg(-1) orally caused no ulcers and was significantly less ulcerogenic than diclofenac (P<0.05). 7. Lumiracoxib is a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities comparable with diclofenac, the reference NSAID, but with much improved gastrointestinal safety.


Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa/farmacología , Compuestos Orgánicos/farmacología , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintasas/metabolismo , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacocinética , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Artritis Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Disponibilidad Biológica , Plaquetas/efectos de los fármacos , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Ciclooxigenasa 2 , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa 2 , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa/farmacocinética , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa/uso terapéutico , Diclofenaco/análogos & derivados , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Fiebre/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Humanos , Hiperalgesia/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Proteínas de la Membrana , Compuestos Orgánicos/farmacocinética , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas Lew , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Ratas Wistar , Piel/citología , Tromboxano B2/metabolismo
3.
Clin Nurs Res ; 14(2): 191-205, 2005 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15793275

RESUMEN

This pilot study tested a videotape intervention designed to improve patient self-management of heart failure (HF). Content of the video series (produced professionally under a federal grant) is based on national, scientifically validated guidelines for HF home management. Outcomes tested were HF knowledge, symptom reporting, and functional status. Participants were 10 newly diagnosed HF patients (mean age 67). After viewing the tapes, data indicated participants had a clinically relevant improvement in HF knowledge, and improved or maintained HF health status. None were rehospitalized during the 60-day follow-up period. One patient contacted his/her physician to report weight gain, as prompted by the videotapes. The cost data indicated that patients paid $177 out of pocket monthly for medications and all were low income. These results indicate the need for further testing of the videotape as a potentially cost-effective method of teaching about HF self-management and daily home self-monitoring.


Asunto(s)
Insuficiencia Cardíaca/enfermería , Educación del Paciente como Asunto/métodos , Autocuidado/métodos , Grabación de Cinta de Video , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto
4.
Clin Nurs Res ; 11(2): 220-33, 2002 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11991174

RESUMEN

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using home audio/ video telehealth equipment for administering nursing interventions to families, observing the client response, and collecting research data over specific intervals of time. The study design was a descriptive comparison with observational data collection. The subjects were adult patients (n = 5) using nighttime mechanical ventilators for obstructive sleep apnea and their home caregivers (n = 7). Skin color vital signs, spirometry, and pulse oximetry data collected simultaneously through telehealth equipment and through nurse observation in the home were the same. Care and the caregiver's use of the patient equipment were also observed. When nursing interventions, equipment demonstrations, visual illustrations, and audiotaped educational directions were used to facilitate patient care, they were transmitted across telehealth with a few exceptions. Costs of telehealth visits were less than traditional home visits, and client evaluations of telehealth were positive.


Asunto(s)
Cuidadores , Enfermería en Salud Comunitaria , Servicios de Atención de Salud a Domicilio , Investigación Metodológica en Enfermería/métodos , Telemedicina , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Respiración Artificial/enfermería
5.
ANS Adv Nurs Sci ; 25(1): 50-64, 2002 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12889577

RESUMEN

A clinically relevant model, grounded in nursing theory, has evolved to become a midrange theory. This article describes the processes used to derive, validate, revise, and test the Caregiving Effectiveness Model. Testing of this midrange theory used prospective longitudinal research with family members caring for patientsrequiring lifelong, complex, technology-based home care. It presents the conceptual critiques and statistical procedures and discusses derivation of model-generated nursing interventions and implications for use of these validation processes in developing nursing knowledge. The article summarizes limitations of the model and presents recommendations for future research.


Asunto(s)
Cuidadores , Familia , Atención Domiciliaria de Salud/normas , Modelos de Enfermería , Investigación en Evaluación de Enfermería/métodos , Teoría de Enfermería , Adaptación Psicológica , Cuidadores/educación , Cuidadores/psicología , Enfermedad Crónica/enfermería , Enfermedad Crónica/psicología , Enfermería en Salud Comunitaria/normas , Depresión/psicología , Familia/psicología , Promoción de la Salud , Estado de Salud , Atención Domiciliaria de Salud/psicología , Humanos , Salud Mental , Modelos Psicológicos , Motivación , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Educación del Paciente como Asunto , Estudios Prospectivos , Calidad de Vida , Tecnología de Alto Costo
7.
J Am Board Fam Med ; 19(6): 566-78, 2006.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17090790

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: This study measured the knowledge and use of herbs among Hispanics and assessed their experiences when discussing herb use with their physician. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 620 Hispanic patients seeking treatment in urban health centers. RESULTS: Most (80.3%) reported using herbs. Herb users were more comfortable speaking Spanish (91.9% vs 80.2%) and had been in the United States less than 5 years (47.0% vs 29.4%). More users considered herbs as drugs (60.5% vs 39.6%). Users were more aware that herbs could harm a baby if taken during pregnancy (56.4% vs 36.0%). The majority did not know the English name for 23 of the 25 herbs. A majority indicated their physician was unaware of their herb use. Few (17.4%) responded that their physicians asked about herb use. Only 41.6% thought their physician would understand their herb use, and 1.8% believed their physician would encourage continued use. There were no significant differences between herb users and nonusers in their perception of patient-physician communication levels. CONCLUSION: Primary care physicians need to be aware that most Hispanic patients are likely to use herbs. It is important to initiate and encourage discussion of their patient's interest in and use of these therapies.


Asunto(s)
Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Medicina de Hierbas , Hispánicos o Latinos , Relaciones Médico-Paciente , Revelación de la Verdad , Adulto , Recolección de Datos , Femenino , Humanos , Indiana , Masculino , Población Urbana
8.
Am J Hematol ; 71(3): 184-90, 2002 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12410573

RESUMEN

We studied 28 patients with accelerated phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) who were enrolled on the Novartis expanded access study 114. Diagnosis of accelerated phase CML was based on karyotypic evolution (n = 9) and hematologic criteria (n = 18). All patients were begun on 600 mg/day of imatinib mesylate. Dose reductions to 400 mg/day and then 300 mg/day were prescribed for an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of <0.5/microl or a platelet count of <20,000/microl. Twenty-seven of the 28 patients continued treatment for a median of 34 weeks. Eleven patients developed thrombocytopenia following an average of 8.4 +/- 1.4 weeks of therapy. The onset of thrombocytopenia was associated with disease progression in one patient and a decline in bone marrow megakaryocytes in the other 10. Nine patients recovered to a platelet count of >20,000/microl after an average of 19.7 +/- 1.8 weeks. Patients who developed thrombocytopenia had a longer duration of disease (9.39 vs. 4.35 years; P < 0.01) and were more likely to be diagnosed with accelerated phase CML by hematologic criteria. Hematologic responses in patients with and without thrombocytopenia were comparable; however, 31.3% of patients without thrombocytopenia had a complete cytogenetic response compared to none of those with thrombocytopenia. Grade III-IV thrombocytopenia is common in accelerated phase CML and may be a marker for the inability to achieve cytogenetic response using single agent imatinib mesylate.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Leucemia Mieloide de Fase Acelerada/tratamiento farmacológico , Piperazinas/efectos adversos , Pirimidinas/efectos adversos , Trombocitopenia/inducido químicamente , Trombocitopenia/fisiopatología , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Benzamidas , Recuento de Células , Análisis Citogenético , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Mesilato de Imatinib , Leucemia Mieloide de Fase Acelerada/patología , Leucemia Mieloide de Fase Acelerada/fisiopatología , Megacariocitos/patología , Piperazinas/administración & dosificación , Piperazinas/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/administración & dosificación , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Factores de Tiempo
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