[Molecular biology characteristics of cattle leukemia virus]. / Molekuliarno-biologicheskaia kharakteristika virusa leikoza krupnogo rogatogo skota.

The structure and morphogenesis of the cattle leukemia virus, the main biochemical and immunological characteristics and its antigenic relationship with other members of the family Retroviridae are reviewed.

Participation of reticuloendothelial system in the pathogenesis of experimental amyotrophic leukospongiosis.

Spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes were found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic leukospongiosis (AL). At early stage of AL they are the sites of reproduction and accumulation of an unconventional virus; they also provide its dissemination in the body of infected animals. In lymph nodes and visceral organs the AL pathogen was detected in much lower quantities and only in the period of clinically manifest disease. The level of the complement was significantly decreased in the serum of animals with experimental AL. This decrease correlated with the development of clinico-morphological lesions and reached its maximum at the terminal stage of disease.

[Detection of specific local immunity factors in children with herpetic diseases of the oral mucosa]. / Vyiavlenie spetsificheskikh faktorov mestnogo immuniteta u detei pri gerpeticheskikh zabolevaniiakh slizistoi obolochki polosti rta.

Specimens of mixed untreated saliva from 3 groups of children were tested for antibodies to herpes virus by the fluorescent antibody technique (33 children with acute herpes stomatitis, 64 with recurrent herpes stomatitis, and 30 in the control group). Herpes virus antibodies were found in the saliva in 27.2 +/- 7.7% of the cases at the peak of acute stomatitis and in 77.7 +/- 10.0% of cases in the period of epithelization, in 84.6 +/- 10.0% of the examined subjects the antibodies were detected 2-4 months after the disease. Examinations of 64 saliva specimens obtained from the children during one of the relapses of chronic stomatitis demonstrated antibodies more frequently (59.3 +/- 8.0%) than in children at the peak of acute stomatitis disease. A trend for increased antibody content in the saliva of children by the period of epithelization of lesions in the buccal cavity both in acute stomatitis and during relapses of chronic disease was observed. No herpes antibodies were found in saliva specimens from 30 children of the control group.

[Characteristics of the etiological agent of human amyotrophic leukospongiosis]. / Kharakteristika étiologicheskogo agents amiotroficheskogo leikospongioza cheloveka.

Primary cultures of brain cells from a patient with amyotrophic leukospongiosis (ALSP) and animals with the experimentally reproduced disease yielded an agent which by its physicochemical and molecular biological properties was placed among nonclassical viruses, the agents of spongiform encephalopathies. The agent is small and resistant to a number of detergents, lipid solvents, oxidants, enzymes, UV irradiation, and heating. The role of the isolate in the development of ALSP is verified by experimental reproduction of the disease in guinea pigs inoculated either with a brain suspension from ALSP patient or with the purified and concentrated agent. The true nature of ALSP in experimentally inoculated animals was verified by clinical, morphological, and virological studies.

[Experimental herpetic infection of the CNS with predominant involvement of the spinal cord]. / Eksperimental'naia gerpeticheskaia infektsiia TsNS s preimushchestvennym porazheniem spinnogo mozga.

Clinical, morphological, and virological characteristics of a model of herpes infection of the CNS with predominant involvement of the spinal cord, an acute ascending myelitis with primary demyelinization, are presented. The development of spinal cord lesions after HSV inoculation into the spleen was observed in different species of laboratory animals: mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, and rabbits; some animals (30%-70%) developed generalized infection with the involvement of the brain. The frequency of the spinal cord involvement was found to depend on the age of the animal and the dose of the virus-containing inoculum. Differences in the clinical and morphological manifestations of herpes infection were due to different mechanisms of herpes simplex virus spread in the body: either centripetally on the axons of the visceral nerves innervating the spleen into the thoracal cord, or hematogenic disseminations with virus penetration across the hematoencephalic barrier. The total duration of the disease was 3-12 days depending on the animal species.

[Physicochemical and biological properties of the agents isolated from a patient with amyotrophic leukospongiosis and monkeys with experimentally reproduced disease]. / Izuchenie fiziko-khimicheskikh i biologicheskikh svoistv agentov, vydelennykh ot bol'nogo amiotroficheskim leikospongiozom i obez'ian s éksperimental'no vosproizvedennym zabolevaniiam.

The paper describes isolation from the brain of a patient who died of amyotrophic leukospongiosis (ALSP) and from squirrel monkeys with experimentally induced disease of heretofore unknown agents whose reproduction in continuous cell lines (HEp-2, CV-1, Vero) was accompanied by a significant increase in the mitotic activity of cells and adsorption of human 0(1) and M. rhesus erythrocytes. The blood sera from patients with ALSP and a monkey with experimental disease were found to contain a factor specifically inhibiting the hemadsorption phenomenon and the increase of the mitotic activity in the infected cell cultures. Investigations of the properties of the isolates showed them to have a buoyant density of 1.18 g/cm3 in a 20-60% sucrose gradient, to incorporate radioactive precursors of RNA and protein synthesis, and to be highly resistant to the effect of some physical and chemical factors. The data obtained suggest that the isolates differ from all the presently known conventional viruses but have some similarity with etiological agents of slow infections and may be classified as unconventional viruses.

[Modeling and characteristics of liver damage in herpes infection]. / Modelirovanie i kharkteristika porazhenii pecheni pri gerpeticheskoi infektsii.

An experimental model of herpetic hepatitis is developed, levels and time course of changes in transaminases, the main indicators of lipid metabolism, are characterized, and morphologic features of hepatocyte injury by herpes simplex virus are shown. Liver involvement in herpetic infection is described in detail.

[Reproduction of amyotrophic leukospongiosis in laboratory animals]. / Vosproizvedenie amiotroficheskogo leikospongioza u laboratornykh zhivotnykh.

Amyotrophic leukospongiosis (ALSP) was produced in laboratory animals: hamsters, rabbits, guinea pigs. Guinea pigs were found to be a most suitable laboratory model for the study of ALSP pathogenesis with the longest incubation period. The data are obtained verifying the role of previously isolated unconventional virus in the ALSP etiology.

[Isolation of a nonclassical virus and a study of its etiological role in human amyotrophic leukospongiosis]. / Vydelenie neklassicheskogo virusa i izuchenie ego étiologicheskoi roli pri amiotroficheskom leikospongioze cheloveka.

The study of the brain of a patients with amyotrophic leukospongiosis and the brain of squirrel monkeys with the experimentally induced disease has resulted in the isolation of an agent which, in accordance with its physicochemical and biological properties, can be classified with unconventional viruses. The results of the experimental reproduction of the disease in laboratory animals have confirmed its etiological role in the development of the disease.

[Development of laboratory diagnostic methods for slow infections of the human central nervous system caused by nonclassical viruses]. / Razrabotka metodov laboratornoi diagnostiki medlennykh infektsii tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy cheloveka, vyzyvaemykh neklassicheskimi virusami.

The theoretical foundations of the laboratory diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and amyotrophic leukospongiosis in living patients are discussed and practical diagnostic methods are proposed on the basis of the study of the biological properties of nonclassical viruses and the pathogenesis of slow infections of the central nervous system. The use of the retrobulbar method of infecting susceptible animals has permitted, besides a considerable decrease in the incubation period in modeling slow infections, the improvement of the in vivo biological test. Thus, as the result of the multiplication of non-classical viruses in the visual nerve and the retina, experimental animals develop retinopathy which can be detected 1.5-2.5 weeks after the animals are injected with the spinal fluid or blood taken from the patient under examination. To diagnose amyotrophic leukospongiosis, the in vitro biological test, based on the capacity of the causative agent for inducing a considerable (2- to 5-fold) increase in the mitotic activity of HEp-2 cells, has been developed. The comparative studies have shown the expediency of using the method for the detection of antibodies to nerve-fiber proteins as an additional test for the differential diagnosis of slow infections of the central nervous system.

[Variants of herpetic encephalomyelitis]. / Varianty gerpeticheskikh éntsefalomielitov.

The article presents the results of combined clinico-morphological, virological, and seroimmunological studies in 10 patients aged 16 to 57 years who suffered from acute herpetic encephalomyelitis. The authors have identified 4 clinical syndromes: Landry's ascending paralysis, meningomyelitis, disseminated encephalomyelitis, and brain stem encephalitis. Some aspects of the pathogenesis of herpetic lesions of the central nervous system are discussed.

[The morphological characteristics of the endocervicoses in genital herpes]. / Morfologicheskie osobennosti éndotservikozov pri genital'nom gerpese.

Uterine cervix biopsies from 450 patients with endocervicosis were studied morphologically. Giant cell metamorphosis, nuclei hypertrophy and hyperchromatism with intranuclear viral basophilic inclusions typical for herpes infection were found in 24 cases (5.3%). These cell alterations were mainly observed in squamous epithelium of the uterine cervix, columnar epithelium of the glands and to a lesser degree in the stromal fibroblasts and vascular endothelium. These morphological changes were confirmed in 6 of 10 cases by means of the fluorescent antibodies to the herpes simplex viral antigen.

[Clinical forms of acute herpetic infections of the central nervous system in adults]. / Klinicheskie formy ostrykh gerpeticheskikh porazhenii tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy u vzroslykh.

The authors describe the course of herpetic encephalitis in 52 patients aged 16 to 64 years. Five types of the initial manifestations of herpetic infection of the CNS were revealed. In 44.3% of cases the disease started from the general cerebral symptomatology and consciousness disturbance; in 13.6% it started in a brain stroke-like manner followed by the development of the comatose status; in 13.6% of cases from memory disorder and unmotivated actions; in the same percentage of cases, the disease onset was marked by the dominance of dizziness, diplopia, ataxia and central hemiplegia ; in 15.9% the disease started from pains in the stomach, loin and lower limbs. Hemispheric and pseudotumorous stem encephalitides (48.1 and 13.6% respectively) were predominant; in 25% meningoencephalitides and in the remainder, encephalomyelitis running their course in the form of disseminated encephalomyelitis (5.7%), focal myelitis (5.7%) or opticomyelitis (1.9%). The data presented attest to the pleomorphism of the clinical picture of herpetic lesions of the CNS.

[Morphological changes in experimental amyotrophic leukospongiosis]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniia pri éksperimental'nom amiotroficheskom leikospongioze.

A new nosological entity of slow infections provoked by noncanonical viruses was experimentally studied. It was shown that natural human infection and infection induced in guinea pigs had common clinical and morphological parameters and were characterized by severe changes in the central nervous system. Histologically, the death of the motoneurones of the spinal cord, the spongious state of the white matter of the brain and spinal cord, relative preservation of myelin, hypertrophy and proliferation of macroglia were histologically observed.

[Intravital laboratory diagnosis of human subacute spongioid encephalopathies (Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome and amyotrophic leukospongiosis)]. / Prizhiznennaia laboratornaia diagnostika podostrykh spongioznykh éntsefalopatiicheloveka (bolezni Kreittsfel'da-Jakoba i amiotroficheskogo leikospongioza).

Methods aimed at the detection of causative agents in the CSF and peripheral blood lymphocytes are recommended for the use in intravital laboratory diagnosis of slow infections of the central nervous system. The results obtained enable recommending the biotest on guinea-pigs or indication of the causative agent of amyotrophic leukospongiosis (AL) in cell culture coupled with the punctate immunoenzyme assay for the diagnosis of AL. As to the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, it is suggested that the biotest on guinea-pigs and the punctate immunoenzyme assay may be used.

[Chronic forms of herpetic lesions of the central nervous system in adults (clinico-laboratory and morphological studies)]. / Khronicheskie formy gerpeticheskikh porazhenii tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy u vzroslykh (kliniko-laboratornye i morfo- logicheskie issledovaniia).

Based on analysis of 17 cases with chronic herpetic encephalitis and encephalomyelitis, the authors demonstrate the diversity of the clinical manifestations of the illnesses. A problem of the progredient forms of those neurologic infections is discussed.

[An epidemiological study of herpetic viral infections in the Republic of Byelarus]. / Izuchenie épidemiologii gerpeticheskikh virusnykh infektsii v Respublike Belarus'.

Studies on the epidemiology of infections caused by Herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in different age groups of the population of the Republic of Belarus, carried out over the period of many years, are summarized. The frequency of clinical manifestations of different forms of herpetic viral pathology in newborns, children and adults in different regions of the republic was studied. More frequent cases of the most severe clinical forms of herpetic viral infections (encephalitides, generalized infection) were noted in persons having immunodeficient states of different etiology, as well as among the population residing on the territory with unfavorable radiation conditions as a consequence of the catastrophe in the Chernobyl nuclear electric power station. For further study of the specific features of the epidemiology of herpetic obligatory registration of all cases of herpetic viral infections, starting from January 1, 1996, was introduced.

[Clinical polymorphism of herpetic lesions of the central nervous system]. / Klinicheskii polimorfizm gerpeticheskikh porazhenii nervnoi sistemy.

Four groups of herpetic affection of the central nervous system have been described: meningitis, meningoencephalitis, encephalitis and encephalomyelitis. Each condition has a variety of neurological manifestations. Clinico-pathogenic aspects of the problem are discussed.

[The clinical characteristics of progressive focal epilepsy with a herpetic etiology]. / Klinicheskie osobennosti progressiruiushchei fokal'noi épilepsiei gerpeticheskoi étiologii.

Cases are described of chronic zoster encephalitis presenting with the leading progressive focal epilepsy syndrome. The clinical presentation of the trouble can include both general cerebral signs and those of the focal affection of the central nervous system only. The progressive course and duration of remission suggest to us a persisting infection manifesting against the background of immune deficiency.

[Use of an immunoglobulin with targeted action for the prevention and treatment of recurrent herpetic stomatitis in children]. / Primenenie immunoglobulina napravlennogo deistviia dlia profilaktiki i lecheniia retsidiviruiushchego gerpeticheskogo stomatita u detei.

The results of parenteral (2 to 3 injections of 1.5 to 3 ml once on 3-rd to 4-th day) application of the prepared immunoglobulin with the titer of antiherpetic antibodies of 1:512 to 1:1024 in combined treatment of 2 groups of patients are summarized. In 34 children aged 2 to 12 years recurrent herpetic stomatitis was at its exacerbation. In 27 patients aged 1 to 3 an acute (primary) herpetic stomatitis was present and the group was considered, on grounds of the originally designed prognostic system, as being at high risk of transition into the chronic frequently exacerbating form of the disease. Positive immediate anti-recidive and preventive effect was obtained and confirmed in 12 to 24 months' follow-up.