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1.
Am J Addict ; 33(4): 375-384, 2024 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38290762

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Probability discounting (PD), which refers to the process of adjusting the value of future probabilities when making decisions, is a method of measuring impulsive decision-making; however, the relationship between PD and nicotine remains unclear. The current study aimed at investigating the significance of PD in individuals who smoke. METHODS: According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched the PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases for articles comparing individuals who smoke and their tobacco-naïve controls using PD task as outcome measure from inception to May 2023. The main outcome was an overall difference in PD function, while subgroup analysis and meta-regression were conducted to examine the analysis methods and the moderators of PD. RESULTS: Fourteen studies in total involving 384 individuals who smoke and 493 controls (mean age = 24.32 years, range = 15.1-38.05 years) were analyzed. The effect of smoking on PD was significant (g = 0.51, p = .02). The discounting parameter from the equation, compared to the area under the curve, was more sensitive to estimating PD function (p = .01). Regression analysis showed positive correlations of PD with female percentage, age, and the number of probability options (all p < .04), but not with the number of choices at each probability and maximum reward magnitude (all p > .07). There was no significant publication bias across the eligible studies (p = .09). CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings, which are the first to demonstrate a smaller PD (i.e., prone to risk-taking) in individuals who smoke, shed light on the appropriate analysis method, gender effect, age, and probability options on the PD function.


Asunto(s)
Probabilidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Toma de Decisiones , Descuento por Demora , Conducta Impulsiva , Fumar/psicología , Fumar/epidemiología
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(7)2022 Apr 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35409412

RESUMEN

Entry inhibitors against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are urgently needed to control the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study developed a robust and straightforward assay that detected the molecular interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of viral spike protein and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in just 10 min. A drug library of 1068 approved compounds was used to screen for SARS-CoV2 entry inhibition, and 9 active drugs were identified as specific pseudovirus entry inhibitors. A plaque reduction neutralization test using authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus in Vero E6 cells confirmed that 2 of these drugs (Etravirine and Dolutegravir) significantly inhibited the infection of SARS-CoV-2. With molecular docking, we showed that both Etravirine and Dolutegravir are preferentially bound to primary ACE2-interacting residues on the RBD domain, implying that these two drug blocks may prohibit the viral attachment of SARS-CoV-2. We compared the neutralizing activities of these entry inhibitors against different pseudoviruses carrying spike proteins from alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variants. Both Etravirine and Dolutegravir showed similar neutralizing activities against different variants, with EC50 values between 4.5 to 5.8 nM for Etravirine and 10.2 to 22.9 nM for Dolutegravir. These data implied that Etravirine and Dolutegravir may serve as general spike inhibitors against dominant viral variants of SARS-CoV-2.


Asunto(s)
Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina 2 , Humanos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , ARN Viral , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/metabolismo
3.
Adv Nutr ; 15(2): 100163, 2024 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38110000

RESUMEN

Migraine is a highly prevalent neurologic disorder with prevalence rates ranging from 9% to 18% worldwide. Current pharmacologic prophylactic strategies for migraine have limited efficacy and acceptability, with relatively low response rates of 40% to 50% and limited safety profiles. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are considered promising therapeutic agents for migraine prophylaxis. The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to compare the efficacy and acceptability of various dosages of EPA/DHA and other current Food and Drug Administration-approved or guideline-recommended prophylactic pharmacologic interventions for migraine. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible for inclusion if they enrolled participants with a diagnosis of either episodic or chronic migraine. All NMA procedures were conducted under the frequentist model. The primary outcomes assessed were 1) changes in migraine frequency and 2) acceptability (i.e., dropout for any reason). Secondary outcomes included response rates, changes in migraine severity, changes in the frequency of using rescue medications, and frequency of any adverse events. Forty RCTs were included (N = 6616; mean age = 35.0 y; 78.9% women). Our analysis showed that supplementation with high dosage EPA/DHA yields the highest decrease in migraine frequency [standardized mean difference (SMD): -1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.32, -0.39 compared with placebo] and the largest decrease in migraine severity (SMD: -2.23; 95% CI: -3.17, -1.30 compared with placebo) in all studied interventions. Furthermore, supplementation with high dosage EPA/DHA showed the most favorable acceptability rates (odds ratio: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.06, 17.41 compared with placebo) of all examined prophylactic treatments. This study provides compelling evidence that high dosage EPA/DHA supplementation can be considered a first-choice treatment of migraine prophylaxis because this treatment displayed the highest efficacy and highest acceptability of all studied treatments. This study was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42022319577.


Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , Trastornos Migrañosos , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto , Masculino , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/uso terapéutico , Metaanálisis en Red , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/uso terapéutico , Trastornos Migrañosos/prevención & control , Trastornos Migrañosos/inducido químicamente , Trastornos Migrañosos/tratamiento farmacológico , Suplementos Dietéticos
4.
Infect Immun ; 76(7): 3293-303, 2008 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18443091

RESUMEN

Infection with Helicobacter pylori cagA-positive strains is associated with gastritis, ulcerations, and gastric cancer. CagA is translocated into infected epithelial cells by a type IV secretion system and can be tyrosine phosphorylated, inducing signal transduction and motogenic responses in epithelial cells. Cellular cholesterol, a vital component of the membrane, contributes to membrane dynamics and functions and is important in VacA intoxication and phagocyte evasion during H. pylori infection. In this investigation, we showed that cholesterol extraction by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin reduced the level of CagA translocation and phosphorylation. Confocal microscope visualization revealed that a significant portion of translocated CagA was colocalized with the raft marker GM1 and c-Src during infection. Moreover, GM1 was rapidly recruited into sites of bacterial attachment by live-cell imaging analysis. CagA and VacA were cofractionated with detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs), suggesting that the distribution of CagA and VacA is associated with rafts in infected cells. Upon cholesterol depletion, the distribution shifted to non-DRMs. Accordingly, the CagA-induced hummingbird phenotype and interleukin-8 induction were blocked by cholesterol depletion. Raft-disrupting agents did not influence bacterial adherence but did significantly reduce internalization activity in AGS cells. Together, these results suggest that delivery of CagA into epithelial cells by the bacterial type IV secretion system is mediated in a cholesterol-dependent manner.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos Bacterianos/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Colesterol/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/microbiología , Mucosa Gástrica/citología , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidad , Microdominios de Membrana/metabolismo , Adhesión Bacteriana , Línea Celular Tumoral , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Células Epiteliales/inmunología , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiología , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Helicobacter pylori/metabolismo , Helicobacter pylori/fisiología , Humanos , Interleucina-8/biosíntesis , Mutación
5.
J Antimicrob Chemother ; 57(3): 466-71, 2006 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16396916

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics is the main factor for therapy failure, while other features remain largely unknown. The aims of this study are to investigate the relationship of antibiotic resistance and in vitro internalization activity between cure and failure isolates and to determine whether failures are associated with persistence of the same predominant strain. METHODS: Fifty-three isolates from forty-seven patients (cure group, n = 31; failure group, n = 16) receiving one of two lansoprazole-based therapies before and/or after therapy were investigated. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Etest. Genotyping was determined by cagA, babA, vacA and RAPD analyses. Target cells of internalization assay were AGS cells. RESULTS: Five of six paired pre- and post-treatment isolates had the same predominant genetic profiles and exhibited similarly high internalization activities. The A2143G point mutation of the 23S rRNA gene conferred clarithromycin resistance. Moreover, increased antibiotic resistance after therapy was found for these five cases. Pre-treatment isolates from the failure group (n = 11) had higher level of internalization activity than those from the cure group (n = 31) (P = 0.00005). Antibiotic-resistant strains were significantly associated with higher internalization activity than were susceptible strains (metronidazole, P < 0.005; clarithromycin, P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that resistant H. pylori strains are associated with antibiotic resistance and superior internalization activity, protecting them against antibiotic treatment.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Infecciones por Helicobacter/microbiología , Helicobacter pylori/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica , Genotipo , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Helicobacter pylori/aislamiento & purificación , Helicobacter pylori/metabolismo , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Insuficiencia del Tratamiento
6.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 303(2): 640-4, 2003 Apr 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12659867

RESUMEN

In this study we investigated the roles of lipid rafts and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) in the process of VacA binding and internalization into epithelial cells. Vacuolating activity analysis in AGS, CHO cells, and a CHO-derived line that highly expresses GPI-linked fasI proteins indicated the significance of cholesterol and GPI-APs for VacA activity. Flow cytometric analysis along with VacA-cholesterol co-extraction experiments showed a cholesterol-dependent manner for VacA cell-binding activity, while GPI-APs were not related to it. Differential detergent extraction and fractionation in sucrose density gradient showed co-association of VacA and fasI with rafts on cell membranes. Subcellular distribution of fasI visualized by confocal microscope suggested that fasI trafficked via a newly defined endocytic pathway for GPI-APs in the derived line. Upon VacA intoxication, VacA was visualized to co-migrate along with fasI and finally induced vacuolation coupled with dramatic redistribution of fasI molecules. These results suggest that VacA exploits rafts for docking and entering the cell via the endocytic pathway of GPI-APs.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas/farmacocinética , Células Epiteliales/microbiología , Helicobacter pylori/fisiología , Microdominios de Membrana/microbiología , Animales , Proteínas Bacterianas/química , Células CHO , Línea Celular , Cricetinae , Citotoxinas/química , Citotoxinas/farmacocinética , Células Epiteliales/ultraestructura , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidad , Microdominios de Membrana/fisiología , Unión Proteica , Transporte de Proteínas , Vacuolas/microbiología , Vacuolas/fisiología
7.
J Clin Microbiol ; 40(10): 3860-2, 2002 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12354901

RESUMEN

Two virulence markers, cagA and babA2, were characterized by PCR in 101 Helicobacter pylori isolates from a population in Taiwan. cagA was detected in 99% of the isolates, while babA2 was present in all of the isolates. Base deletions and substitutions at the forward babA2 primer annealing sites were found. Given their high prevalence, cagA and babA2 cannot be useful markers for predicting the high-risk patients of H. pylori infection in Taiwan.


Asunto(s)
Adhesinas Bacterianas , Antígenos Bacterianos , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Infecciones por Helicobacter/microbiología , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Frecuencia de los Genes , Infecciones por Helicobacter/epidemiología , Helicobacter pylori/aislamiento & purificación , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidad , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Prevalencia , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico , Taiwán/epidemiología , Virulencia/genética
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