Nutritive Value of Wheat Bran Diets Supplemented With Fresh Carrots and Wet Brewers' Grains in Yellow Mealworm.

We evaluated the effect of supplementation of a wheat bran (WB) diet with fresh carrots (FC) or wet brewer's grains (WBG) on the growth performance and chemical composition of Tenebrio molitor larvae. Additionally, a digestibility trial was performed to determine the nutritional value of the raw materials used. The control diet was based on WB-only. Two other diets were formulated in which WB was supplemented with FC (FC diet) or with WBG (WBG diet). The experiment was conducted in trays (12 per treatment) and lasted 90 d. Larval weight, feed intake, and excreted feces were controlled in each tray the experiment. The digestibility trial was performed from 48 to 62 d post-hatch. Results showed digestibility coefficients of ashes, crude protein, and gross energy were significantly higher in FC diet compared with the other diets. Consequently, both digestible energy (DE) and digestible protein (DP) contents of FC were also significantly higher than those obtained for WB and WBG diets (on av. +1.12 megajoule [MJ] DE and +9.15 g DP per kg dry matter [DM]; P < 0.003). Mealworms fed FC diet showed significantly higher final weight and average daily gain than those fed the WBG diet (+12.4%), being higher in WBG than in WB diet (+3.5%). Dietary treatment did not affect DM, ashes, ether extract, and crude protein content of mealworms obtained. Some dietary effects on amino acid and fatty acid composition were observed. This study provides novel data and a unique experimental approach to assess the nutritional value of raw materials in mealworms.

Paper-based electrodes modified with cobalt phthalocyanine colloid for the determination of hydrogen peroxide and glucose.

Cobalt(ii) phthalocyanine (CoPc) was suspended in aqueous medium and the colloidal system was used as catalyst for the electrochemical determination of hydrogen peroxide on paper-based electrodes modified with carbon nanomaterials. H2O2 was oxidised at 0.275 V vs. Ag pseudoreference electrode. This system was adapted to develop a glucose sensor with glucose oxidase immobilized on the cellulose electrode. CoPc suspended nanoparticles acted as nanoenzyme mimicking peroxidase activity and were combined with different carbon nanomaterials to form hybrids with optimised catalytic performance. GO-CoPc paper-based electrodes yielded the best results with a linear range of ∼12 µM to 49 mM for H2O2 and 0.1 mM to 1 mM for glucose. Glucose was determined in physiological serum and juice samples with recoveries of 93.3 and 94.2% respectively. CoPc could replace HRP for the catalytic sensing of H2O2, without the need to be dissolved. This material can be used in situ in a simple protocol with other nanomaterials for electrode modification. The sensor described has the advantage of easy preparation, using the catalyst in colloidal form, long term stability, and versatility to be adapted to other low cost and disposable enzymatic systems.

Characterization of kidney complications in patients with sickle cell anemia. / Caracterización de las complicaciones renales en pacientes con anemia de células falciformes.

INTRODUCTION: Sickle cell nephropathy (SCN) is a poorly studied complication of pediatric patients. It appears in different forms, including glomerulopathy, and tubulopathies. OBJECTIVE: To describe acute and chronic renal complications in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA). PATIENTS AND METHOD: Re trospective study. Pediatric patients with confirmed diagnosis of sickle cell disease were included who had a nephro-urology study. Hemoglobin electrophoresis pattern, presence and type of renal involvement, and presence of cardiac involvement were recorded. Bivariate analysis was perfor med to compare patients with and without SCN. RESULTS: 79 patients were included, 59.5% of them were men, and the most frequent electrophoresis pattern was Hb-SS (60.9%). The SCN oc curred in 70% of patients with an average age of 114 months (RIQ 65-157). The most frequently observed alterations were glomerular hyperfiltration, microalbuminuria, acute kidney injury, ar terial hypertension, and hyposthenuria. In the bivariate analysis, an abnormal echocardiogram result was presented more frequently in patients with SCN (84.8% vs. 54.3% p = 0.01), as well as more frequent use of nephrotoxic drugs (74.5% vs. 54.2% p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that sickle cell nephropathy may occur at an early age, where glomerular hyperfiltration is very common. Cardiopulmonary complications in patients with SCA may be related to the presence of SCN.

Yin-Yang 1 transcription factor modulates ST2 expression during adverse cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: The cardioprotective effects of metformin remain poorly defined. Interleukin (IL)-33/ST2L signaling is a novel cardioprotective pathway, which is antagonized by the soluble isoform sST2. No data exist about the regulation of ST2 expression. This study aimed to evaluate the pathophysiological implication of Yin-Yang 1 (Yy1) transcription factor in cardiac remodeling and the expression of the soluble ST2 isoform. METHODS AND RESULTS: Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in Wistar rats randomly receiving metformin or saline solution by permanent ligation of the left anterior coronary artery. In addition, a model of cardiomyocyte "biochemical strain" was used. Metformin administration improved post-MI cardiac remodeling, an effect that was associated with increased IL-33 and reduced sST2 levels in the myocardium. The anti-remodeling effects of metformin were also associated with a decrease in the transcription factor Yy1 intranuclear level and lower levels of phosphorylated HDAC4 within the cytoplasmic space. These effects were also observed in a cardiomyocyte biochemical strain model, where Yy1 silencing or HDAC4 inhibition blocked sST2 production in cardiomyocytes. Metformin blocked the HDAC4 phosphorylation induced by MI, preventing its export from the nucleus to the cytosol. The presence of dephosphorylated HDAC4 in the nucleus acted as a co-repressor of Yy1, repressing sST2 expression. CONCLUSION: The transcription factor Yy1 regulates sST2 expression, and repression of Yy1 by metformin results in lower levels of sST2 that are associated with favorable myocardial remodeling. The manipulation of YY1 or its co-repressor HDAC4 emerge as new targets to modulate ST2/IL33 signaling and prevent adverse cardiac remodeling.

Longitudinal monitoring of anti-saliva antibodies as markers of repellent efficacy against Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus papatasi in dogs.

A 2-year longitudinal study of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibodies against Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) sandfly saliva was performed in 32 Beagle dogs treated preventively with an imidacloprid-permethrin topical insecticide in an endemic area in Spain. Dogs were grouped into three sandfly exposure groups according to the time of inclusion in the study. Assays analysed immunoglobulin G (IgG) against salivary gland homogenates (SGH) of both species and recombinant P. papatasi rSP32 and P. perniciosus rSP03B proteins in serum. The dogs were participating in a Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) vaccine trial and were experimentally infected with the parasite in the second year. No dog acquired natural L. infantum infections during the first year, but most developed anti-saliva antibodies, and median log-transformed optical densities (LODs) were seasonal, mimicking those of local sandflies. This indicates that the repellent efficacy of the insecticide used is below 100%. Multi-level modelling of LODs revealed variability among dogs, autocorrelation and differences according to the salivary antigen and the dog's age. However, dog seroprevalence, estimated using pre-exposure LODs as cut-offs, was relatively low. This, and the fact that dogs did not become naturally infected with L. infantum, would support the efficacy and usefulness of this imidacloprid-permethrin topical insecticide in canine leishmaniasis control.

Rpb1 foot mutations demonstrate a major role of Rpb4 in mRNA stability during stress situations in yeast.

The RPB1 mutants in the foot region of RNA polymerase II affect the assembly of the complex by altering the correct association of both the Rpb6 and the Rpb4/7 dimer. Assembly defects alter both transcriptional activity as well as the amount of enzyme associated with genes. Here, we show that the global transcriptional analysis of foot mutants reveals the activation of an environmental stress response (ESR), which occurs at a permissive temperature under optimal growth conditions. Our data indicate that the ESR that occurs in foot mutants depends mostly on a global post-transcriptional regulation mechanism which, in turn, depends on Rpb4-mRNA imprinting. Under optimal growth conditions, we propose that Rpb4 serves as a key to globally modulate mRNA stability as well as to coordinate transcription and decay. Overall, our results imply that post-transcriptional regulation plays a major role in controlling the ESR at both the transcription and mRNA decay levels.

Ag-catalysed cutting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

In this work, the cutting of carbon nanotubes is investigated using silver nanoparticles deposited on arc discharge multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The composite is subsequently heated in air to fabricate shortened multi-walled nanotubes. Complementary transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy techniques shed light on the cutting mechanism. The nanotube cutting is catalysed by the fundamental mechanism based on the coordination of the silver atoms to the π-bonds of carbon nanotubes. As a result of the metal coordination, the strength of the carbon-carbon bond is reduced, promoting the oxidation of carbon at lower temperature when heated in air, or lowering the activation energy required for the removal of carbon atoms by electron beam irradiation, assuring in both cases the cutting of the nanotubes.

Preserving fertility in women with endometrial cancer: two clinical cases.

Endometrial cancer is diagnosed increasingly in young women who wish to have children, and treatments intended to preserve fertility in these patients are becoming more common. The authors describe two women with endometrial cancer who were diagnosed and treated at our center and who needed assisted human reproductive technology, and review current knowledge based on similar cases.

Trends in the dispensation of antidepressant drugs over the past decade (2000-2010) in Andalusia, Spain.

PURPOSE: To study antidepressant drug dispensation in the Spanish region of Andalusia and in the Almeria Health Area (AHA) over the past decade, analyzing the variability, trends, and influential factors. METHODS: We conducted an observational ecological study of antidepressant drug dispensation between 2000 and 2010 in Andalusia. Dispensation was measured as Defined Daily Dose (DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants per day. A multilevel analysis (STATA 11.1) was performed to determine the variability among the basic health zones (BHZs) (2004-2010) and influential factors. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2010, the total dispensation of antidepressant drugs increased by more than 100 % in Andalusia and in the AHA. This increase was primarily caused by the greater dispensation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ATC-N06AB) and other antidepressants (ATC-N06AX). Multilevel analysis revealed a wide variability in the levels and trends of antidepressant dispensation among BHZs. Urbanicity and the percentage of immigrants in the BHZ were negatively associated with their dispensation, which was positively influenced by a higher proportion of women and over 65-year-olds in the population. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated dispensation of several groups of antidepressant drugs in this study population indicates the need for health policies to rationalize their use. Further research is required into the differences in antidepressant dispensations between immigrant and native populations and the implications for public health policies.

Quality of life in patients with different constipation subtypes based on the Rome III criteria.

BACKGROUND: Functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation are highly prevalent and affect the quality of life of those who suffer from them. AIMS: To evaluate quality of life in patients with functional constipation and irritable bowel disease in accordance with the Rome III criteria, using the PAC-QOL and SF-36 questionnaires. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires. The PAC-QOL, SF-36, and Rome III constipation module questionnaires were applied to patients that complained of constipation at the outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital. The constipation subtypes were: functional constipation (no pain), irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (pain and/or discomfort ≥3 days/month), and unclassifiable constipation (pain ≤2 days/month). Data were summarized in proportions, and group comparisons were made between the scores of each of the areas of the PAC-QOL and SF-36 questionnaires using parametric tests (Student's t test and ANOVA). RESULTS: A total of 43 PAC-QOL surveys were analyzed, resulting in cases of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (14%), functional constipation (37%), and unclassifiable constipation (49%). There were statistically significant differences (P<.05) in Physical discomfort (irritable bowel syndrome with constipation vs. functional constipation and unclassifiable constipation vs. irritable bowel syndrome with constipation), Worries and concerns (irritable bowel syndrome with constipation vs. functional constipation), and Treatment satisfaction (irritable bowel syndrome with constipation vs. functional constipation and unclassifiable constipation vs. irritable bowel syndrome with constipation). A total of 93 SF-36 questionnaires were analyzed, describing cases of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (23%), functional constipation (27%), and unclassifiable constipation (51%). Lower physical energy was found in relation to irritable bowel syndrome with constipation vs. functional constipation (P<.0221) and unclassifiable constipation (P<.0086), respectively, and there was greater physical pain in the cases of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation vs. unclassifiable constipation (P<.0362). CONCLUSIONS: Differences in quality of life of patients presenting with constipation subtypes were identified using the PAC-QOL and SF-36 questionnaires. The patients that had the irritable bowel syndrome with constipation subtype experienced poorer quality of life in all the evaluated domains.

Towards a paradigm shift in the treatment of chronic Chagas disease.

Treatment for Chagas disease with currently available medications is recommended universally only for acute cases (all ages) and for children up to 14 years old. The World Health Organization, however, also recommends specific antiparasite treatment for all chronic-phase Trypanosoma cruzi-infected individuals, even though in current medical practice this remains controversial, and most physicians only prescribe palliative treatment for adult Chagas patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The present opinion, prepared by members of the NHEPACHA network (Nuevas Herramientas para el Diagnóstico y la Evaluación del Paciente con Enfermedad de Chagas/New Tools for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Chagas Disease Patients), reviews the paradigm shift based on clinical and immunological evidence and argues in favor of antiparasitic treatment for all chronic patients. We review the tools needed to monitor therapeutic efficacy and the potential criteria for evaluation of treatment efficacy beyond parasitological cure. Etiological treatment should now be mandatory for all adult chronic Chagas disease patients.

Trypanosoma cruzi genotyping supports a common source of infection in a school-related oral outbreak of acute Chagas disease in Venezuela.

Trypanosoma cruzi I, a discrete typing unit (DTU) found in human infections in Venezuela and other countries of the northern region of South America and in Central America, has been recently classified into five intra-DTU genotypes (Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie) based on sequence polymorphisms found in the spliced leader intergenic region. In this paper we report the genotype identification of T. cruzi human isolates from one outbreak of acute orally acquired Chagas disease that occurred in a non-endemic region of Venezuela and from T. cruzi triatomine and rat isolates captured at a guava juice preparation site which was identified as the presumptive source of infection. The genotyping of all these isolates as TcId supports the view of a common source of infection in this oral Chagas disease outbreak through the ingestion of guava juice. Implications for clinical manifestations and dynamics of transmission cycles are discussed.

Use of dry citrus pulp or soybean hulls as a replacement for corn grain in energy and nitrogen partitioning, methane emissions, and milk performance in lactating Murciano-Granadina goats.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of substitution of dietary corn grain by dry citrus pulp or soybean hulls on energy and nitrogen partitioning, substrate oxidation, methane emission, and milk performance in dairy goats during midlactation. Twelve multiparous Murciano-Granadina goats of similar body weight (41.7 ± 2.8 kg) were split in 3 groups in an incomplete crossover design. One group of 4 goats was fed a mixed ration with 605 g/kg of dry matter of corn grain (CRG), another group replaced corn grain with dry citrus pulp (CTP), and the last with soybean hulls (SYH). The goats were allocated to individual metabolism cages. After 14 d of adaptation, feed intake, total fecal and urine output, and milk yield were recorded daily over a 5-d period. Then, gas exchange measurements were recorded by a mobile open-circuit indirect calorimetry system using a head box. Dry matter intake was similar for all 3 groups (1.53 kg/d, on average). Total replacement of the concentrate with fibrous by-products increased fiber apparent digestibility. The metabolizable energy intake was significantly greater for diet CRG than SYH (1,193 vs. 1,079 kJ/kg of BW°·75, respectively), CTP showed an intermediate value. The heat production was higher for the fiber diet than starchy diet (908 vs. 843 kJ/kg of BW°·75 for SYH and CRG, respectively). The efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for milk production obtained by regression was 0.59. Goats fed CTP and SYH diets produced similar CH4 emissions (34.8 g/d, on average), significantly higher compared with goats fed the CRG diet (24.7 g/d). Goats of the 3 treatments were in negative energy balance, so the oxidation of fat was greater than for carbohydrates. No significant differences were observed for milk production (1.72 kg/d), and milk fat was significantly greater for a more fibrous diet compared with a starchy diet (6.57 vs. 4.95% in SYH and CRG, respectively).

A morphological and molecular approach to investigating infectious disease in early medieval Iberia: The necropolis of La Olmeda (Palencia, Spain).

OBJECTIVE: Here we investigate infectious diseases that potentially contribute to osteological lesions in individuals from the early medieval necropolis of La Olmeda (6th-11th c. CE) in North Iberia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied a minimum number of 268 individuals (33 adult females; 38 adult males, 77 unknown/indeterminate sex; and 120 non-adults), including articulated and commingled remains. Individuals with differential diagnoses suggesting chronic systemic infectious diseases were sampled and bioinformatically screened for ancient pathogen DNA. RESULTS: Five non-adults (and no adults) presented skeletal evidence of chronic systemic infectious disease (1.87% of the population; 4.67% of non-adults). The preferred diagnoses for these individuals included tuberculosis, brucellosis, and malaria. Ancient DNA fragments assigned to the malaria-causing pathogen, Plasmodium spp., were identified in three of the five individuals. Observed pathology includes lesions generally consistent with malaria; however, additional lesions in two of the individuals may represent hitherto unknown variation in the skeletal manifestation of this disease or co-infection with tuberculosis or brucellosis. Additionally, spondylolysis was observed in one individual with skeletal lesions suggestive of infectious disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study sheds light on the pathological landscape in Iberia during a time of great social, demographic, and environmental change. Genetic evidence challenges the hypothesis that malaria was absent from early medieval Iberia and demonstrates the value of combining osteological and archaeogenetic methods. Additionally, all of the preferred infectious diagnoses for the individuals included in this study (malaria, tuberculosis, and brucellosis) could have contributed to the febrile cases described in historical sources from this time.

Polymorphisms of CCR5, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-10 genes in Cuban HIV/AIDS patients.

INTRODUCTION: Genetic studies have shown associations of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with different rates of progression and variation in susceptibility to HIV infection. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of ccr5Δ32, IL-6-174G/C, IFN-γ+874T/A and IL-10-1082A/G polymorphisms in Cuban HIV-infected patients and a group of sero-discordant couples to assess their influence on risk and disease progression. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 120 subjects registered at the Institute of Tropical Medicine «Pedro Kour¼ (IPK) and the Ameijeiras Hospital from June 2018 until December 2019. The amplification of fragments of the ccr5, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-10 genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction followed by identification of polymorphisms using the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for IL-6 with the restriction enzymes Nla III. Amplification Refractory Mutation System was used for IFN-γ and IL-10 genes. RESULTS: The allelic and genotypic distributions of the genes ccr5, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-10 did not differ significantly between the two groups. Cell counts and plasma viral load values did not differ significantly between genotypes of the ccr5, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-10 genes. Only the IL-6 GC genotype was associated with higher viral load values. The combination of alleles of the four considered SNPs showed a highly significant increase in the risk of HIV infection for one of them, but with a very low frequency (<1%). CONCLUSION: This study contributes to evaluating the frequency of these polymorphisms and their influence on biomarkers of the progression of HIV infection in the Cuban HIV-population.

In vitro activity of cefiderocol and other newly approved antimicrobials against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens recovered in intensive care units in Spain and Portugal.

OBJECTIVE: The antimicrobial resistance is a significant public health threat, particularly for healthcare-associated infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens which are increasingly reported worldwide. The aim of this study was to provide data on the in vitro antimicrobial activity of cefiderocol and that of commercially available comparator antibiotics against a defined collection of recent clinical multi-drug resistant (MDR) microorganisms, including carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacteria collected from different regions in Spain and Portugal. METHODS: A total of 477 clinical isolates of Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were prospectively (n=265) and retrospectively (n=212) included (2016-2019). Susceptibility testing was performed using standard broad microdilution and results were interpreted using CLSI-2021 and EUCAST-2021 criteria. RESULTS: Overall, cefiderocol showed a good activity against Enterobacterales isolates, being 99.5% susceptible by CLSI and 94.5% by EUCAST criteria. It also demonstrated excellent activity against P. aeruginosa and S. maltophilia isolates, all being susceptible to this compound considering CLSI breakpoints. Regarding A. baumannii (n=64), only one isolate was resistant to cefiderocol. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are in agreement with other studies performed outside Spain and Portugal highlighting its excellent activity against MDR gram-negative bacteria. Cefiderocol is a therapeutic alternative to those available for the treatment of infections caused by these MDR bacteria.

Benznidazole treatment reduces the induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzymatic activity in Chagas disease symptomatic patients.

The enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase (IDO) is critical for the regulation of immune responses in pro-tolerogenic antigen-presenting cell. To address the profile of immune responses associated with Chagas disease, we measured IDO activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 168 chronic patients and 13 healthy donors. We found that IDO activity was increased in patients with Chagas disease when compared with controls. Moreover, the IDO activity of patients with Chagas disease in the symptomatic chronic phase, involving cardiac or digestive alterations, was higher than that detected in asymptomatic patients and correlated with the severity of the symptoms. Furthermore, benznidazole treatment induced a long-lasting decrease in IDO activity in symptomatic patients, reaching levels comparable with those of healthy donors. These results suggest that a pro-tolerogenic state is associated with the severity of Chagas disease and that benznidazole treatment is a valuable tool for breaking the parasite-driven immune tolerance in the symptomatic chronic phase of Chagas disease.

Molecular characterization of calcineurin B from the non-virulent Trypanosoma rangeli kinetoplastid indicates high gene conservation.

Calcineurin B, the regulatory subunit of calcineurin, a serine/threonine protein phosphatase, is highly conserved throughout the evolutionary scale including trypanosomatids such as Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania major. Thus, in these flagellates the protein is required for mammalian host cell invasion and virulence and stress responses. With the aim of determining the presence of calcineurin B in Trypanosoma rangeli, a non-virulent trypanosome for mammals, the respective gene was amplified by PCR, cloned and sequenced. Two sequences of 531 bp in length showing a nucleotide polymorphism (314A>C) were obtained in spite of a single-copy gene was revealed by Southern blot. These sequences, probably the alleles from the gene, showed a 79% of identity with those from T. cruzi and clustered as the sister group of this trypanosome species in a Maximum Parsimony analysis. Deduced amino acid sequence comparison with trypanosomatids and other organisms through the phylogenetic scale as well as the obtained protein structural homology model suggested the presence of the four potential EF-hand regions and the corresponding calcium binding sites of the last three of these domains. Having assessed the expression of this protein in T. rangeli epimastigotes, and taking into account the following facts: (i) calcineurin inhibitors have inhibitory effect on the in vitro replication of T. cruzi, (ii) L. major promastigote growth is inhibited by chelating agents, and (iii) T. rangeli does not seem to productively infect mammalian cells, it is hypothesized herein that the function of this protein in T. rangeli is required for epimastigote growth.

Energy partitioning and substrate oxidation by Murciano-Granadina goats during mid lactation fed soy hulls and corn gluten feed blend as a replacement for corn grain.

The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of substituting corn grain by soy hulls and corn gluten feed blend on energy partitioning, substrate oxidation, and milk performance in dairy goats during mid lactation. Ten multiparous Murciano-Granadina goats in mid lactation were fed 2 isoenergetic and isoproteic diets [19.08MJ/kg of dry matter (DM) and 18.7% of CP, DM basis] in a crossover design. One group of 5 goats was fed a mixed ration with 373g of corn grain/kg of DM (CRN diet) and the other diet replaced corn grain with 373g/kg DM of fibrous by-products [soy hulls and gluten feed (SHGF) diet]: 227g of soy hulls/kg of DM and 146g of gluten feed blend/kg DM. Fat was added to the SHGF diet to make it isoenergetic. After 10d of adaptation, the feed intake, refusal, total fecal and urine output, and milk yield were recorded daily over a 5-d period. Then, gas exchange measurements were recorded by a mobile open-circuit respirometry system using a head box for 10d. Dry matter intake was similar for both diets (2.07kg/d, on average). Greater and significant values were found in the SHGF diet for ammonia N, energy in urine, and oxidation of protein. Values were significantly lower for heat production of fermentation, indicating a decrease in rumen fermentation with this diet, probably due to an excess of crude protein in the diet and lack of synchronization of the nonfiber carbohydrates with rumen-degraded protein. The metabolizable energy intake was no different between CRN and SHGF treatments, with an average value of 1,444kJ/kg of BW(0.75). Due to the positive energy balance during mid lactation in this trial, most of the heat production from oxidation of nutrients derived from carbohydrate oxidation (55%, on average), followed by oxidation of fat (29%, on average). No significant differences were observed for milk production, although milk fat was significantly greater for the SHGF diet than the CRN diet (7.0 vs. 5.4%, respectively). Despite the different starch levels and fibrous content used in these mixed diets, no significant differences for the efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for late lactation were observed (0.63, on average). An average nutritive value of 7.52MJ of net energy of lactation/kg of DM was obtained. This fibrous by-product was utilized by lactating goats without detrimental effect on energy metabolism and resulted in similar performance to grain bases diet. The economic advantages and sustainability of this choice should be evaluated.