RESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Histology is the gold standard for the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, the negative predictive value of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for the diagnosis remains low. The aims of this prospective multicenter study were: (1) to compare the performance of contrast-harmonic EUS (CH-EUS) with that of EUS-FNA for the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma; (2) to assess the intra- and interobserver concordances of CH-EUS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 100 consecutive patients with a solid pancreatic mass of unknown origin were prospectively included at three centers (July 2009â-âApril 2010). All patients were examined by CH-EUS followed by EUS-FNA. Absence of vascular enhancement at CH-EUS was regarded as a sign for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The final diagnosis (gold standard) was based on pathological examination (EUS-FNA, surgery) or 12-month follow-up.â RESULTS: The final diagnoses were: 69 adenocarcinoma, 10 neuroendocrine tumors, 13 chronic pancreatitis, and 8 other lesions. In diagnosing adenocarcinoma, CH-EUS and EUS-FNA had respective accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 95â%, 96â%, 94â%, 97â%, and 91â%, and of 95â%, 93â%, 100â%, 100â%, and 86â% without significant difference. Five false-negative cases with EUS-FNA were correctly classified by CH-EUS.âInterobserver agreement (seven endosonographers) was good (kappa 0.66). Intraobserver agreement was good to excellent (kappa 0.76 for junior, 0.90 for senior). CONCLUSIONS: The performance of CH-EUS for the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma was excellent. The good intra- and interobserver concordances suggest an excellent reproducibility. CH-EUS could help to guide the choice between surgery and follow-up when EUS-FNA is inconclusive.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Biopsia por Aspiración con Aguja Fina Guiada por Ultrasonido Endoscópico , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Medios de Contraste , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Francia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tumores Neuroendocrinos/patología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Fosfolípidos , Estudios Prospectivos , Hexafluoruro de Azufre , Ultrasonografía Doppler , Grabación en VideoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Clitoral metastasis from breast cancer is extremely rare. CASE: A 68-year-old woman with a 6-year previous history of breast cancer consulted her physician regarding a papillary and ulcerated clitoral lesion consistent with the appearance of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. We analyzed the literature. Biopsy showed a ductal breast carcinoma with strongly positive estrogen and progesterone receptors. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic area showed a second site on the right labium majus. Multiples metastases were detected. A right hemivulvectomy including the clitoris was performed, removing the 2 vulvar lesions. A nodule in the right breast and a cutaneaous lesion under the mastectomy scar were also removed. She refused chemotherapy, and initial hormonal therapy with anastrozole was switched to letrozol. CONCLUSIONS: First, breast carcinoma on the vulva has 2 origins: primary breast carcinoma corresponding to ectopic breast tissue and--less frequently--breast cancer metastasis to the vulva. Second, the treatment of vulvar breast metastasis is the same as it would be on other sites: maximal reduction of the tumoral mass followed by chemotherapy-hormonal therapy.