Genetic variants of interleukin 1B and 6 are associated with clinical outcome of surgically treated lumbar degenerative disc disease.

BACKGROUND: Successfully surgically treating degenerative disc diseases can be challenging to the spine surgeons, the long-term outcome relies on both the physical and mental status of the patient before and after treatment. Numerous studies underlined the role of inflammatory cytokines - like interleukin 1B and 6 - in the development of chronic diseases such as failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) and major depressive disorder (MDD) which alter the outcome after spinal surgery. Our aim was to evaluate the associations of IL6 and IL1B gene polymorphisms with the long-term outcome of degenerative lumbar spine surgeries. METHODS: An international genetical database (GENODISC) was combined with our institute's clinical database to create a large pool with long term follow up data. Altogether 431 patient's data were analysed. Patient reported outcome measures and surgical outcome was investigated in association with IL1B and IL6 SNPs with the help of 'SNPassoc' R genome wide association package. RESULTS: Interleukin 1B variants analysis confirmed association with improvement of pain after surgery on individual SNP level and on haplotype level, moreover relationship with patient reported outcome and preoperative level of depression was found on individual SNP level. IL6 variants were associated with preoperative depression, somatization and with subsequent surgery. CONCLUSION: Understanding the complexity of spinal surgery patients' long-term well-being is crucial in effectively treating chronic debilitating somatic diseases and the associated mental illnesses. Further studies should investigate more comprehensively the linkage of chronic physical and mental illnesses focusing on their simultaneous treatment.

Stereophotogrammetric approaches to multi-segmental kinematics of the thoracolumbar spine: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Spine disorders are becoming more prevalent in today's ageing society. Motion abnormalities have been linked to the prevalence and recurrence of these disorders. Various protocols exist to measure thoracolumbar spine motion, but a standard multi-segmental approach is still missing. This study aims to systematically evaluate the literature on stereophotogrammetric motion analysis approaches to quantify thoracolumbar spine kinematics in terms of measurement reliability, suitability of protocols for clinical application and clinical significance of the resulting functional assessment. METHODS: Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect) were searched until February 2022. Studies published in English, investigating the intersegmental kinematics of the thoracolumbar spine using stereophotogrammetric motion analysis were identified. All information relating to measurement reliability; measurement suitability and clinical significance was extracted from the studies identified. RESULTS: Seventy-four studies met the inclusion criteria. 33% of the studies reported on the repeatability of their measurement. In terms of suitability, only 35% of protocols were deemed suitable for clinical application. The spinous processes of C7, T3, T6, T12, L1, L3 and L5 were the most widely used landmarks. The spine segment definitions were, however, found to be inconsistent among studies. Activities of daily living were the main tasks performed. Comparable results between protocols are however still missing. CONCLUSION: The literature to date offers various stereophotogrammetric protocols to quantify the multi-segmental motion of the thoracolumbar spine, without a standard guideline being followed. From a clinical point of view, the approaches are still limited. Further research is needed to define a precise motion analysis protocol in terms of segment definition and clinical relevance.

Feasibility of achieving planned surgical margins in primary spine tumor: a PTRON study.

OBJECTIVE: Oncological resection of primary spine tumors is associated with lower recurrence rates. However, even in the most experienced hands, the execution of a meticulously drafted plan sometimes fails. The objectives of this study were to determine how successful surgical teams are at achieving planned surgical margins and how successful surgeons are in intraoperatively assessing tumor margins. The secondary objective was to identify factors associated with successful execution of planned resection. METHODS: The Primary Tumor Research and Outcomes Network (PTRON) is a multicenter international prospective registry for the management of primary tumors of the spine. Using this registry, the authors compared 1) the planned surgical margin and 2) the intraoperative assessment of the margin by the surgeon with the postoperative assessment of the margin by the pathologist. Univariate analysis was used to assess whether factors such as histology, size, location, previous radiotherapy, and revision surgery were associated with successful execution of the planned margins. RESULTS: Three hundred patients were included. The surgical plan was successfully achieved in 224 (74.7%) patients. The surgeon correctly assessed the intraoperative margins, as reported in the final assessment by the pathologist, in 239 (79.7%) patients. On univariate analysis, no factor had a statistically significant influence on successful achievement of planned margins. CONCLUSIONS: In high-volume cancer centers around the world, planned surgical margins can be achieved in approximately 75% of cases. The morbidity of the proposed intervention must be balanced with the expected success rate in order to optimize patient management and surgical decision-making.

Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with disc degeneration.

PURPOSE: Numerous candidate genes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in the background of lumbar disc degeneration (LDD). However, in most of these underpowered studies, definitions of LDD are inconsistent; moreover, many of the findings have not been replicated and are contradictory. Our aim was to characterize LDD by well-defined phenotypes and possible endophenotypes and analyse the association between these and candidate vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms on a large (N = 1426) dataset. METHODS: Seven candidate VDR SNPs were genotyped. Individual association, haplotype and gene-gene interaction analyses were performed. All degenerative endophenotypes were significantly associated with one or more candidate VDR gene variants. RESULTS: Haplotype analyses confirmed the association between the 3'-end VDR variants (BsmI, ApaI, TaqI) and Modic changes as well as the relationship of 5'-end variants (Cdx2, A1012G) with endplate defects. We also found significant interactions between the 3'- and 5'-end regulatory regions and endplate defects. Based on our results, VDR and its gene variants are highly associated with specific degenerative LDD endophenotypes. CONCLUSION: Understanding relationships between phenotype and gene variants is crucial for describing the pathways leading to the multifactorial, polygenic degeneration process and LDD-related conditions. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

Correction to: Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with disc degeneration.

Unfortunately, the following reference was missed out in the original publication.

Association of neurologic deficits with surgical outcomes and health-related quality of life after treatment for metastatic epidural spinal cord compression.

BACKGROUND: A critical knowledge gap exists regarding the impact of neurologic deficits on surgical outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for patients surgically treated for metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC). METHODS: This prospective, multicenter and international study analyzed the impact of the neurologic status on functional status, HRQOL, and postoperative survival. The collected data included the patient demographics, overall survival, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale, Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score, treatment details and complications and HRQOL measures, including version 2 of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36v2) and version 2.0 of the Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire (SOSGOQ2.0). RESULTS: A total of 239 patients surgically treated for spinal metastases were included. Six weeks after treatment, 99 of the 108 patients with a preoperative ASIA grade of E remained stable, 8 deteriorated to ASIA D, and 1 deteriorated to ASIA A. Of 55 patients with ASIA D, 27 improved to ASIA E, 27 remained stable and 1 deteriorated to ASIA C. Of 11 patients with ASIA A to C, 2 improved to ASIA E, 4 improved to ASIA D, and 5 remained stable. At the 6- and 12-week follow-up, better ASIA scores were associated with better scores on multiple SF-36v2 and SOSGOQ items. Postoperatively, patients with ASIA grades of A to D were more likely to have urinary tract infections and wound complications. Patients with a baseline ASIA grade of E or D survived significantly longer. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with neurologic deficits due to MESCC have worse HRQOL and decreased overall survival. Nevertheless, surgery can result in stabilization or improvement of neurologic function which may translate into better HRQOL. Postoperative care and follow-up are challenging for patients with neurologic deficits because they experience more complications.

Patient satisfaction with treatment outcomes after surgery and/or radiotherapy for spinal metastases.

BACKGROUND: Patient satisfaction is infrequently investigated despite its importance in assessing efficacy and patient comprehension. The purpose of this study was to investigate patient satisfaction with treatment outcomes after surgery and/or radiotherapy for spinal metastases and to evaluate how health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is related to patient satisfaction. METHODS: Patients with spinal metastases treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy were enrolled in a prospective, international, observational study. Demographic, histologic, treatment, and HRQOL data were collected. HRQOL was evaluated with the Numeric Rating Scale pain score, the 3-level version of the EuroQol 5-Dimension (EQ-5D-3L) instrument, and the Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire (SOSGOQ2.0). Patient satisfaction was derived from the SOSGOQ2.0 at 6, 12, and 26 weeks after treatment. Patients were classified as satisfied, neutral, or dissatisfied. RESULTS: Twelve weeks after treatment, 183 of the surgically treated patients (84%) were satisfied, and only 11 (5%) were dissatisfied; in contrast, 101 of the patients treated with radiotherapy alone (77%) were satisfied, and only 7 (5%) were dissatisfied. Significant improvements in pain, physical function, mental health, social function, leg function, and EQ-5D were associated with satisfaction after surgery. Satisfaction after radiotherapy was associated with significant improvements in pain, mental health, and overall SOSGOQ2.0 scores. Dissatisfaction after treatment was associated with lower baseline values for leg strength and lower social functioning scores for surgically treated patients and with lower social functioning scores and being single for patients treated with radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of satisfaction with treatment outcomes are observed after surgery and/or radiotherapy for spinal metastases. Posttreatment satisfaction is associated with significant improvements in pain and different dimensions of HRQOL.

Indirect foraminal decompression and improvement in the lumbar alignment after percutaneous cement discoplasty.

PURPOSE: Percutaneous cement discoplasty (PCD) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure, that can provide a segmental stabilizing and indirect decompression effect in case of severely degenerated discs characterized by vacuum phenomenon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of PCD on spinopelvic radiological parameters and their associations with the clinical outcome. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected dataset of 28 patients (112 lumbar segments) who underwent single- or multilevel PCD was performed. Spinopelvic, intrasegmental and intersegmental parameters were measured on lumbar X-rays pre-, postoperatively and 6 months after the surgery. Correlations between radiological parameters and clinical outcome data were determined. RESULTS: Sacral slope significantly increased (p < .001), and pelvic tilt (p < .05) was decreased after the PCD procedure. Segmental and total lordosis (p < .05, p < .05) disc and foraminal height showed significantly increase (p < .001, p < .001) after procedure. Pain and disability (ODI) significantly decreased due to PCD. An association was found between postoperative increase in SS and improvement in ODI (r = 0.39, p < .05). The change in low back pain was correlated with segmental scoliosis correction (p < .001). Moderate correlation was detected between the increase in disc height and ODI (p < .05) as well as leg pain (p < .01). CONCLUSION: PCD is an effective minimally invasive technique to treat axial pain and disability related to severe lumbar disc degeneration. Our study shows that an improvement in lumbar alignment and a significant indirect foraminal decompression could be achieved with the procedure. These changes can significantly contribute to the pain relief and increase in the patients' functional capacity. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

Attitude of spine surgeons towards the application of 3D technologies - a survey of AOSpine members.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: 3D technologies (3D virtual and physical model, 3D printing, computer aided engineering, finite element analysis based simulations) play an important role in personalized spine surgery. Objective - In collaboration with AOSpine a global, online survey-based study was performed in order to determine the acceptance rate and the factors which stand against the wider spread of 3D technologies. METHODS: A survey containing 21 questions was developed and divided into five pages, every page corresponding to one chapter. Our analysis is based on the responses of 282 spine surgeons from 57 countries. To interpret our results in a global context, we used the Human Development Index of the respondent's countries in comparisons. RESULTS: Significant difference between the AOSpine regions (p ≤ 0.05) was found, with the highest acceptance in Asia-Pacific region. There was no significant difference in acceptance score according to the field of spine surgery, or the surgical experience in years (p=0.77, and p=0.19). In the case of public practice, we found significantly higher acceptance compared to private and mixed (public and private) surgical practice (p ≤ 0.05). The acceptance of the technology varied based on the respondent's resident country's Human Development Index and was significantly different between "Medium" vs "Very high" (p = 0.0005) and "High" vs "Very high" (p=0.019) category. Significant positive correlation was found between the acceptance score and the HDI score (Spearman test, ρ = 0.37, p = 0.007). The main limitation factor was identified as the lack of information. CONCLUSION: There is high interest among spine surgeons towards the incorporation of 3D technologies into the clinical practice. Education, the healthcare system, and the economic environment plays a major role in acceptance. Our results provide the basis of a strategy to promote the application of 3D technologies.

Risk factors of non-specific spinal pain in childhood.

PURPOSE: Non-specific spinal pain can occur at all ages and current evidence suggests that pediatric non-specific spinal pain is predictive for adult spinal conditions. A 5-year long, prospective cohort study was conducted to identify the lifestyle and environmental factors leading to non-specific spinal pain in childhood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected from school children aged 7-16 years, who were randomly selected from three different geographic regions in Hungary. The risk factors were measured with a newly developed patient-reported questionnaire (PRQ). The quality of the instrument was assessed by the reliability with the test-retest method. Test (N = 952) and validity (N = 897) datasets were randomly formed. Risk factors were identified with uni- and multivariate logistic regression models and the predictive performance of the final model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method. RESULTS: The final model was built up by seven risk factors for spinal pain for days; age > 12 years, learning or watching TV for more than 2 h/day, uncomfortable school-desk, sleeping problems, general discomfort and positive familiar medical history (χ2 = 101.07; df = 8; p < 0.001). The probabilistic performance was confirmed with ROC analysis on the test and validation cohorts (AUC = 0.76; 0.71). A simplified risk scoring system showed increasing possibility for non-specific spinal pain depending on the number of the identified risk factors (χ2 = 65.0; df = 4; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Seven significant risk factors of non-specific spinal pain in childhood were identified using the new, easy to use and reliable PRQ which makes it possible to stratify the children according to their individual risk. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

[Change of paradigm in the surgical treatment of metastatic diseases of the bone. Part II. Treatment of spinal metastases]. / Paradigmaváltás a csontmetasztázisok sebészetében. II. Gerincmetasztázisok kezelése.

The incidence of spinal metastases is constantly growing, but due to the advancements in oncologic treatment methods, the survival and the quality of life of the patients are persistently improving. Choosing the optimal treatment method is essential, and several factors should be considered: type of the primary tumor, segmental stability, the symptoms caused by the metastasis and the general condition of the patient. Using modern radiotherapeutic methods combined with minimally invasive surgical techniques (minimally invasive stabilization, separation surgery) in the majority of patients permits adequate local control with low complication rate. In our review, we describe the state-of-the-art, modern spinal metastasis treatment options based on the recently published evidence. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(8): 297-302.

Association between paraspinal muscle morphology, clinical symptoms and functional status in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.

PURPOSE: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a disabling condition associated with narrowing of the spinal canal or vertebral foramina. Paraspinal muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration have been reported in patients with chronic LBP and disc herniation. However, very few imaging studies have examined paraspinal muscle morphology and composition in patients with LSS. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of paraspinal muscle size, composition and asymmetry with functional status in patients with LSS. METHODS: Thirty-six patients diagnosed with LSS at L4-L5 with neurogenic claudication were included. Paraspinal muscle measurements were obtained from axial T2-weighted MR images, bilaterally, at the level of the superior and inferior vertebral endplates of L5. Muscle measurements of interest included: total cross-sectional area (CSA), functional CSA (FCSA), the ratio of FCSA to CSA (FCSA/CSA) as an indicator of muscle composition, and relative % asymmetry in muscle CSA. The association between muscle parameters and other patient characteristics with function as indicated from Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores and pain interference status was investigated. RESULTS: Greater multifidus muscle fatty infiltration (e.g., lower FCSA/CSA) and lower psoas relative CSA were associated with lower function (higher ODI and pain interference scores) in univariable and multivariable analyses. There was no association between the different muscle parameters and stenosis severity or back or leg pain duration or severity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an association of multifidus muscle fatty infiltration and psoas muscle size with functional status in patients diagnosed with LSS. Future prospective studies are needed to evaluate whether such muscle parameters are associated with prognosis and functional recovery following surgical treatment.

Paraspinal muscle asymmetry and fat infiltration in patients with symptomatic disc herniation.

PURPOSE: To investigate asymmetry in size and composition of the multifidus and erector spinae in patients with posterolateral disc herniation and concordant radicular symptoms, and determine whether symptom duration is associated with degree of asymmetry. METHODS: Thirty-three patients diagnosed with posterolateral disc herniation at L4-L5 verified on imaging and concordant leg pain were included. Multifidus and erector spinae cross-sectional area (CSA), functional cross-sectional area (FCSA, fat-free area), signal intensity and ratio of FCSA to total CSA were measured bilaterally from T 2-weighted axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at L3-L4, L4-L5, L5-S1 and S1 levels. RESULTS: No side-to-side differences in multifidus CSA, FCSA, and ratio of FCSA/CSA reached statistical significance at any spinal level. The multifidus signal intensity at L5-S1 was significantly greater (more fatty infiltration) on the side of the disc herniation. The erector spinae FCSA (lean muscle mass) at L5-S1 was found to be significantly smaller on the side of the herniation and the ratio of FCSA/CSA was smaller (more fatty infiltration) on the side of the herniation at L4-L5 and L5-S1. The degree of muscle asymmetry was not associated with symptoms duration. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant asymmetry of the multifidus at spinal level above, same or level below the disc herniation. Instead, variations in muscle composition were observed, with greater fat infiltration on the side and at spinal levels adjacent to the disc herniation. Muscle asymmetry was not correlated with symptom duration.

Intervertebral disc classification by its degree of degeneration from T2-weighted magnetic resonance images.

PURPOSE: The primary goal of this article is to achieve an automatic and objective method to compute the Pfirrmann's degeneration grade of intervertebral discs (IVD) from MRI. This grading system is used in the diagnosis and management of patients with low back pain (LBP). In addition, biomechanical models, which are employed to assess the treatment on patients with LBP, require this grading value to compute proper material properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: T2-weighted MR images of 48 patients were employed in this work. The 240 lumbar IVDs were divided into a training set (140) and a testing set (100). Three experts manually classified the whole set of IVDs using the Pfirrmann's grading system and the ground truth was selected as the most voted value among them. The developed method employs active contour models to delineate the boundaries of the IVD. Subsequently, the classification is achieved using a trained Neural Network (NN) with eight designed features that contain shape and intensity information of the IVDs. RESULTS: The classification method was evaluated using the testing set, resulting in a mean specificity (95.5 %) and sensitivity (87.3 %) comparable to those of every expert with respect to the ground truth. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the automatic method and humans perform equally well in terms of the classification accuracy. However, human annotations have inherent inter- and intra-observer variabilities, which lead to inconsistent assessments. In contrast, the proposed automatic method is objective, being only dependent on the input MRI.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Hungarian version of the Core Outcome Measures Index for the back (COMI Back).

PURPOSE: The Core Outcome Measure Index (COMI) is a short, multidimensional outcome instrument developed for the evaluation of patients with spinal conditions. The aim of this study was to produce a cross-culturally adapted and validated Hungarian version of the COMI Back questionnaire. METHODS: A cross-cultural adaptation of the COMI into Hungarian was carried out using established guidelines. Low back pain patients completed a booklet of questionnaires containing the Hungarian versions of COMI, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and WHO Quality of Life-BREF assessment (WHOQOL-BREF). The validation of the COMI included assessment of its construct validity, reliability, and responsiveness. RESULTS: 145 patients participated in the assessment of reliability and 159 surgically treated patients were included in the responsiveness study. Excellent correlation was found between COMI and ODI scores (rho = 0.83, p < 0.01). The COMI showed a very good correlation with the physical subscale of WHOQOL-BREF (rho = -0.75, p < 0.01) and pain (rho = 0.68, p < 0.01). Test-retest analysis showed that Hungarian COMI is a reliable measurement tool (ICC = 0.92) with an acceptable standard error of measurement (SEM = 0.59) and minimum detectable change (MDC = 1.63). Internal responsiveness analysis indicated a large effect size (1.16) for the change in COMI score after lumbar surgery. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the COMI score compared with the global outcome of the surgery was 0.87. CONCLUSION: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the COMI into the Hungarian language was successful, resulting in a reliable and valid measurement tool with good clinimetric properties.

[Vitamin D metabolism and signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma and surrounding non-tumorous liver]. / A D-vitamin metabolizmusa humán hepatocellularis carcinomában és az azt körülvevo tumormentes májszövetben.

INTRODUCTION: 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3 mediates antitumor effects in hepatocellular carcinoma. AIM: We examined mRNA and protein expression differences in 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3-inactivating CYP24A1, mRNA of activating CYP27B1 enzymes, and that of VDR between human hepatocellular carcinoma and surrounding non-tumorous liver. METHODS: Snap-frozen tissues from 13 patients were studied for mRNA and protein expression of CYP24A1. Paraffin-embedded tissues from 36 patients were used to study mRNA of VDR and CYP27B1. mRNA expression was measured by RT-PCR, CYP24A1 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Expression of VDR and CYP27B1 was significantly lower in hepatocellular carcinoma compared with non-tumorous liver (p<0.05). The majority of the HCC samples expressed CYP24A1 mRNA, but neither of the non-tumorous liver. The gene activation was followed by CYP24A1 protein synthesis. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of CYP24A1 mRNA and the reduced expression of VDR and CYP27B1 mRNA in human hepatocellular carcinoma samples indicate decreased bioavailability of 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3, providing an escape mechanism from the anti-tumor effect. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(48), 1910-1918.

Surgical treatment of sacral chordoma: prognostic variables for local recurrence and overall survival.

PURPOSE: Sacral chordomas (SC) are rare, locally invasive, malignant neoplasms. Despite surgical resection and adjuvant therapies, local recurrence (LR) is common and overall survival (OS) is poor. The objective of this study was to identify prognostic factors that have an impact on the local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and OS of patients with SC. METHODS: Utilizing the AOSpine Knowledge Forum Tumor multicenter ambispective database, surgically treated SC cases were identified. Cox regression modeling was used to assess the effect of several clinically relevant variables on OS and LRFS. RESULTS: A total of 167 patients with surgically treated SC were identified. The male/female ratio was 98/69 with a mean age of 57 ± 15 years at the time of surgery. The LR was 35% (n = 57), death occurred in 30% of patients (n = 50) during the study period. The median OS was 6 years post-surgery and LRFS was 4 years. In the univariate analysis, previous tumor surgery at the same site (P = 0.002), intralesional resection (P < 0.001), and larger tumor volume (P = 0.030) were significantly associated with LR. Increasing age (P < 0.001) and a preoperative motor deficit of C or D (P = 0.003) were significantly associated with poor OS, and nerve root sacrifice showed a trend towards significance (P = 0.088). In the multivariate models, previous surgery and intralesional resection were significantly related to LR, while increasing age and motor deficit of C or D were associated with poor OS. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified two predictive variables for LRFS (previous tumor surgery and type of surgical resection) and two for OS (age and impaired motor function) in surgically treated SC patients. Our results indicate that en bloc resection reduces LR but does not influence OS. However, this was likely due to short follow-up (3.2 years).

[MEASURING THE FUNCTIONAL IMPAIRMENT OF THE LUMBAR SPINE]. / AZ ÁGYÉKI GERINC FUNKCIÓCSÖKKENÉSÉNEK MÉRÉSE.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to outline the Hungarian validation process of the Oswestry Disability Index, the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale, the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Core Outcome Measurement Index, as well as to draw up recommendations regarding their future applications. METHODS: The Hungarian versions were created after a cultural and linguistic adaptation. Next to the above-mentioned questionnaires, the questionnaire booklet used for validation also contained the WHOQoL-BREF general quality of life questionnaire and a pain measuring Visual Analog Scale. The data of low-back pain patients were registered twice in two weeks. We determined the internal homogeneity (Cronbach alpha), reproducibility, standard error of measurement and the minimal detectable change of the questionnaires. Patients were assigned into different two subgroups (surgical / non-surgical, with/without affection of nerve roots) and differences between the subgroups were examined with the help of the questionnaires. We determined the physical subscale of the WHOQoL-BREF and the correlation between the pain and the studied questionnaires. RESULTS: The value of Cronbach alpha was between 0.85 and 0.95. All four questionnaires showed significant differences (p<0.001) between the subgroups. The correlation studies brought strong and significant results (p<0.001, r>0.5) in every case. The values of reproducibility were between 0.93-0.92. The results of standard measurement error: 4.8 (Oswestry), 5.2 (Quebec), 1.6 (Roland-Morris), 0.59 (Core Index). The minimal detectable change was 13; 14; 4, and 2 points, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Hungarian versions of all four questionnaires are valid. They can be applied with scientific certainty to measure low back pain patients. From the studied questionnaires, we especially recommend the wide-raging application of the Oswestry Disability Index and the Core Outcome Measurement Index based on their psychometric and application features.