RESUMEN
We have developed versatile methods toward the synthesis of a variety of piperidine/piperazine bridged isosteres of pridopidine. The compounds were assessed against the D2 receptor in agonist and antagonist modes and against the D4 receptor in agonist mode. hERG Binding and the ADME profiles were studied.
Asunto(s)
Diseño de Fármacos , Piperazina/química , Piperidinas/química , Animales , Compuestos Bicíclicos con Puentes/síntesis química , Compuestos Bicíclicos con Puentes/química , Compuestos Bicíclicos con Puentes/farmacología , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Antagonistas de Dopamina/síntesis química , Antagonistas de Dopamina/química , Antagonistas de Dopamina/farmacología , Canal de Potasio ERG1/metabolismo , Humanos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Ratones , Piperazina/síntesis química , Piperazina/farmacología , Piperidinas/síntesis química , Piperidinas/farmacología , Receptores de Dopamina D2/agonistas , Receptores de Dopamina D4/agonistas , Receptores de Dopamina D4/antagonistas & inhibidores , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Kγ) is a drug target that has been implicated in the treatment of a range of diseases. We have developed a synthesis of a novel PI3Kγ inhibitor containing a 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridin-3-one scaffold. The key step in the synthesis involved a ruthenium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cyclotrimerization reaction between a diyne and an alkoxycarbonyl isocyanate, a previously unreported coupling partner in such a reaction.
RESUMEN
The lipid kinase phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) has attracted attention as a potential target to treat a variety of autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis, due to its role in immune modulation and microglial activation. By minimizing the number of hydrogen bond donors while targeting a previously uncovered selectivity pocket adjacent to the ATP binding site of PI3Kγ, we discovered a series of azaisoindolinones as selective, brain penetrant inhibitors of PI3Kγ. This ultimately led to the discovery of 16, an orally bioavailable compound that showed efficacy in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a preclinical model of multiple sclerosis.
Asunto(s)
Encefalomielitis Autoinmune Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Inhibidores de las Quinasa Fosfoinosítidos-3 , Adenosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Administración Oral , Animales , Sitios de Unión , Disponibilidad Biológica , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Diseño de Fármacos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Isoenzimas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Esclerosis Múltiple/tratamiento farmacológico , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/química , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Ftalimidas/química , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
A series of high affinity second-generation thiazolopiperidine inhibitors of PI3Kγ were designed based on some general observations around lipid kinase structure. Optimization of the alkylimidazole group led to inhibitors with higher levels of PI3Kγ selectivity. Additional insights into PI3K isoform selectivity related to sequence differences in a known distal hydrophobic pocket are also described.
Asunto(s)
Descubrimiento de Drogas , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Inhibidores de las Quinasa Fosfoinosítidos-3 , Piperidinas/química , Piperidinas/farmacología , Línea Celular , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Humanos , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Isoenzimas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Isoenzimas/química , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/química , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Piperidinas/metabolismo , Conformación Proteica , Especificidad por SustratoRESUMEN
Benzimidazole 1 is the lead compound resulting from an antibacterial program targeting dual inhibitors of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. With the goal of improving key drug-like properties, namely, the solubility and the formulability of 1, an effort to identify prodrugs was undertaken. This has led to the discovery of a phosphate ester prodrug 2. This prodrug is rapidly cleaved to the parent drug molecule upon both oral and intravenous administration. The prodrug achieved equivalent exposure of 1 compared to dosing the parent in multiple species. The prodrug 2 has improved aqueous solubility, simplifying both intravenous and oral formulation.
RESUMEN
Compound 3 is a potent aminobenzimidazole urea with broad-spectrum Gram-positive antibacterial activity resulting from dual inhibition of bacterial gyrase (GyrB) and topoisomerase IV (ParE), and it demonstrates efficacy in rodent models of bacterial infection. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies showed that compound 3 covalently labels liver proteins, presumably via formation of a reactive metabolite, and hence presented a potential safety liability. The urea moiety in compound 3 was identified as being potentially responsible for reactive metabolite formation, but its replacement resulted in loss of antibacterial activity and/or oral exposure due to poor physicochemical parameters. To identify second-generation aminobenzimidazole ureas devoid of reactive metabolite formation potential, we implemented a metabolic shift strategy, which focused on shifting metabolism away from the urea moiety by introducing metabolic soft spots elsewhere in the molecule. Aminobenzimidazole urea 34, identified through this strategy, exhibits similar antibacterial activity as that of 3 and did not label liver proteins in vivo, indicating reduced/no potential for reactive metabolite formation.