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BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Existing phototherapies are ineffective for treating patients with vitiligo with complete leukotrichia. We compared the efficacy of reverse perilesional irradiation, during which only the lesional areas are covered, with conventional narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) home phototherapy for repigmentation of non-segmental vitiligo in patients with complete leukotrichia. METHODS: This was a 12-week, open-label, double-arm, multicenter clinical trial, with a total of 121 patients with non-segmental vitiligo who were randomly divided into two groups (both received topical tacrolimus): the conventional NB-UVB irradiation (CI) and reverse perilesional NB-UVB irradiation (RI) groups. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference in improvement from baseline was observed in the RI group compared with the findings in the CI group (-30.8% ± 11.8% vs. -25.5% ± 11.05%, respectively [p = .010]; pair-wise comparison p = .900 at week 4, p = .104 at week 8, and p = .010 at week 12). At week 12, the average percentage change from baseline of leukotrichia in the irradiation area significantly decreased from 100% to 82.2% ± 13.65% in the RI group, and from 100% to 88.7% ± 9.64% in the CI group (p = .027). Adverse events were minor, including desquamation, dryness, erythema, and blisters. No severe or lasting side effects were observed during the study. CONCLUSION: RI mediated better repigmentation of vitiligo with complete leukotrichia than CI.
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Terapia Ultravioleta , Vitíligo , Humanos , Vitíligo/terapia , Vitíligo/radioterapia , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Terapia Ultravioleta/métodos , Pigmentación de la Piel , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adolescente , Tacrolimus/uso terapéutico , Tacrolimus/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship of triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), triglyceride-glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI), and triglyceride-glucose-waist circumference index (TyG-WC) with blood pressure abnormalities in adolescents, providing theoretical basis for the prevention and control of hypertension in adolescents. METHODS: A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 1 572 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years in Yinchuan City for questionnaire surveys, physical measurements, and laboratory tests. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline analysis were employed to examine the relationship of TyG, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC with blood pressure abnormalities in adolescents. RESULTS: Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for confounding factors, the groups with the highest quartile of TyG, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC had 1.48 times (95%CI: 1.07-2.04), 3.71 times (95%CI: 2.67-5.15), and 4.07 times (95%CI: 2.89-5.73) higher risks of blood pressure abnormalities compared to the groups with the lowest quartile, respectively. Moreover, as the levels of TyG, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC increased, the risk of blood pressure abnormalities gradually increased (P<0.05). A non-linear dose-response relationship was observed between TyG-BMI and the risk of blood pressure abnormalities (P overall trend<0.001, P non-linearity=0.002). Linear dose-response relationships were found between TyG and the risk of blood pressure abnormalities (P overall trend<0.001, P non-linearit =0.232), and between TyG-WC and the risk of blood pressure abnormalities (P overall trend<0.001, P non-linearity=0.224). CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of TyG and its derivatives are associated with an increased risk of blood pressure abnormalities in adolescents, with linear or non-linear dose-response relationships.
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Hipertensión , Adolescente , Humanos , Presión Sanguínea , Índice de Masa Corporal , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertensión/etiología , Glucosa , TriglicéridosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and concurrent depression are predisposed to severer disease activity and a worse prognosis. Macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype may contribute to the exacerbation of IBD with comorbid depression. Moreover, interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. The aim of this study was to explore the role of IRF5 in macrophage polarization in the impact of depression upon colitis. METHODS: Depressive-like behavior was induced by repeated forced swim stress. Colon length, disease activity index (DAI), colon morphology, histology, ultrastructure of epithelial barrier, lamina propria macrophage polarization, and expression of IRF5 were compared between DSS colitis rats with and without depressive-like behavior. IRF5 shRNA was constructed to affect the rat peritoneal macrophages polarization in vitro. After IRF5 shRNA lentivirus was introduced into colon by enema, the colitis severity, lamina propria macrophage polarization, and TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-10 of colon tissues were measured. RESULTS: The study found severer colonic inflammation in depressed versus non-depressed DSS-colitis rats. Depressed DSS-colitis rats exhibited smaller subepithelial macrophages size and reduced intracellular granule diversity compared with nondepressed DSS-colitis rats. Increased polarization toward the M1 phenotype, elevated expression of IRF5, and co-expression of IRF5 with CD86 were found in depressed versus nondepressed DSS-colitis rats. Lentivirus-mediated shRNA interference with IRF5 expression switched rat peritoneal macrophage polarization from the M1 to the M2 phenotype, downregulated TNF-α, IL-1ß expression to a greater extent in depressed versus nondepressed colitis rats. CONCLUSIONS: IRF5-mediated macrophage polarization may likely underlie the deterioration of DSS-induced colitis caused by depression.
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Colitis , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino , Ratas , Animales , Ratones , Sulfato de Dextran/toxicidad , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Depresión , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/patología , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/patología , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Colon/patología , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , Factores Reguladores del Interferón/genética , Factores Reguladores del Interferón/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a metabolic disorder that often leads to other severe liver diseases, yet treatment options are limited. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important pathogenetic mechanism of NASH and plays a key role in tandem steatosis as well as liver inflammation. This study aims to develop a progressive NASH model through sustained lipid accumulation and to elucidate its molecular mechanism through IRE1α/TRAF2 complex. Male SD rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4, 8, and 12 weeks to induce progressive NASH. MRNA sequencing and PPI analysis were used to screen core genes. Transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, ELISA, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting were used at each time point to compare differences between each index of progressive NASH at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Sustained lipid accumulation led to structural disruption of the ER, a reduction in ER number, and an increase of lipid droplet aggregation in hepatocytes. Persistent lipid accumulation led to a persistent increase in mRNA and protein expression of the IRE1α/TRAF2 complex, IKK/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway and ASK1/JNK1 signaling pathway, and TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 also continued to increase. Persistent lipid accumulation led to a persistent exacerbation of ER stress and inflammation in progressive NASH via the IRE1α/TRAF2 complex.
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Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Masculino , Ratas , Animales , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Factor 2 Asociado a Receptor de TNF/genética , Factor 2 Asociado a Receptor de TNF/metabolismo , Endorribonucleasas/genética , Endorribonucleasas/metabolismo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Inflamación/metabolismo , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico , Lípidos , Hígado/metabolismoRESUMEN
N,N-Diacetylimido protection of 2-aminoglycosides is an elegant strategy but has had limited applications due to unexpected side reactions in glycosylation. We found that high acid concentrations could diminish the side reactions. We observed intermolecular hydrogen bonding among alcohols and acids could disrupt. Assuming that intermolecular hydrogen bonding accelerates the formation of 1,2-orthoamides and disrupting intermolecular hydrogen bonds could turn to the desired glycosylation, we successfully employed sulfenyl triflate pre-activation in the glycosylation of a broad scope of alcohol acceptors, as well as in a one-pot synthesis of a protected human milk oligosaccharide, lacto-N-neotetraose.
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Alcoholes , Hidrógeno , Glicosilación , Humanos , Enlace de HidrógenoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Studies have reported associations between health-related quality of life (HRQOL), social support, and mental stress of patients with chronic wound, while the causal relationship is unclear and little is known about the HRQOL of hospitalized them. We therefore investigated the status of HRQOL of hospitalized patients with chronic wound and the causal relationships among social support, mental stress (anxiety and depression) and HRQOL of which. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted and the demographic and disease characteristics, HRQOL, perceived social support and mental stress of 216 hospitalized patients with chronic wound was surveyed through questionnaires collected by face to face interview. RESULTS: (1) The HRQOL of the non-retired patients was better than that of the retirees (P < .05); Patients with a diabetic foot ulcer, who slept less than 5 hours per night, with moderate pain, wound odor had worse HRQOL (P < .05); Sleep status, diagnosis, and pain scores were entered into the prediction equation of physiological quality of life (PQOL) of the patients (r2 = 0.125, P < .05), retired or not and wound odor were entered into the prediction equation of mental quality of life (MQOL) (r2 = 0.127, P < .05). (2) Perceived social support had a positive predictive effect on the HRQOL of hospitalized patients with chronic wound (ß = 1.161, P < .001), and a negative predictive effect on mental stress of them (ß = -0.902, P < .001). The effect of social support on the HRQOL of hospitalized patients with chronic wound was to provide a buffering effect on their mental stress, the estimated value was 2.121, 95% CI (1.46, 3.25). CONCLUSION: (a) The HRQOL of hospitalized patients with chronic wound was poor and sleep status, diagnosis, pain, retirement status and whether the wound has odor were the main demographic and disease characteristic factors which affected their HRQOL. (2) Perceived social support improved the HRQOL of hospitalized patients with chronic wound by buffering their mental stress.
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Estado de Salud , Pacientes Internos/psicología , Salud Mental , Calidad de Vida , Cicatrización de Heridas , Heridas y Lesiones/psicología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad Crónica , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Heridas y Lesiones/terapiaRESUMEN
Magnetic skyrmions, which are particle-like spin structures, are promising information carriers for neuromorphic computing devices due to their topological stability and nanoscale size. In this work, we propose controlling magnetic skyrmions by electric-field-excited surface acoustic waves in neuromorphic computing device structures. Our micromagnetic simulations show that the number of created skyrmions, which emulates the synaptic weight parameter, increases monotonically with increases in the amplitude of the surface acoustic waves. Additionally, the efficiency of skyrmion creation is investigated systemically with a wide range of magnetic parameters, and the optimal values are presented accordingly. Finally, the functionalities of short-term plasticity and long-term potentiation are demonstrated via skyrmion excitation by a sequence of surface acoustic waves with different intervals. The application of surface acoustic waves in skyrmionic neuromorphic computing devices paves a novel approach to low-power computing systems.
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Aims: Granuloma, mainly composed of macrophages, is a histological feature of Crohn's disease (CD). However, its significance in CD has not been investigated adequately. Our study aims to address this issue by comparing the clinical manifestations and monocyte/macrophage subtypes between granulomatous and non-granulomatous CD.Materials and methods: Demographics, symptoms, endoscopic manifestations, histopathological features, and Montreal classification of patients with and without granulomas were compared. Flow cytometry was used to determine the phagocytosis and subsets of monocytes. ELISA was used to measure the plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-10, CCL22, and TGF-ß1. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantify the expression of CD68, CD163 and iNOS.Results: Of the222 CD patients enrolled, granulomas were detected in 90. Compared with non-granulomatous CD patients, those with granulomas had younger age, increased rates of diarrhea and perianal complications, along with higher endoscopic score. Intestinal stenosis and crypt abscess were more frequently observed in granulomatous CD patients. A defective phagocytosis of monocytes was observed in granulomatous CD patients. Meanwhile, higher percentages of intermediate and non-classic monocytes, with a lower percentage of classic monocyte were found in them. Besides, they had higher levels of TGF-ß1 and IL-10, a lower level of TNF-α, an increased ratio of CD163+/CD68+cells, and a decreased ratio of iNOS+/CD68+ cells.Conclusions: Granulomatous CD patients exhibited different manifestations compared with their non-granulomatous counterparts. More aggressive therapy may be needed in granulomatous CD patients. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of monocyte/macrophage subsets and altered plasma cytokine may underlie the difference between those two groups.
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Enfermedad de Crohn/patología , Citocinas/sangre , Granuloma/etiología , Macrófagos/patología , Monocitos/patología , Adulto , Enfermedad de Crohn/complicaciones , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Granuloma/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease (CD) is strongly associated with depression, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully understood. Recently, neuroimmunological studies have demonstrated that proinflammatory monocytes/macrophages play a key role in the pathogenesis of depression. The present study investigates monocyte/macrophage phenotypes and plasma cytokine levels in CD. METHODS: Eligible CD patients were divided into nondepressed and depressed groups according to Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for depression (HADS-D). The Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI), the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's disease (SES-CD), and the Global Histological Disease Activity Score (GHAS) were compared between the 2 groups. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantify the expression of CD68, inducible nitic oxide synthase (iNOS), and CD163 in colon mucosa. Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay was used to detect plasma levels of M1 macrophage-secreted cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, -interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-1ß) and M2 cytokines (transforming growth factor [TGF]-ß1, IL-10, C-C motif chemokine ligand 22, [CCL22]). Flow cytometry was utilized to determine peripheral blood monocyte subsets. RESULTS: Depressed CD patients (n = 91) presented higher HBI, -SES-CD, GHAS than the nondepressed patients (n = 42). Intermediate (CD14++CD16+) and nonclassical monocytes (CD14+CD16++) percentages, integrated optical density (IOD) of iNOS+ cells representing M1 macrophages, and plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß were increased while -classical monocyte (CD14++CD16-) percentage, IOD of CD163+ cells representing M2 macrophages, and IL-10 plasma levels were decreased in depressed versus nondepressed CD patients. Plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß correlated with HADS-D scores. CONCLUSION: Monocytes subpopulation disequilibrium toward intermediate and nonclassic phenotypes and macrophage polarization toward M1 phenotype with increased proinflammatory cytokine release are more likely to be found in CD patients with depressive symptoms.
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Enfermedad de Crohn/psicología , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Depresión/complicaciones , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Macrófagos/patología , Monocitos/patología , Adulto , Polaridad Celular , Enfermedad de Crohn/sangre , Enfermedad de Crohn/inmunología , Enfermedad de Crohn/patología , Citocinas/sangre , Depresión/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , FenotipoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Keshan disease is an endemic cardiomyopathy of undefined causes. Being involved in the unclear pathogenesis of Keshan disease, a clear diagnosis, and effective treatment cannot be initiated. However, the rapid development of gut flora in cardiovascular disease combined with omics and big data platforms may promote the discovery of new diagnostic markers and provide new therapeutic options. This study aims to identify biomarkers for the early diagnosis and further explore new therapeutic targets for Keshan disease. METHODS: This cohort study consists of two parts. Though the first part includes 300 participants, however, recruiting will be continued for the eligible participants. After rigorous screening, the blood samples, stools, electrocardiograms, and ultrasonic cardiogram data would be collected from participants to elucidate the relationship between gut flora and host. The second part includes a prospective follow-up study for every 6 months within 2 years. Finally, deep mining of big data and rapid machine learning will be employed to analyze the baseline data, experimental data, and clinical data to seek out the new biomarkers to predict the pathogenesis of Keshan disease. DISCUSSION: Our study will clarify the distribution of gut flora in patients with Keshan disease and the abundance and population changes of gut flora in different stages of the disease. Through the big data platform analyze the relationship between environmental factors, clinical factors, and gut flora, the main factors affecting the occurrence of Keshan disease were identified, and the changed molecular pathways of gut flora were predicted. Finally, the specific gut flora and molecular pathways affecting Keshan disease were identified by metagenomics combined with metabonomic analysis. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR1900026639. Registered on 16 October 2019.
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Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Cardiomiopatías/microbiología , Infecciones por Enterovirus/microbiología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Intestinos/microbiología , Metabolómica , Metagenómica , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Bacterias/clasificación , Macrodatos , Cardiomiopatías/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatías/virología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Infecciones por Enterovirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Enterovirus/virología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Proyectos de Investigación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is one of the most important infectious parasitic diseases in the world. The most important was to control schistosomiasis is through a combination of medical therapy and immunization. The membrane antigens Tsp2 and 29 from Schistosoma are promising anti-schistosomiasis vaccine candidates. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, the pcDNA3.1(+)-SjTsp2, pcDNA3.1(+)-Sj29, and pcDNA3.1 (+)-SjTsp2-29 eukaryotic expression vectors were successfully constructed as DNA vaccines, and the protective abilities of these vaccines were evaluated in mice. RESULTS The results showed that vaccination with SjTsp2, Sj29, and SjTsp2-29 reduced parasite burden and hepatic pathology compared to the control group, and the protective effect of the bivalent SjTsp2-29 DNA vaccine was better than that of the univalent SjTsp2 or Sj29 DNA vaccines. We also found high levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a against SjTsp2, Sj29, and SjTsp2-29 DNA vaccines, with high expression of IFN-γ and no IL-4 in the mice. CONCLUSIONS The double-membrane antigen DNA vaccine SjTsp2-29 elicited protection against Schistosoma infection and might serve as a vaccine candidate.
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Schistosoma japonicum/inmunología , Esquistosomiasis/terapia , Vacunas de ADN/farmacología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antihelmínticos , China , Femenino , Inmunización , Proteínas de la Membrana , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos , Schistosoma japonicum/metabolismo , Esquistosomiasis/inmunología , Trombospondinas/inmunología , VacunaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) on immune system of neonate. Materials and Methods Sixty neonates whose mothers suffered from PIH were selected and divided into preeclampsia group (n=28) and gestational hyperten sion (GH) group (n=32) according to severity of mother's condition. Thirty neonates having healthy mothers were enrolled as control group. The base clinical characteristics of neonates were collected and umbilical vein blood was drawn to detect the distribution of lymphocyte antigen, immune globulin, and complement level. RESULTS: The gestational week, birth weight, head circumference, and one minute Apgar score of both PIH groups were lower than those of control group, and preeclampsia group was lower than GH group (p < 0.05). There was significant difference between preeclampsia group and control group in blood, routine and blood glucose levels Concerning blood glucose levels, both PIH groups were lower than control group, and preeclampsia group was lower than GH group (p < 0.05). Content of IgG and complement C4 of GH group was lower than those of control group; IgG level of preeclampsia group was also lower than GH group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: PIH of pregnant mother affects the immunity of neonate, and more severe PIH will more negatively affect immunity of neonate.
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Hipertensión Inducida en el Embarazo/sangre , Inmunidad Materno-Adquirida/fisiología , Preeclampsia/sangre , Adulto , Peso al Nacer , Femenino , Sangre Fetal , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Linfocitos TRESUMEN
AIMS: The exact world-wide prevalence of Brugada electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern is still unclear, especially in adults aged 55 years and older. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study was conducted as part of the Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan (HALST). Using a stratified random sampled method, a sample of community-dwelling subjects was recruited from seven community-based regions across Taiwan. All enrolled subjects were follow-up annually and cause of death was documented by citizen death records. A total of 5214 subjects were enrolled (male/female: 2530/2684) with a mean age of 69 ± 8 years. The overall prevalence of Brugada ECG patterns was 3.32%. Four subjects carried spontaneous Type 1 Brugada ECG pattern, 68 carried Type 2, and 101 carried Type 3. Compared with the world-wide average prevalence of Brugada ECG patterns, the prevalence of spontaneous Type 1 Brugada ECG pattern in subjects from the HALST cohort was similar (0.077 vs. 0.07%) and the combined prevalence of Types 2 and 3 Brugada ECG pattern was 10 times higher (3.24 vs. 0.28%) even the mean age of study subjects was significantly higher (69 ± 8 vs. 35 ± 8, P < 0.001). However, all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality rates were not significantly different between subjects with and without Brugada ECG patterns during the 4-year follow-up (log-rank test, P = 0.21, 0.32, respectively). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Brugada ECG pattern in adults aged 55 years and older in Taiwan was higher than the average world-wide prevalence but was not associated with increased mortality.
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Síndrome de Brugada/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Brugada/mortalidad , Electrocardiografía/estadística & datos numéricos , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , China/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Pronóstico , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores de Riesgo , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Distribución por Sexo , Tasa de Supervivencia , Taiwán/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
To evaluate the antioxidant and immune effects of low molecular yeast ß-glucan on mice, three sulfated glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (sGSCs) with different molecular weight (MW) and degrees of sulfation (DS) were prepared. The structures of the sGSCs were analyzed through high performance liquid chromatography-gel permeation chromatography (HPLC-GPC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). sGSC1, sGSC2, and sGSC3 had MW of 12.9, 16.5 and 19.2 kDa, respectively, and DS of 0.16, 0.24 and 0.27, respectively. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant and immunological activities of the sGSCs. In vitro experiment, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities were determined. In vivo experiment, 50 male BALB/c mice were divided into five groups. The sGSC1, sGSC2 and sGSC3 treatment groups received the corresponding sGSCs at 50 mg/kg/day each. The GSC (glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) treatment group received 50 mg/kg/day GSC. The normal control group received equal volume of physiological saline solution. All treatments were administered intragastrically for 14 day. Results showed that sGSC1, sGSC2 and sGSC3 can scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals in vitro. The strength of the radical scavenging effects of the sGSCs was in the order of sGSC1 > sGSC2 > sGSC3. Oral administration of sGSC1 significantly improved serum catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in mice. sGSC1 significantly improved the spleen and thymus indexes and the lymphocyte proliferation, effectively enhanced the percentage of CD4⺠T cells, decreased the percentage of CD8⺠T cells, and elevated the CD4âº/CD8⺠ratio. sGSC1 significantly promoted the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ. These results indicate that sGSC1 with low MW and DS has better antioxidant and immunological activities than the other sGSCs, and sGSC1 could be used as a new antioxidant and immune-enhancing agent.
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Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Inmunidad/fisiología , beta-Glucanos/química , beta-Glucanos/metabolismo , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Inmunidad/efectos de los fármacos , Interferón gamma/sangre , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Interleucina-2/sangre , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Activación de Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Activación de Linfocitos/inmunología , Tejido Linfoide/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Linfoide/inmunología , Masculino , Ratones , Peso Molecular , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/metabolismo , beta-Glucanos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Two ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(TTF-terpy)(terpy)][PF(6)](2) (terpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) (1) and [Ru(TTF-terpy)(2)][PF6](2) (2) were synthesized by reactions of Ru(terpy)(dmso)(2)Cl(2) or cis-Ru(dmso)(4)Cl(2) with 4'-tetrathiafulvalene-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (TTF-terpy), respectively. The crystal structure of 1 has been determined by X-ray crystallography. In the crystal of complex 1, molecules are seized together into 1D chains via pi···pi stacking interactions. The electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of these compounds have been studied. The results show that these Ru(II) complexes show stepwise redox processes in solution, and are promising building blocks for the construction of multi-functional materials.
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A series of dinuclear paddle-wheel like transition metal complexes based on 2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxylic derivative L have been synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction single crystal analysis. The biological activities of L and its complexes were evaluated as assayed antibacterial activities, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The results indicated that these complexes showed better antibacterial activities than the free ligand or metal salts alone. Among them, the Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes with IC50 of 0.57 µg/mL and 0.51 µg/mL, respectively, showed excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
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Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Compuestos Organometálicos/síntesis química , Compuestos Organometálicos/farmacología , Quinolinas/química , Antibacterianos/química , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas de Química Sintética , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Modelos Moleculares , Conformación Molecular , Compuestos Organometálicos/químicaRESUMEN
Testicular choriocarcinoma (CC) is the rarest subtype of germ cell tumours (GCTs) of the testis, with a high malignant potential and early haematogenous metastasis. Radical surgical resection should be performed primarily for histological diagnosis, while chemotherapy remains the mainstay of therapy for advanced disease. In the present study, the case of a 65-year-old male patient diagnosed with metastatic testicular CC, who did not fully respond to chemotherapy is reported. This patient underwent surgical removal of the testicular tumour, chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin, and radiotherapy of the intracranial lesions. Although the serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels of the patient and most of the metastases continued decreasing during chemotherapy, complete response was not achieved after six cycles of chemotherapy. The patient refused high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation due to severe side effects, and eventually developed respiratory failure on maintenance therapy with oral etoposide. A literature review was then performed, aiming to summarize the characteristics and therapeutic principles of testicular CC. In addition, the emerging therapeutic agents that could be used in maintenance therapy for GCTs, particularly for testicular CC, were also discussed. The limited clinical trials of targeted treatments showed potential benefit for long survival of patients with selected GCTs with fewer side effects. In particular, immunotherapy showed unique potential for testicular CC in preclinical studies, offering new approaches of maintenance therapy for advanced disease. Further studies should shed light on the identification of prognostic factors that predict the response to immune-based therapy in GCTs.
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Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the role played by the oral microbiome in moderate to severe plaque psoriasis and its potential implications for disease management and development holds significant importance. With the objective of exploring correlations between the oral microbiota and severe psoriasis, this study involved 72 severe psoriasis patients and 16 healthy individuals, whose clinical manifestations and living habits were carefully recorded. Cutting-edge techniques such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were employed to compare the microbial flora, investigating dynamic changes among severe plaque psoriasis patients, psoriatic arthritis patients and healthy individuals. The findings revealed noteworthy patterns including increased levels of Aggregatibacter in the psoriatic arthritis group, accompanied by a decrease in the level of Prevotella. Moreover, the enrichment o Capnocytandophaga (P = 0.009), Campylobacter (P = 0.0022), and Acetobacter (P = 0.0292) was notably more substantial in the psoriasis group compared to the control group, whereas certain bacterial species such as Bacteroides (P = 0.0049), Muribaculaceae (P = 0.0048) demonstrated decreased enrichment. Additionally, the psoriatic arthritis group exhibited significantly higher levels of Ralstonia, Bifidobacterium and Micromonospora. Based on these findings, it can be inferred that individuals with lower levels of Prevotella and higher levels of Corynebacterium may be more susceptible to psoriasis exacerbation.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Psoriásica , Microbiota , Psoriasis , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Humanos , Artritis Psoriásica/microbiología , Femenino , Masculino , Psoriasis/microbiología , Microbiota/genética , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Boca/microbiología , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de la Uña/microbiología , Estudios de Casos y ControlesRESUMEN
Manipulating magnetization via power-efficient spin-orbit torque (SOT) has garnered significant attention in the field of spin-based memory and logic devices. However, the damping-like SOT efficiency (ξDL) in heavy metal (HM)/ferromagnetic metal (FM) bilayers is relatively small due to the strong spin dephasing accompanied by additional spin polarization decay. Furthermore, the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) originating from the HM/FM interface is constrained by the thickness of FM, which is unfavorable for thermal stability in practical applications. Consequently, it is valuable to develop systems that not only exhibit large ξDL but also balance thermal stability. In this work, we designed antiferromagnetic-coupled [Co/Gd]N multilayers, where staggered Co and Gd magnetic moments effectively suppress the spin dephasing and additional spin polarization decay. The ordered Co-Gd arrangements along the out-of-plane direction provide bulk PMA, endowing Pt/[Co/Gd]N high thermal stability. The SOT of Pt/[Co/Gd]N was systematically studied with N, demonstrating a significantly large ξDL of up to 0.66. The ξDL of Pt/[Co/Gd]N is greater than those of Pt/Co and Pt/ferrimagnetic alloys. This significant enhancement relies on the effective suppression of spin dephasing in [Co/Gd]N. Our work highlights that the antiferromagnetic-coupled [Co/Gd]N multilayer is a promising candidate for low-consumption and high-density spintronic devices.
RESUMEN
Clubroot, a devastating soil borne disease affecting 30%â¼50% of Brassicaceae crops worldwide, lacks effective control measures. In the present study, we explored the potential of melatonin (MT) and copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO-NPs) in mitigating clubroot severity in the Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis. Following 18 h priming with MT, CuO-NPs, or both seeds were grown in controlled environment using synthetic potting mix. Inoculated with Plasmodiophora brassicae spores on 5th day, followed by a soil drench phyto-nano treatment with a week interval. Plants were assessed for various health and growth indices including disease, biometrics, photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzyme activity, hormones and genes expression at onset of secondary clubroot infection using established protocols. Statistical analysis employed ANOVA with Fisher's LSD for significance assessment (P < 0.05). Our results revealed that seed priming with both MT (50 µMol/L) and CuO-NPs (200 mg/L), followed by soil drenching significantly reduced clubroot incidence (38%) and disease index (57%), compared to control treatments. This synergistic effect was associated with enhanced plant growth (shoots: 48% and roots: 59%). Plants treated with both MT and CuO-NPs showed robust antioxidant defenses, significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD (25/29%)), catalase (CAT (83/55%)), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX (83/46%)) activity in both shoots/roots, respectively, compared to infected control. Notably, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid levels doubled in treated plants, while stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) decreased by 80% in roots and 21% in shoots. Gene expression analysis corroborated these findings, showing that the combined treatment activated antioxidant defense genes (SOD, APX and CAT) by 1.9-7.2-fold and upregulated hormone signaling genes JAZ1 (7.8-fold), MYC2 (3.9-fold) and SABP2 (36-fold). Conversely, ABA biosynthesis genes (ABA1 and NCED1) were downregulated up to 7.2-fold, while plant resistance genes NPR1, PRB1 and PDF1.2 were dramatically increased by up to 6.3-fold compared to infected plants. Overall, our combined treatment approach significantly reduces clubroot severity in B. rapa via enhanced antioxidant defenses, improved ROS scavenging, coordinated hormonal regulation and increased pathogen response genes. This study offers promising strategy for developing effective control measures against clubroot in susceptible cruciferous crops.