Mechanism of Xing 9 ling tablet candy for alcoholic liver disease based on network pharmacology.

Xing 9 Ling tablet candy (X9LTC) effectively treats alcoholic liver disease (ALD), but its potential mechanism and molecular targets remain unstudied. We aimed to address this gap using network pharmacology. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and database analysis revealed a total of 35 active ingredients and 311 corresponding potential targets of X9LTC. Protein interaction analysis revealed PTGS2, JUN, and FOS as its core targets. Enrichment analysis indicated that chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation, IL-17 and TNF signaling pathway were enriched by multiple core targets, which might be the main pathway of action. Further molecular docking validation showed that the core targets had good binding activities with the identified compounds. Animal experiments showed that X9LTC could reduce the high expression of ALT, AST and TG in the serum of ALD mice, alleviate the lesions in liver tissues, and reverse the high expression of PTGS2, JUN, and FOS proteins in the liver tissues. In this study, we established a method for the determination of X9LTC content for the first time, and predicted its active ingredient and mechanism of action in treating ALD, providing theoretical basis for further research.

Adenosine and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases.

Inflammatory skin diseases highlight inflammation as a central driver of skin pathologies, involving a multiplicity of mediators and cell types, including immune and non-immune cells. Adenosine, a ubiquitous endogenous immune modulator, generated from adenosine triphosphate (ATP), acts via four G protein-coupled receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3). Given the widespread expression of those receptors and their regulatory effects on multiple immune signaling pathways, targeting adenosine receptors emerges as a compelling strategy for anti-inflammatory intervention. Animal models of psoriasis, contact hypersensitivity (CHS), and other dermatitis have elucidated the involvement of adenosine receptors in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Targeting adenosine receptors is effective in attenuating inflammation and remodeling the epidermal structure, potentially showing synergistic effects with fewer adverse effects when combined with conventional therapies. What is noteworthy are the promising outcomes observed with A2A agonists in animal models and ongoing clinical trials investigating A3 agonists, underscoring a potential therapeutic approach for the management of inflammatory skin disorders.

[Extraction process optimization and link evaluation of Reyanning Mixture based on quality by design idea].

Reyanning Mixture is one of the superior Chinese patent medicine varieties of "Qin medicine". Based on the idea of quality by design(QbD), the extraction process of the Reyanning Mixture was optimized. The caffeic acid, polydatin, resveratrol, and emodin were used as critical quality attributes(CQAs). The material-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time were taken as critical process parameters(CPPs) by the Plackett-Burman test. The mathematical model was established by the star design-effect surface method, and the design space was constructed and verified. The optimal extraction process of the Reyanning Mixture was obtained as follows: material-liquid ratio of 11.84 g·mL~(-1), extraction temperature at 81 ℃, and two extractions. A partial least-square(PLS) quantitative model for CQAs was established by using near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) under the optimal extraction process. The results showed that the correlation coefficients of the correction set(R_c) and validation set(R_p) of the quantitative models of four CQAs were more than 0.9. The root mean square error of the correction set(RMSEC) were 0.744, 6.71, 3.95, and 1.53 µg·mL~(-1), respectively, and the root mean square error of the validation set(RMSEP) were 0.709, 5.88, 2.92, and 1.59 µg·mL~(-1), respectively. Therefore, the optimized extraction process of the Reyanning Mixture is reasonable, feasible, stable, and reliable. The NIRS quantitative model has a good prediction, which can be used for the rapid content determination of CQAs during extraction. They can provide an experimental basis for the process research and quality control of Reyanning Mixture.

Comparative genomics and transcriptomics analyses provide insights into the high yield and regulatory mechanism of Norvancomycin biosynthesis in Amycolatopsis orientalis NCPC 2-48.

BACKGROUND: Norvancomycin has been widely used in clinic to treat against MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and MRSE (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis) infections in China. Amycolatopsis orientalis NCPC 2-48, a high yield strain derived from A. orientalis CPCC 200066, has been applied in industrial large-scale production of norvancomycin by North China Pharmaceutical Group. However, the potential high-yield and regulatory mechanism involved in norvancomycin biosynthetic pathway has not yet been addressed. RESULTS: Here we sequenced and compared the genomes and transcriptomes of A. orientalis CPCC 200066 and NCPC 2-48. These two genomes are extremely similar with an identity of more than 99.9%, and no duplication and structural variation was found in the norvancomycin biosynthetic gene cluster. Comparative transcriptomic analysis indicated that biosynthetic genes of norvancomycin, as well as some primary metabolite pathways for the biosynthetic precursors of norvancomycin were generally upregulated. AoStrR1 and AoLuxR1, two cluster-situated regulatory genes in norvancomycin cluster, were 23.3-fold and 5.8-fold upregulated in the high yield strain at 48 h, respectively. Over-expression of AoStrR1 and AoLuxR1 in CPCC 200066 resulted in an increase of norvancomycin production, indicating their positive roles in norvancomycin biosynthesis. Furthermore, AoStrR1 can regulate the production of norvancomycin by directly interacting with at least 8 promoters of norvancomycin biosynthetic genes or operons. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that the high yield of NCPC 2-48 can be ascribed to increased expression level of norvancomycin biosynthetic genes in its cluster as well as the genes responsible for the supply of its precursors. The norvancomycin biosynthetic genes are presumably regulated by AoStrR1 and AoLuxR1, of them AoStrR1 is possibly the ultimate pathway-specific regulator for the norvancomycin production. These results are helpful for further clarification of the holistic and pathway-specific regulatory mechanism of norvancomycin biosynthesis in the industrial production strain.

The stress hyperglycaemia ratio is associated with left ventricular remodelling after first acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular negative remodelling after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is considered as the major cause for the poor prognosis. But the predisposing factors and potential mechanisms of left ventricular negative remodelling after STEMI remain not fully understood. The present research mainly assessed the association between the stress hyperglycaemia ratio (SHR) and left ventricular negative remodelling. METHODS: We recruited 127 first-time, anterior, and acute STEMI patients in the present study. All enrolled patients were divided into 2 subgroups equally according to the median value of SHR level (1.191). Echocardiography was conducted within 24 h after admission and 6 months post-STEMI to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD). Changes in echocardiography parameters (δLVEF, δLVEDD, δLVESD) were calculated as LVEF, LVEDD, and LVESD at 6 months after infarction minus baseline LVEF, LVEDD and LVESD, respectively. RESULTS: In the present study, the mean SHR was 1.22 ± 0.25 and there was significant difference in SHR between the 2 subgroups (1.05 (0.95, 1.11) vs 1.39 (1.28, 1.50), p < 0.0001). The global LVEF at 6 months post-STEMI was significantly higher in the low SHR group than the high SHR group (59.37 ± 7.33 vs 54.03 ± 9.64, p = 0.001). Additionally, the global LVEDD (49.84 ± 5.10 vs 51.81 ± 5.60, p = 0.040) and LVESD (33.27 ± 5.03 vs 35.38 ± 6.05, p = 0.035) at 6 months after STEMI were lower in the low SHR group. Most importantly, after adjusting through multivariable linear regression analysis, SHR remained associated with δLVEF (beta = -9.825, 95% CI -15.168 to -4.481, p < 0.0001), δLVEDD (beta = 4.879, 95% CI 1.725 to 8.069, p = 0.003), and δLVESD (beta = 5.079, 95% CI 1.421 to 8.738, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: In the present research, we demonstrated for the first time that SHR is significantly correlated with left ventricular negative remodelling after STEMI.

Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cell injections for patients with osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis and review of RCTs.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoarthritis (OA), which has a high incidence in the elderly, brings a huge economic burden to society. MSCs (Mesenchymal Stem Cells) have shown great multidirectional differentiation potential which are expected to treat OA, and numerous clinical trials have been conducted. However, the efficacy and safety of the MSCs still need to be further integrated and analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched several databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and ScienceDirect) for assessing eligible trials that randomized controlled trials, hyaluronic acid as control, and MSCs injection to treat OA. Vitro studies and animal studies were excluded. Search terms were: "cartilage," "clinical trial," "mesenchymal," "stromal" and "stem cell", "osteoarthritis". The preliminary guidelines and study protocol were published online at PROSPERO. RESULTS: Many assessment scales could not be improved significantly after 6 months. However, most of the scales were significantly improved after 12 months, indicating that compared with hyaluronic acid, stem cells could relieve OA symptoms significantly. No serious adverse effect was found. CONCLUSION: There are significant therapeutic effects on joint function, symptoms, and no permanent adverse effect has been found after stem cell treatment. It is promising to apply intro-articular injection of stem cells for OA to clinical application. More researches are needed to supplement present deficiencies.

Augmented glycaemic gap is a marker for an increased risk of post-infarct left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) occurs frequently after acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The predisposing factors and underlying mechanism of post-infarct LVSD are not fully understood. The present study mainly investigated the correlation between glycaemic gap, a novel index of stress-induced hyperglycaemia (SIH), and post-infarct LVSD. METHODS: A total of 274 first STEMI patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed within 48 h after admission and at 6 months after discharge to obtain left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The change in LVEF was calculated as LVEF at 6 months after discharge minus baseline LVEF. Additionally, post-infarct LVSD was defined as LVEF ≤ 50%. Most importantly, glycaemic gap was calculated as admission blood glucose (ABG) minus the estimated average glucose over the previous 3 months. RESULTS: In patients without diabetes mellitus (DM), multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that both glycaemic gap (Beta = - 1.214, 95% CI - 1.886 to - 0.541, p < 0.001) and ABG (Beta = - 1.124, 95% CI - 1.795 to - 0.453, p = 0.001) were associated with change in LVEF. In DM patients, only glycaemic gap was still associated with change in LVEF, although this association was not observed in univariate linear regression analysis. Regarding the association between SIH and post-infarct LVSD, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that both glycaemic gap (OR = 1.490, 95% CI 1.043 to 2.129, p = 0.028) and ABG (OR = 1.600, 95% CI 1.148 to 2.229, p = 0.005) were associated with an increased risk of having post-infarct LVSD in non-DM patients. However, after multivariate adjustment in DM patients, only glycaemic gap (OR = 1.399, 95% CI 1.021 to 1.919, p = 0.037) remained associated with an increased risk of having post-infarct LVSD. Furthermore, the predictive value of glycaemic gap for post-infarct LVSD was not inferior to ABG in non-DM patients (p = 0.499), and only glycaemic gap, instead of ABG, could significantly predict post-infarct LVSD in DM patients (AUC = 0.688, 95% CI 0.591 to 0.774, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Glycaemic gap was strongly associated with a change in LVEF and an increased risk of having post-infarct LVSD in patients following STEMI. In STEMI patients with DM, glycaemic gap could provide more valuable information than ABG in identifying patients at high risk of developing post-infarct LVSD.

Improving the N-terminal diversity of sansanmycin through mutasynthesis.

BACKGROUND: Sansanmycins are uridyl peptide antibiotics (UPAs), which are inhibitors of translocase I (MraY) and block the bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. They have good antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. The biosynthetic gene cluster of sansanmycins has been characterized and the main biosynthetic pathway elucidated according to that of pacidamycins which were catalyzed by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). Sananmycin A is the major compound of Streptomyces sp. SS (wild type strain) and it bears a non-proteinogenic amino acid, meta-tyrosine (m-Tyr), at the N-terminus of tetrapeptide chain. RESULTS: ssaX deletion mutant SS/XKO was constructed by the λ-RED mediated PCR targeting method and confirmed by PCR and southern blot. The disruption of ssaX completely abolished the production of sansanmycin A. Complementation in vivo and in vitro could both recover the production of sansanmycin A, and the overexpression of SsaX apparently increased the production of sansanmycin A by 20%. Six new compounds were identified in the fermentation culture of ssaX deletion mutant. Some more novel sansanmycin analogues were obtained by mutasynthesis, and totally ten sansanmycin analogues, MX-1 to MX-10, were purified and identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The bioassay of these sansanmycin analogues showed that sansanmycin MX-1, MX-2, MX-4, MX-6 and MX-7 exhibited comparable potency to sansanmycin A against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, as well as multi-drug-resistant (MDR) and extensive-drug-resistant (XDR) strains. Moreover, sansanmycin MX-2 and MX-4 displayed much better stability than sansanmycin A. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that SsaX is responsible for the biosynthesis of m-Tyr in vivo by gene deletion and complementation. About twenty novel sansanmycin analogues were obtained by mutasynthesis in ssaX deletion mutant SS/XKO and ten of them were purified and structurally identified. Among them, MX-2 and MX-4 showed promising anti-MDR and anti-XDR tuberculosis activity and greater stability than sansanmycin A. These results indicated that ssaX deletion mutant SS/XKO was a suitable host to expand the diversity of the N-terminus of UPAs, with potential to yield more novel compounds with improved activity and/or other properties.

Physochlainae Radix: A Review of Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Q-Marker Prediction, and Future Directions.

BACKGROUND: Upon the release of the selection results of "Qin Medicine," numerous Chinese herbal medicines and proprietary Chinese medicines have regained attention. Physochlainae Radix (Huashanshen), a herbal medicine named after Mount Hua, the prominent peak in the Qinling Mountains, has garnered particular interest. Despite this, the impact of Physochlainae Radix and Qin medicines as a whole remains significantly overshadowed by the renown of Mount Hua. METHODS: Search on Using "Physochlainae Radix" as the keyword; searches were conducted across China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, WIP Database, PubMed, Web of Science, and the National Library of China databases. RESULTS: This study presents an overview of Physochlainae Radix by reviewing its history, chemical composition, preparation methods, planting and cultivation practices, concoctions, alkaloid detection, contraindications for use, resource recycling, and predicting quality markers. CONCLUSION: To facilitate the further application and development of Physochlainae Radix, this study also addresses the challenges in the development of Qin medicines and proposes potential solutions.

Polygonum ciliinerve (Nakai) Ohwi: a review of its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology.

Polygonum ciliinerve (Nakai) Ohwi is a perennial twining vine plant from the Polygonaceae family, which is a Chinese herbal medicine with great value for development and utilization. The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of Polygonum ciliinerve (Nakai) Ohwi, as well as an outlook on the future research directions and development prospects of the plant. Data on Polygonum ciliinerve (Nakai) Ohwi were obtained from different databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Baidu Academic, Wanfang Database, Google Academic, PubMed, Web of Science, SpringerLink, Wiley; books; standards; and Ph.D. and MSc theses. So far, 86 compounds have been identified from Polygonum ciliinerve (Nakai) Ohwi, including anthraquinones, stilbenes, flavonoids, tannins, chromogenic ketones, organic acids and esters, lignans, isobenzofurans, alkaloids, naphthols, and others. Studies have found that Polygonum ciliinerve (Nakai) Ohwi has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, antitumor, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, and antioxidant effects. Clinically, Polygonum ciliinerve (Nakai) Ohwi is very effective in the treatment of gastritis and chronic gastritis. Based on its traditional use, chemical composition, and pharmacological activity, Polygonum ciliinerve (Nakai) Ohwi is a promising source of natural medicine in drug development.

Quality markers of Guchang Zhixie pills based on multicomponent qualitative and quantitative analysis combined with network pharmacology and chemometric analysis.

Traditional Chinese medicine Guchang Zhixie pills(GCZX) is one of the famous varieties of "Qin medicine" that has been extensively applied to treating irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). However, despite the acknowledged clinical advantages of GCZX there are significant constraints on its quality control and evaluation. The present study utilized UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS to analyze the chemical composition of GCZX. Additionally, network pharmacology approaches were utilized to explore the underlying mechanism by which blood components exert therapeutic effects in the treatment of IBS. Furthermore, the GCZX samples were evaluated for their quality on the basis of the qualitative results obtained from 25 batches of GCZX samples using fingerprinting; subsequently, multivariate statistical analysis methods were employed for further analysis. The results indicated the presence of 198 individual components. Among them, 17 prototype compounds were detected in the serum of rats that were administered with GCZX. The potential therapeutic mechanism of GCZX in the treatment of IBS may be associated with the modulation of the neurological system, the immunological system, and the inflammatory response. Moreover, a total of seven prominent peaks were identified after fingerprint analysis. The range of fingerprint similarity among the 25 batches of samples varied from 0.843 to 1.000. The application of chemometrics analysis successfully facilitated the categorical classification of 25 batches of GCZX into three distinct groups. Seven components hold significant importance and should be duly considered during the quality control process of GCZX. The present study can establish the Q-Markers of GCZX for IBS, thereby providing a foundation for investigating the theoretical underpinnings and elucidating the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of GCZX in the treatment of IBS.

Sambucus williamsii Hance: A comprehensive review of traditional uses, processing specifications, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics.

OBJECTIVE: Sambucus williamsii Hance, belonging to the Sambucus L. family (Viburnaceae), possesses medicinal properties in its roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. It is recognized for its ability to facilitate bone reunion, enhance blood circulation, remove stasis, and dispel wind and dampness. This traditional Chinese medicine holds significant potential for development and practical use. Hence, this paper offers an in-depth review of S. williamsii, covering traditional uses, processing guidelines, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics, aiming to serve as a reference for its further development and utilization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Information for this study was gathered from various books, bibliographic databases, and literature sources such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Baidu Scholar, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, and Wanfang Data. RESULTS: Phytochemical investigations have identified approximately 238 compounds within the root bark, stem branches, leaves, and fruits of S. williamsii. These compounds encompass flavonoids, sugars, glycosides, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, phenols, phenolic glycosides, and other chemical constituents, with phenylpropanoids being the most prevalent. S. williamsii exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects, particularly in promoting osteogenesis and fracture healing. CONCLUSION: This comprehensive review delves into the traditional uses, processing guidelines, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of S. williamsii. It provides valuable insights into this plant, which will prove beneficial for future research involving S. williamsii.

Comparison of Different Systemic Inflammatory Markers in Predicting Clinical Outcomes with Syntax Score in Patients with Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Retrospective Study.

Background: The clinical value of the Syntax score in patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) has been well established. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)-albumin ratio (hsCAR), and systemic immune-inflammatory (SII) index are promising systemic inflammation (SI) biomarkers in coronary artery diseases. However, studies which compare the predicting value of these SI indicators with the Syntax score in NSTEMI patients are limited. Material and Methods: NSTEMI patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) in our department were retrospectively enrolled. Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the clinical value between SI biomarkers and Syntax score in these patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to compare the clinical values of these parameters in predicting 6-month major cardiovascular events (MACE) and over-all mortality. Results: A total of 429 NSTEMI patients were finally enrolled in this study. The level of NLR, PLR, as well as hsCAR, and SII in patients with high Syntax scores, are significantly higher than patients with the low Syntax score. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that all of the SI indicators but not the Syntax score were the independent risk factors of 6-month MACE in NSTEMI patients. ROC showed that all of the SI indicators had better predictive value than the Syntax score in these patients (0.637, 0.592, 0.631, 0.590, 0.559, respectively) in predicting MACE and similar predictive value in over-all mortality (0.530, 0.524, 0.761, 0.553, 0.620, respectively). Conclusion: Novel SI biomarkers including NLR, PLR, hsCAR, and SII have better predictive value in MACE and similar predictive value in over-all mortality compared with Syntax score in NSTEMI patients.

Perimeter procedure to produce average equivalent area grain size.

A new method of perimeter procedure to produce average equivalent area grain size on orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) micrograph was developed. When the OIM micrograph was exported with the practical size of pixel equal to the electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) step size, the expression for perimeter procedure in producing the average equivalent area radius is r¯p=(2AmPm+wb2Es)±wb2Es (Pm and Am are the perimeter and area of grains, respectively, which can be measured using commercial image pro plus software; wb is the pixel width of the grain boundary which is suggested to set as 1 and Es is the EBSD step size). Experiments were conducted and the four methods intercept procedure, planimetric procedure, perimeter procfedure and statistical method were adopted to measure the average grain sizes for different conditions (polygonal grains and compressed polygonal grains, different EBSD step sizes, different grain boundary widths). The results showed that the average grain size by perimeter procedure remained relatively unchanged and close to the true average grain size for all conditions. It was demonstrated that perimeter procedure has an advantage in that it can produce reliable average grain size even when the pixel step size relative to the grain size is relatively large.

The splicing factor proline and glutamine rich promotes the growth of osteosarcoma via the c-Myc signaling pathway.

Splicing factor proline- and glutamine-rich (SFPQ) regulates transcripts in skeletal muscle metabolism and tumorigenesis. As osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor characterized by genome instability, such as MYC amplification, this study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of SFPQ in OS. Expression of SFPQ in OS cell lines and human OS tissues was detected using quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses. The oncogenic role of SFPQ in OS cells and murine xenograft models and the underlying mechanism of SFPQ on the c-Myc signaling pathway were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that SFPQ expression was upregulated and correlated with poor prognosis in OS patients. SFPQ overexpression promoted the malignant biological behavior of OS cells, while its knockdown markedly reduced the oncogenic function of OS. Additionally, depletion of SFPQ inhibited OS growth and bone destruction in nude mice. SFPQ overexpression induced malignant biological behaviors, which could be rescued by the depletion of c-Myc. These results suggest an oncogenic role of SFPQ in OS, possibly through the c-Myc signaling pathway.

Photocatalytic Degradation and Toxicity Analysis of Sulfamethoxazole using TiO2/BC.

Sulfonamide antibiotics in the environment not only disrupt the ecological balance but can also enter the human or animal body in various forms and cause harm. Therefore, exploring efficient methods to degrade sulfonamide antibiotics is crucial. In this study, we prepared biochar (BC) using corn straw, and TiO2/BC was obtained by doping different proportions of TiO2 into biochar with varying carbonization temperatures using the sol-gel method. Next, we investigated the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in solution using the generated TiO2/BC under ultraviolet irradiation and studied the effects of various experimental parameters, such as the type of composite material, composite material addition, solution pH, and initial antibiotic concentration on SMX degradation. Under an initial SMX concentration of 30 mg/L, the composite with the best photocatalytic degradation performance was TiO2/BC-5-300 (i.e., 5 mL of TiO2 doping; 300 °C calcination temperature), with an addition amount of 0.02 g and a solution pH of 3. The degradation efficiency increased from 22.3% to 89%, and the most significant degradation effect occurred during the initial stage of photocatalytic degradation. In the TiO2/BC-5-300 treated SMX solution, the average rhizome length of bean sprouts was significantly higher than that of the untreated SMX solution and slightly lower than that of the deionized aqueous solution (3.05 cm < 3.85 cm < 4.05 cm). This confirmed that the photocatalytic degradation of SMX by the composite was effective and could efficiently reduce its impact on the growth of bean sprouts. This study provides essential data and theoretical support for using TiO2/BC in the treatment of antibiotic-contaminated wastewater.

[Function of transporter genes fscTI and fscTII in the biosynthetic cluster of candicidin/FR-008].

UNLABELLED: OBJECTIVE To investigate function of transporter genes fscTI and fscTII in the biosynthetic gene cluster of candicidin/FR-008. METHODS: We constructed a plasmid pJTU4137 for disruption of transporter genes fscTI and fscTII by conjugation and homologous recombinant. The transporter genes were also PCR amplified and cloned into the high-copy plasmid pJTU1278 for overexpression in strain ZYJ-6 derived from Streptomyces sp. FR-008. RESULTS: The disruption mutant LX10 was unable to produce candicidin and its analogues. Overexpression of FscTI and FscTII in ZYJ-6 caused a 1.5-fold increase in FR-008-III production compared with the control. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that fscTI and fscTII are function as ATP dependent ATP binding cassetle (ABC) transporters in the biosynthetic gene cluster of FR-008. Furthermore, a positive example was provided for improving antibiotic production in other polyene producing strains based on the results that overexpression of fscTI and fscTI increased candicidin production.

A Case of Facial Papular Elastorrhexis.

Papular elastorrhexis (PE) is a rare disorder of dermal elastic fibers, which presents as firm, hypopigmented papules, commonly distributed on the trunk and extremities. The facial area is rarely involved. We report the case of a 47-year-old woman with multiple asymptomatic, soft, skin-colored facial papules whose histopathological features are compatible with PE. Facial PE may be a variant of PE, and special staining in showing changes in both elastic and collagen fibers may be of great value in diagnosis.

Prognostic value of receptor tyrosine kinases in malignant melanoma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of immunohistochemistry.

Background: Substantial evidence suggests that receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are overexpressed in tumors; however, few studies have focused on the prognostic value of RTKs in melanoma. Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between overexpression of RTKs and survival in melanoma patients based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. Methods: Our review is registered on PROSPERO (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO), registration number CRD42021261460. Seven databases were searched, and data were extracted. We used IHC to measure the association between overexpression of RTKs and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and clinicopathology in melanoma patients. Pooled analysis was conducted to assess the differences between Hazard Ratios along with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Of 5,508 publications examined following the database search, 23 publications were included in this study, which included data from a total of 2,072 patients. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) overexpression was associated with worse OS and DFS in melanoma. Furthermore, there was an association between OS and the expression of several RTKs, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGF-R1), and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). There were no significant correlations between EGFR overexpression and worse DFS or PFS. EGFR overexpression was associated with worse OS cutaneous and nasal melanoma, but not uveal melanoma. However, MET overexpression was related to worse OS in both cutaneous and uveal melanoma. Furthermore, EGFR overexpression was associated with a worse OS in Europe compared to other geographic areas. Moreover, EGFR and MET overexpression showed significant prognostic value in patients with the cut-off "≥10% staining". Conclusions: Our findings build concrete evidence that overexpression of RTKs is associated with poor prognosis and clinicopathology in melanoma, highlighting RTK expression has the potential to inform individualized combination therapies and accurate prognostic evaluation.

miR-1297 inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation and growth by targeting CCND2.

Cyclin D2 (CCND2) is abnormally overexpressed in many tumor types and has been associated with tumor cell proliferation. Although the important role of miR-1297 is well established, the molecular mechanism between CCND2 and miR-1297 in osteosarcoma (OS) has not been determined. In the present study, we found CCND2 was highly expressed in OS cells, and its downregulation suppressed cell proliferation, resulting in G1 phase cell cycle arrest. In contrast, miR-1297 was lowly expressed in OS compared to normal tissue. Several data platforms predicted that CCND2 was a target of miR-1297, which was validated by a dual-luciferase reporter assay that revealed miR-1297 could bind with CCND2-3'UTR. miR-1297 overexpression greatly inhibited CCND2 protein expression and exerted the same phenotypic effect as CCND2 downregulation in OS cells. Furthermore, miR-1297 inhibition could also be rescued by CCND2. Nude mice injected cells stable overexpressing miR-1297 OS cells showed lower size and tumor weight. Moreover, lower fluorescence activity recorded by in vivo imaging system and bone erosion revealed by microCT in the miR-1297 group demonstrated miR-1297 inhibited OS tumor growth via CCND2. Our findings demonstrated that miR-1297 can inhibit proliferation and tumor growth in OS by directly targeting CCND2, which indicates that miR-1297 may represent a novel therapeutic target for OS.