Two-Dimensional Organic Supramolecule via Hydrogen Bonding and π-π Stacking for Ultrahigh Capacity and Long-Life Aqueous Zinc-Organic Batteries.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising for next-generation energy storage. However, the reported electrode materials for ZIBs are facing shortcomings including low capacity and unsatisfactory cycling stability etc. Herein, hexaazatrinaphthalene-quione (HATNQ) is reported for aqueous ZIBs. The HATNQ electrodes delivered an ultrahigh capacity (482.5 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 ) and outstanding cyclability of >10 000 cycles at 5 A g-1 . The capacity sets a new record for organic cathodes in aqueous ZIBs. The high performances are ascribed to the rich C=O and C=N groups that endowed HATNQ with a 2D layered supramolecular structure by multiple hydrogen bonds in plane with π-π interactions out-of-plane, leading to enhanced charge transfer, insolubility, and rapid ion transport for fast-charge and -discharge batteries. Moreover, the 2D supramolecular structure boosted the storage of Zn2+ /H+ , particularly the storage of Zn2+ , due to the more favorable O⋅⋅⋅Zn⋅⋅⋅N coordination in HATNQ.

Controlled reversible buckling of polydopamine spherical microcapsules: revealing the hidden rich phenomena of post-buckling of spherical polymeric shells.

Under external pressure compression, various kinds of artificial microcapsules can undergo buckling induced deformation and catastrophic rupturing failure, which needs to be understood for their diverse practical applications. For this, many theories and numerical simulations have recently emerged, leading to some intriguing but often debatable predictions and scaling laws. However, experimental testing of these predictions is very limited, due to challenges in realizing prescribed buckling pathways and in situ monitoring of the buckling procedure. Herein, we report the buckling behaviors of well-defined spherical polydopamine (PDA) capsules with tunable sizes and homogeneous nanoscale shells. Simple but controlled solvent evaporation was implemented inside a home-made optical chamber to induce buckling of PDA capsules by following a prescribed pathway toward targeted shapes that are only dictated by the inherent material properties of the capsules. In addition, the buckling speed was slowed down to the timescale of minutes, which can prevent buckling from being trapped at some metastable intermediate states as well as facilitating in situ optical monitoring of the whole buckling procedure in slow motion. In this way, several classic buckling behaviors were clearly observed, including the sudden appearance of spinodal-like dimples above critical pressures, transition of the indentation rim from the axisymmetric to polygonal shape, and evolution of multi-indented buckling into single indented buckling following Ostwald ripening. These observations are qualitatively comparable with recent predictions from numerical results. Furthermore, some novel buckling phenomena have been reported for the first time, which might stimulate further theories and numerical simulations.

Nanofilamentous Virus-Based Dynamic Hydrogels with Tunable Internal Structures, Injectability, Self-Healing, and Sugar Responsiveness at Physiological pH.

With expanding applications of hydrogels in diverse fields ranging from biomaterials to sensors, actuators, and soft robotics, there is an urgent need to endow one single gel with multiple physicochemical properties, such as stimuli-responsiveness, injectability, self-healing, and tunable internal structures. However, it is challenging to simultaneously incorporate these highly sought-after properties into one single gel. Herein, a conceptual hydrogel system with all of these properties is presented via combining bioconjugate chemistry, filamentous viruses, and dynamic covalent bonds. Nanofilamentous bioconjugates with diol affinity were prepared by coupling a tailor-synthesized low-p Ka phenylboronic acid (PBA) derivative to a well-defined green nanofiber the M13 virus with a high aspect ratio (PBA-M13). Dynamic hydrogels with tunable mechanical strength were prepared by using multiple diol-containing agents such as poly(vinyl alcohol) to cross-link such PBA-M13 via the classic boronic-diol dynamic bonds. The as-prepared hydrogels exhibit excellent injectability and self-healing behaviors as well as easy chemical accessibility of the PBA moieties on the virus backbone inside the gel matrix. Ordered internal structures were imparted into virus-based hydrogels by simple shear-induced alignment of the virus nanofibers. Furthermore, unique hydrogels with chiral internal structures were fabricated through in situ gelation induced by diffusion of diol-containing molecules to fix the chiral liquid crystal phase of the PBA-M13 virus. Sugar responsiveness of this gel leads to a glucose-regulated release behavior of payloads such as insulin. All of these properties have been implemented at physiological pH, which will facilitate future applications of these hydrogels as biomaterials.

Dual-Band All-Optical Logic Gates by Coherent Absorption in an Amorphous Silicon Graphene Metasurface.

The dual-band polarization-independent all-optical logic gate by coherent absorption effect in an amorphous silicon (a-Si) graphene metasurface is investigated theoretically and numerically. Taking the substrate effect into consideration, the coherent perfect absorption condition of the a-Si graphene metasurface is derived on the basis of the Cartesian multipole method. The coherent nearly perfect absorption of the a-Si graphene metasurface is realized by the interference of multipole moments and the interband transition of monolayer graphene, achieving peak values of 91% and 92% at 894.5 nm and 991.5 nm, respectively. The polarization independence of the coherent absorption is revealed due to the center symmetry of the structure of the a-Si graphene metasurface. The dual-band polarization-independent all-optical XOR and OR logic gates are implemented at 894.5 nm and 991.5 nm by the a-Si graphene metasurface based on the coherent nearly perfect absorption, which has the opportunity to be utilized in all-optical computing, all-optical data processing, and future all-optical networks.

Mendelian randomization and single-cell expression analyses identify the causal relationship between depression and chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: The causative relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and depression remains unclear. Herein we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) coupled with single-cell analysis to investigate the causality between CRS and depression. Methods: Data pertaining to CRS and depression were mined from the genome-wide association study database, and a single-cell dataset was sourced from the literature. To explore causality, we conducted bidirectional MR analysis using MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighted (IVW), simple mode, and weighted mode, with IVW representing the most important method. Further, sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of MR analysis results. Candidate genes were analyzed via single-cell combined MR analysis. Results: Forward MR analysis indicated depression as a risk factor for CRS when depression was the exposure factor and CRS was the outcome (OR = 1.425, P < 0.001). Reverse MR analysis revealed the same positive relationship between CRS and depression when CRS was the exposure factor and depression was the outcome (OR = 1.012, P = 0.038). Sensitivity analysis validated the robustness of bidirectional MR analysis results. Ten cell types (endothelial, ciliated, basal, myeloid, mast, apical, plasma, glandular, fibroblast, and T cells) were identified in the single-cell dataset. The network of receptor-ligand pairs showed that in normal samples, cell-cell interactions were present among various cell types, such as epithelial, mast, myeloid, and endothelial cells. In contrast, CRS samples featured only one specific receptor-ligand pair, confined to myeloid cells. TCF4 and MEF2C emerged as potentially crucial for CRS-associated depression development. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a bidirectional causal relationship between CRS and depression, offering a new perspective on the association between CRS and depression.

Bell's palsy research hotspots and frontiers from 2002 to 2021: a bibliometric and visual analysis.

Bell's palsy is an idiopathic, acute, unilateral peripheral facial nerve paralysis, where incomplete or failed recovery causes substantial social and psychological stress to the patient, seriously influencing their quality of life and social activities. We conducted a bibliometric investigation of the knowledge structure and frontier hotspots in Bell's palsy research. Bell's palsy publications between 2002 and 2021 were retrieved from Web of Science. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and an online bibliometric platform were used for visual, burst, citation, and co-occurrence analyses, respectively. A total of 1,378 publications were included. The annual Bell's palsy publication output followed an upward trend from 2002 to 2021. The USA and Harvard University published the most Bell's palsy research articles. Yeo SG and Otology & Neurotology were the most prolific author and journal, respectively, on Bell's palsy. The results suggested that Bell's palsy research hotspots focused on rehabilitating facial nerve function and improving prognosis, and combining specific therapies (acupuncture) would be of future interest. The cited references timeline revealed that Bell's palsy following COVID-19 vaccination was an emerging research hotspot. The bibliometric analysis demonstrated that the USA dominates Bell's palsy research and that rehabilitating facial nerve function and prognosis were research hotspots. Emerging mechanistic studies mainly focused on Bell's palsy following COVID-19 vaccination. Our findings could be a reliable source for global scholars to rapidly identify research hotspots and potential research directions and frontiers.

A bibliometric and visualization analysis of global research on vestibular schwannoma.

BACKGROUND: Vestibular schwannoma is the most common benign tumor in the pontocerebellar horn region. As the tumor grows, it often causes severe hearing loss due to compression of nearby nerves, resulting in a lower quality of life. This study examined vestibular schwannoma-related research through a bibliometric and visualization analysis, and it explored current trends and research hot spots. METHODS: Research related to vestibular schwannoma published from 2002 to 2021 was searched using the Web of Science Core Collection. The processing and visualization analysis of the data were conducted using R software, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. RESULTS: A total of 3,909 publications were included in this study, and an overall increasing trend in the annual output of publications was found. The United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom were the most prolific countries, publishing the most articles. Germany had the most frequent international cooperation and the highest centrality score. The Mayo Clinic, University of California, and Harvard University were the three most productive institutions. Otology & Neurotology was the most prolific journal, and MJ Link was the most productive and highest scoring author for centrality. Current frontier topics mainly focused on "hearing preservation" and "radiosurgery". A map of trends in topics and a thematic graph revealed that "hearing loss", "vertigo", "magnetic resonance imaging", "radiosurgery", "stereotactic radiosurgery", and "gamma knife" were the topics of focus of current discussions. CONCLUSION: Hearing preservation is a current frontier topic in this area. Radiosurgery has a promising future in the field of vestibular schwannoma, and stereotactic radiosurgery is a focus of global attention. Bibliometric and visualization analysis offer a unique and objective perspective of the field of vestibular schwannoma and may assist scholars in the identification of new research directions.

Case report: regression of aspiration pneumonitis after nasal endoscopic repair of traumatic cerebrospinal fluid nasal leak.

Aspiration pneumonitis is an inflammatory lung disease caused by the inhalation of oropharyngeal secretions colonized by pathogenic bacteria. Accurate diagnosis of aspiration pneumonitis can be challenging, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is often overlooked as a rare cause of aspiration. In this case report, we present the case of a 48-year-old male patient who experienced right-sided nasal flow of clear watery secretions for 6 months, accompanied by a dry cough as the major symptom. Through comprehensive assessment of clinical symptoms, sinus imaging, nasal endoscopy, and relevant laboratory testing, a presumptive diagnosis of traumatic cribriform plate fracture with CSF rhinorrhea was made. Chest imaging revealed flocculent ground glass shadows in the bilateral lungs. After ruling out viral pneumonia, nasal endoscopic repair of the skull base defect was performed. The patient's dry cough and rhinorrhea symptoms resolved within 1 week after surgery, and the pneumonia showed significant improvement and complete resolution within 2 weeks postoperatively. Despite the absence of characteristic symptoms and evident inhalation factors, chronic CSF rhinorrhea caused by the cribriform plate fracture was ultimately identified as the primary etiology of the patient's aspiration pneumonitis. This rare case highlights the importance of considering traumatic CSF rhinorrhea as an uncommon cause of aspiration, which can enhance physicians' awareness and focus on the less-common etiologies of aspiration. Such awareness can contribute to more accurate diagnosis and early operative intervention, particularly in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Global trends in the research on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: A 20-year bibliometric and visualization analysis.

Background: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo. Although BPPV is benign, its underlying mechanisms are complicated, and patients diagnosed with BPPV are significantly affected by it in their daily lives. Hence, this study's purpose was to investigate global trends and frontiers in the field of BPPV. Methods: We searched the research literature published from 2002 to 2021 on BPPV using two databases from the Web of Science Core Collection, and we conducted a bibliometric and visualization analysis. Bibliometric tools were used to perform co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence analyses of countries or regions, institutions, authors, journals, keywords, and references. Results: In all, 1,419 publications from 4,594 authors, 1,542 institutions, and 65 countries or regions with 71 subject categories were included in the study. The number of articles increased gradually from 2002 to 2021. Seoul National University, the University of Munich, and Osaka University were among the leading institutions with the most publications, while United States of America, South Korea, and China were the leading countries. JS Kim was the most prolific author, Otology & Neurotology was the most prolific journal, and Otorhinolaryngology was the most published subject category. The five most frequently occurring keywords were BPPV, vertigo, dizziness, nystagmus, and management and the top research hot spots were osteoporosis and vitamin D. Conclusion: This study systematically analyzed trends in global scientific research on BPPV. The academic understanding of BPPV has improved significantly over the last two decades, with osteoporosis and vitamin D the two main research hot spots in the field of BPPV in recent years. These findings provide direction for current research to grasp the trends and research frontiers of current research.