Sleeve gastrectomy decreased hepatic lipid accumulation by inducing autophagy via AMPK/mTOR pathway.

This study was designed to investigate the roles of autophagy in the attenuation of hepatic lipid accumulation after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Thirty-two rats were divided into normal control, obesity group, sham group, and SG group. Then serum glucagon-like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) and lipid accumulation were determined, followed by measuring the activity of autophagy based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot analysis. Our data showed significant decrease in the lipid accumulation after SG compared with sham group. GLP-1 and autophagy showed significant increase in rats underwent SG compared with the sham group (P < 0.05). In vitro experiments were conducted to analyze the roles of GLP-1 in autophagy. We knock-downed the expression of Beclin-1 in HepG2, and then analyzed the expression of autophagy-related protein (i.e. LC3BII and LC3BI) and lipid droplet accumulation. In HepG2 cells, GLP-1 analog reduced lipid accumulation by activating autophagy through modulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. All these concluded that SG decreased hepatic lipid accumulation by inducing autophagy through modulating AMPK/mTOR pathway.

Effects of latanoprost on the expression of TGF-ß1 and Wnt / ß-catenin signaling pathway in the choroid of form-deprivation myopia rats.

In this study, we investigated the effect of latanoprost on the expression of TGF- ß1 and Wnt / ß - Catenin signal pathway in the choroid of form-deprivation myopia model rats. Forty rats were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the FDM model group. Each group had 20 rats. The FDM model group was established by feeding latanoprost daily for 28 days. 15 rats in each group were used to measure the length of the ocular axis and the level of TGF-ß1 in choroidal tissue; the remaining 5 rats in each group were used for choroidal fibroblast culture. After modeling, the rats were killed, the length of the ocular axis was measured with a vernier caliper, and the level of TGF - ß1 protein and mRNA in the choroidal tissue of each group were measured with RT-PCR method. Results showed that compared with the control group, there was a significant difference in the axial length of the FDM model group (P< 0.05). There was a significant difference in the expression of TGF- ß1 protein and mRNA between the two groups (P<0.05). The cultured cells were identified as choroidal fibroblasts by immunocytochemistry. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the comparison of GSK3 ß protein in choroidal fibroblasts of rats in each group. TGF-ß 1 and APC protein in FDM group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), while dcl3, p21-gsk3 ß and ß - Catenin proteins were significantly higher (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the ratio of various indexes protein in FDM + ddk1 group and the comparison of TGF - ß1 and APC protein in FDM + ddk1 group and FDM group The expression of dcl3, p21-gsk3 ß and ß - Catenin decreased significantly (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of GSK3 ß mRNA in the choroidal fibroblasts of each group (P>0.05). The expression of TGF - ß 1 and APC mRNA in FDM group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), while the expression of dcl3, p21-gsk3 ß and ß-catenin mRNA in FDM + ddk1 group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05) >In FDM + ddk1 group, TGF-ß 1 and APC mRNA were significantly lower than those in FDM group (P<0.05), while dcl3, p21-gsk3 ß and ß-Catenin mRNA were significantly higher (P<0.05).