APOE ε4-associated downregulation of the IL-7/IL-7R pathway in effector memory T cells: Implications for Alzheimer's disease.

INTRODUCTION: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele exerts a significant influence on peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS: The present study enrolled 54 patients diagnosed with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD; including 28 APOE ε4 carriers and 26 non-carriers). Plasma inflammatory cytokine concentration was assessed, alongside bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS: Plasma tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, and interleukin (IL)-33 levels increased in the APOE ε4 carriers but IL-7 expression notably decreased. A negative correlation was observed between plasma IL-7 level and the hippocampal atrophy degree. Additionally, the expression of IL-7R and CD28 also decreased in PBMCs of APOE ε4 carriers. ScRNA-seq data results indicated that the changes were mainly related to the CD4+ Tem (effector memory) and CD8+ Tem T cells. DISCUSSION: These findings shed light on the role of the downregulated IL-7/IL-7R pathway associated with the APOE ε4 allele in modulating neuroinflammation and hippocampal atrophy. HIGHLIGHTS: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele decreases plasma interleukin (IL)-7 and aggravates hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. Plasma IL-7 level is negatively associated with the degree of hippocampal atrophy. The expression of IL-7R signaling decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of APOE ε4 carriers Dysregulation of the IL-7/IL-7R signal pathways enriches T cells.

Unexcited Light Source Imaging for Biomedical Applications.

Optical imaging has a wide range of applications in the biomedical field, allowing the visualization of physiological processes and helping in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Unexcited light source imaging technologies, such as chemiluminescence imaging, bioluminescence imaging and afterglow imaging have attracted great attention in recent years because of the absence of excitation light interference in their application and the advantages of high sensitivity and high signal-to-noise ratio. In this review, the latest advances in unexcited light source imaging technology for biomedical applications are highlighted. The design strategies of unexcited light source luminescent probes in improving luminescence brightness, penetration depth, quantum yield and targeting, and their applications in inflammation imaging, tumor imaging, liver and kidney injury imaging and bacterial infection imaging are introduced in detail. The research progress and future prospects of unexcited light source imaging for medical applications are further discussed.

Calmodulin and Its Interactive Proteins Participate in Regulating the Explosive Growth of Alexandrium pacificum (Dinoflagellate).

Alexandrium pacificum is a typical dinoflagellate that can cause harmful algal blooms, resulting in negative impacts on ecology and human health. The calcium (Ca2+) signal transduction pathway plays an important role in cell proliferation. Calmodulin (CaM) and CaM-related proteins are the main cellular Ca2+ sensors, and can act as an intermediate in the Ca2+ signal transduction pathway. In this study, the proteins that interacted with CaM of A. pacificum were screened by two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis and far western blots under different growth conditions including lag phase and high phosphorus and manganese induced log phase (HPM). The interactive proteins were then identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Four proteins were identified, including Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase, serine/threonine kinase, annexin, and inositol-3-phosphate synthase, which all showed high expression levels under HPM. The gene expression levels encoding these four proteins were also up-regulated under HPM, as revealed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, suggesting that the identified proteins participate in the Ca2+ transport channel and cell cycle regulation to promote cell division. A network of proteins interacting with CaM and their target proteins involved in the regulation of cell proliferation was raised, which provided new insights into the mechanisms behind the explosive growth of A. pacificum.

Diabetic Kidney Disease: Contribution of Phenyl Sulfate Derived from Dietary Tyrosine upon Gut Microbiota Catabolism.

Deranged gut microbiota can release increased levels of uremic toxins leading to exacerbated kidney injury. In diabetic kidney disease (DKD), phenyl sulfate (PS) derived from tyrosine catabolism by gut microbiota has been demonstrated to be both an early diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target. In this perspective article, we summarize PS generation pathways and recent findings on PS and kidney injury in DKD. Increasing evidence has shown that the underlying mechanisms of PS-induced kidney injury mainly involve oxidative stress, redox imbalance, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which all may be targeted to attenuate PS-induced kidney injury. For future research directions, we think that a deeper understanding of the pathogenic role of PS in kidney injury using a variety of diabetic animal models should be investigated. Moreover, we also suggest beneficial approaches that could be used to mitigate the deleterious effect of PS on the kidney. These approaches include caloric restriction, tyrosine restriction, and administration of ketogenic drugs, ketogenic diets or natural products; all of which should be conducted under obese and diabetic conditions.

Bismuth-Doped Carbon Dots Decorated Escherichia coli for Enhanced Hydrogen Production.

Photosynthetic inorganic biohybrid systems (PBSs) combining an inorganic photosensitizer with intact living cells provide an innovative view for solar hydrogen production. However, typical whole-cell biohybrid systems often suffer from sluggish electron transfer kinetics during transmembrane diffusion, which severely limits the efficiency of solar hydrogen production. Here, a unique biohybrid system with a quantum yield of 8.42% was constructed by feeding bismuth-doped carbon dots (Bi@CDS) to Escherichia coli (E. coli). In this biohybrid system, Bi@CDS can enter the cells and transfer the electrons upon light irradiation, greatly reducing the energy loss and shortening the distance of electron transfer. More importantly, the photocatalytic hydrogen production of the E. coli-Bi@CDs biohybrid system reached up to 0.95 mmol within 3 h under light irradiation (420-780 nm, 2000 W m-2), which is 1.36 and 2.38 times higher than that in the E. coli-CDs biohybrid system and the E. coli system, respectively. In addition, the mechanism of enhanced hydrogen production was further explored. It was found that the accelerated decomposition of glucose, the accelerated production of pyruvate, the inhibition of lactic acid, and the increase of formic acid were the reasons for the increase of hydrogen production. This work provides a novel strategy for improving the hydrogen production in photosynthetic inorganic biohybrid systems.

Brain abscess from oral microbiota approached by metagenomic next-generation sequencing: A case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Brain abscess is a serious and potentially fatal disease caused primarily by microbial infection. Although progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of brain abscesses, the diagnostic timeliness of pathogens needs to be improved. CASE SUMMARY: We report the case of a 54-year-old male with a brain abscess caused by oral bacteria. The patient recovered well after receiving a combination of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS)-assisted guided medication and surgery. CONCLUSION: Therefore, mNGS may be widely applied to identify the pathogenic microorganisms of brain abscesses and guide precision medicine.

Association between blood urea nitrogen-to-potassium ratio and 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: The mortality risk is exceptionally high in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and hypokalemia are prevalent issues in patients with non-traumatic SAH. To explore the correlation between the blood urea nitrogen-to-potassium ratio (BPR) and 30-day all-cause mortality in non-traumatic SAH patients. METHODS: We systematically extracted specific clinical data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive IV (MIMIC-IV) database. To assess the prognostic relevance of the BPR, we categorized patients into those experiencing in-hospital mortality within 30 days and those surviving, subjecting them to both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The optimal BPR cut-off value was identified using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, employing the maximum Youden index to predict survival status. Furthermore, we employed Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis to illustrate survival curves. RESULTS: A cohort comprising 608 patients with non-traumatic SAH was enrolled in the investigation. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified the BPR as an independent predictor of all-cause mortality within 30 days of admission for patients with non-traumatic SAH (Hazard Ratio [HR], 1.13; 95 % Confidence Interval [CI], 1.04---1.23; P<0.05). Further refinement resulted in the establishment of an optimized prediction model (AUC=83.61 %, 95 % CI: 79.73 % - 87.49 %) for forecasting all-cause mortality at 30 days post-hospital admission in patients with non-traumatic SAH. CONCLUSION: The BPR emerges as an independent prognostic indicator for all-cause mortality within the initial 30 days of admission among non-traumatic SAH patients.

Redox Imbalance and Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Kidney Disease-Volume II.

The kidney performs fundamental functions by eliminating metabolic waste and reabsorbing essential nutrients and electrolytes such as glucose, proteins, ions, and anions [...].

Cold inducible RNA binding protein-regulated mitochondria associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes-mediated Ca2+ transport play a critical role in hypothermia cerebral resuscitation.

Cardiac arrest is a global health issue causing more deaths than many other diseases. Hypothermia therapy is commonly used to treat secondary brain injury resulting from cardiac arrest. Previous studies have shown that CIRP is induced in specific brain regions during hypothermia and inhibits mitochondrial apoptotic factors. However, the specific mechanisms by which hypothermia-induced CIRP exerts its anti-apoptotic effect are still unknown. This study aims to investigate the role of Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) in mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM)-mediated Ca2+ transport during hypothermic brain resuscitation.We constructed a rat model of cardiac arrest and resuscitation and hippocampal neuron oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model. We utilized shRNA transfection to interfere the expression of CIRP and observe the effect of CIRP on the structure and function of MAM.Hypothermia induced CIRP can reduce the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, and improve the survival rate of rats. Hypothermia induced CIRP can reduce the expressions of calcium transporters IP3R and VDAC1 in MAM, reduce the concentration of calcium in mitochondria, decrease the expression of ROS, and stabilize the mitochondrial membrane potential. Immunofluorescence and immunocoprecipitation showed that CIRP could directly interact with IP3R-VDAC1 complex, thereby changing the structure of MAM, inhibiting calcium transportation and improving mitochondrial function in vivo and vitro.Both in vivo and in vitro experiments have confirmed that hypothermia induced CIRP can act on the calcium channel IP3R-VDAC1 in MAM, reduce the calcium overload in mitochondria, improve the energy metabolism of mitochondria, and thus play a role in neuron resuscitation. This study contributes to understanding hypothermia therapy and identifies potential targets for brain injury treatment.

Hydroxylated TiO2-induced high-density Ni clusters for breaking the activity-selectivity trade-off of CO2 hydrogenation.

The reverse water gas shift reaction can be considered as a promising route to mitigate global warming by converting CO2 into syngas in a large scale, while it is still challenging for non-Cu-based catalysts to break the trade-off between activity and selectivity. Here, the relatively high loading of Ni species is highly dispersed on hydroxylated TiO2 through the strong Ni and -OH interactions, thereby inducing the formation of rich and stable Ni clusters (~1 nm) on anatase TiO2 during the reverse water gas shift reaction. This Ni cluster/TiO2 catalyst shows a simultaneous high CO2 conversion and high CO selectivity. Comprehensive characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrate Ni cluster/TiO2 interfacial sites with strong CO2 activation capacity and weak CO adsorption are responsible for its unique catalytic performances. This work disentangles the activity-selectivity trade-off of the reverse water gas shift reaction, and emphasizes the importance of metal-OH interactions on surface.

[Research progress of mechanisms of acupuncture in treating slow transit constipation].

As an important part of the traditional Chinese medicine treatment system, acupuncture therapy has been used in the treatment of slow transit constipation (STC) for a long time and has achieved good clinical effects. This article reviews research on the effects of acupuncture therapy on STC published in recent years, focusing on the mechanism of acupuncture on the enteric nervous system, neurotransmitters, interstitial cells of Cajal, smooth muscle cells, gastrointestinal motility, psychological factors and intestinal microecology of STC, in order to provide reference for the clinical application and mechanism research of acupuncture in the treatment of STC in the future.

Homocysteine increases uterine artery blood flow resistance in women with pregnancy loss.

OBJECTIVE: Uterine arterial blood flow is an important factor in embryonic development. Increased uterine artery blood flow resistance may be related to vascular damage. Homocysteine (HCY) can induce injury of endothelial through various pathways. Therefore, we investigate the association between serum HCY levels and uterine artery blood flow in the non-pregnant state in women who have experienced pregnancy loss (PL). METHODS: 364 women eligible for PL were included in the study. The detection of HCY was completed by the Laboratory of Lanzhou University Second Hospital. We divided the patients into three groups: Low-HCY (HCY<10 umol/L, n = 144), Medium-HCY (HCY 10∼15 umol/L, n = 174) and High-HCY (HCY>15 umol/L, n = 46). The patients were subjected to vaginal color Doppler ultrasonography to measure bilateral uterine artery resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI) and peak systolic velocity/end diastolic velocity (S/D). RESULT: Among 364 women, the right uterine artery RI in L-HCY, M-HCY, and H-HCY groups were 0.78±0.08, 0.79±0.07 and 0.81±0.07, respectively (P = 0.04). The left uterine artery RI in L-HCY, M-HCY, and H-HCY groups were 0.78±0.08, 0.81±0.07 and 0.81±0.07, respectively (P = 0.01). The right uterine artery RI level and the left uterine artery RI was significantly associated with HCY level (r = 0.103, P = 0.050; r = 0.104, P = 0.047, respectively). Of these, 177 women experienced their next pregnancy, and 33 patients experienced PL again. The pregnancy rate in l-HCY, M-HCY, and HHCY groups were 47.92% (69/144), 49.43% (86/174) and 47.83% (22/46), respectively (P = 0.95). In next pregnancy, the PL rate in l-HCY, M-HCY, and HHCY groups were 8.70% (6/69), 22.58% (22/86) and 22.73% (5/22), respectively (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: HCY can increase the uterine artery resistance in the non-pregnant state and is associated with the abortion rate of next pregnancy.

Cooperating with Different Types of Strangers: The Influence of Guanxi Perception, Trust, and Responsibility.

This study explored people's estimation of cooperative intention when paired with people with different types of relationships, and the mediating roles of trust and responsibility between guanxi perception and the estimation of cooperative intention. We recruited 398 university students from the Greater Bay Area of China to complete two public goods dilemma experiments. Study 1 manipulated the type of partner to be either family member, classmate, and stranger, representing different types of guanxi. Study 2 manipulated the type of partner to be either stranger with intermediary, stranger within ingroup, and complete stranger. In both studies, the mediating roles of trust and responsibility in the relationship between guanxi perception and the estimation of cooperative intention were tested. The results of study 1 showed that the participants' estimation of cooperative intention with a family member was higher than with acquaintances or with strangers. In study 2, the estimation of cooperative intention with stranger with intermediary was higher than with a stranger within one's ingroup or with a complete stranger. Multivariate analysis verified the mediating effects. The results are discussed with reference to why Chinese people treat different types of guanxi distinctly, especially to different types of strangers, and how guanxi perception, trust, and responsibility work together to the influence of the estimation of cooperative intention.

THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF C23 IN A RAT MODEL OF CARDIAC ARREST AND RESUSCITATION.

ABSTRACT: Background : Systemic inflammation acts as a contributor to neurologic deficits after cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding, protein (CIRP) has been demonstrated to be responsible in part for the inflammation through binding to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) after cerebral ischemia. The short peptide C23 derived from CIRP has a high affinity for TLR4, we hypothesize that C23 reduces systemic inflammation after CA/CPR by blocking the binding of CIRP to TLR4. Methods : Adult male SD rats in experimental groups were subjected to 5 min of CA followed by resuscitation. C23 peptide (8 mg/kg) or normal saline was injected intraperitoneally at the beginning of the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Results : The expressions of CIRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß in serum and brain tissues were significantly increased at 24 h after ROSC ( P < 0.05). C23 treatment could markedly decrease the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß in serum ( P < 0.05). Besides, it can decrease the expressions of TLR4, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß in the cortex and hippocampus and inhibit the colocalization of CIRP and TLR4 ( P < 0.05). In addition, C23 treatment can reduce the apoptosis of hippocampus neurons ( P < 0.05). Finally, the rats in the C23 group have improved survival rate and neurological prognosis ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that C23 can reduce systemic inflammation and it has the potential to be developed into a possible therapy for post-CA syndrome.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may be superior to drug therapy in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation therapy that is primarily used to treat a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions. Recently, previous research reports stated that rTMS have the characteristics of neurorestorative in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relevant clinical research evidence has not been fully summarized. METHODS: This article performed a network meta-analysis of individual participant data from eligible studies searched in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to March 31, 2022. The drug treatments involved were acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), anti-amyloid-beta (Aß), and some new targeted therapeutic drugs. RESULTS: A total of 15, 548 individuals with AD disease in 57 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that the patients who received rTMS treatment (standard mean difference [SMD]: 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22-1.07) had a better MMSE score than placebo. Treatment outcome analysis showed that, compared with multiple pharmacological interventions, rTMS acquired the greatest probability rank with the best cognitive improvement in MMSE score [the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) 93.3%] and ADAS-cog score (SUCRA 86.7%). At the same time, rTMS treatment had the lowest rank in the adverse events (SUCRA 24.1%) except for the placebo group (SUCRA 19.1%). CONCLUSION: Compared with the current clinical drug treatment, rTMS demonstrated better cognitive function improvement and fewer adverse events in AD patients. Therefore, rTMS shows broad prospects in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and it is worth being widely popularized in clinic.

Cascade NH3 Oxidation and N2O Decomposition via Bifunctional Co and Cu Catalysts.

The selective catalytic oxidation of NH3 (NH3-SCO) to N2 is an important reaction for the treatment of diesel engine exhaust. Co3O4 has the highest activity among non-noble metals but suffers from N2O release. Such N2O emissions have recently been regulated due to having a 300× higher greenhouse gas effect than CO2. Here, we design CuO-supported Co3O4 as a cascade catalyst for the selective oxidation of NH3 to N2. The NH3-SCO reaction on CuO-Co3O4 follows a de-N2O pathway. Co3O4 activates gaseous oxygen to form N2O. The high redox property of the CuO-Co3O4 interface promotes the breaking of the N-O bond in N2O to form N2. The addition of CuO-Co3O4 to the Pt-Al2O3 catalyst reduces the full NH3 conversion temperature by 50 K and improves the N2 selectivity by 20%. These findings provide a promising strategy for reducing N2O emissions and will contribute to the rational design and development of non-noble metal catalysts.

Partially sintered copper‒ceria as excellent catalyst for the high-temperature reverse water gas shift reaction.

For high-temperature catalytic reaction, it is of significant importance and challenge to construct stable active sites in catalysts. Herein, we report the construction of sufficient and stable copper clusters in the copper‒ceria catalyst with high Cu loading (15 wt.%) for the high-temperature reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. Under very harsh working conditions, the ceria nanorods suffered a partial sintering, on which the 2D and 3D copper clusters were formed. This partially sintered catalyst exhibits unmatched activity and excellent durability at high temperature. The interaction between the copper and ceria ensures the copper clusters stably anchored on the surface of ceria. Abundant in situ generated and consumed surface oxygen vacancies form synergistic effect with adjacent copper clusters to promote the reaction process. This work investigates the structure-function relation of the catalyst with sintered and inhomogeneous structure and explores the potential application of the sintered catalyst in C1 chemistry.

Ptn-Ov synergistic sites on MoOx/γ-Mo2N heterostructure for low-temperature reverse water-gas shift reaction.

In heterogeneous catalysis, the interface between active metal and support plays a key role in catalyzing various reactions. Specially, the synergistic effect between active metals and oxygen vacancies on support can greatly promote catalytic efficiency. However, the construction of high-density metal-vacancy synergistic sites on catalyst surface is very challenging. In this work, isolated Pt atoms are first deposited onto a very thin-layer of MoO3 surface stabilized on γ-Mo2N. Subsequently, the Pt-MoOx/γ-Mo2N catalyst, containing abundant Pt cluster-oxygen vacancy (Ptn-Ov) sites, is in situ constructed. This catalyst exhibits an unmatched activity and excellent stability in the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction at low temperature (300 °C). Systematic in situ characterizations illustrate that the MoO3 structure on the γ-Mo2N surface can be easily reduced into MoOx (2 < x < 3), followed by the creation of sufficient oxygen vacancies. The Pt atoms are bonded with oxygen atoms of MoOx, and stable Pt clusters are formed. These high-density Ptn-Ov active sites greatly promote the catalytic activity. This strategy of constructing metal-vacancy synergistic sites provides valuable insights for developing efficient supported catalysts.

Increase of ALCAM and VCAM-1 in the plasma predicts the Alzheimer's disease.

Cell adhesion molecules (CAM) are crucial in several pathological inflammation processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their potential for clinical diagnostics remains unknown. The present investigation evaluated the clinical significance of ALCAM, VCAM-1, NCAM, and ICAM-1 levels in the plasma of participants with cognitive impairment (44 patients with mild cognitive impairment, 71 patients with Alzheimer's dementia, and 18 patients with other dementia) and 28 controls with normal cognitive ability. We also detected plasma levels of multiple inflammatory factors (IFN-gamma, IL-18, IL-1beta, IL-13, IL-8, IL-7, CCL11, MCP-1, TSLP, IL-10, BDNF, IL-17, IL-5, TREM-1) using Multiplex liquid chip and plasma levels of Abeta1-42 and Abeta1-40 using liquid-phase flow cytometry (FCM). Our findings demonstrated a correlation of ALCAM and VCAM-1 with age, the severity of cognitive decline, and MTA, but no significant difference between groups for NCAM and ICAM-1. ALCAM and VCAM-1 both demonstrated a positive correlation with the degree of atrophy in the medial temporal lobe structure. Further analysis revealed no significant correlation in plasma between VCAM-1, ALCAM and Abeta1-40, Abeta1-42. Nevertheless, there was a significant correlation between VCAM-1, ALCAM and many inflammatory factors. Furthermore, the predictive value of ALCAM and VCAM-1 for AD was assessed using a multi-parameter regression model. ALCAM and VCAM-1 in combination with ApoE4, education, age, and MMSE could predict AD with high precision (AUC=0.891; AIC=146.9) without imaging diagnosis. ALCAM and VCAM-1 combination improved the predictive accuracy significantly. In a nutshell, these findings revealed ALCAM and VCAM-1 as reliable indicators of Alzheimer's disease.

Randomized Controlled Trial: Perioperative Dexamethasone Reduces Excessive Postoperative Inflammatory Response and Ileus After Surgery for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

BACKGROUND: An excessive postoperative inflammatory response is common after surgery for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and may be associated with an increased incidence of postoperative ileus. This study assessed the role of perioperative dexamethasone in postoperative ileus after IBD surgery. METHOD: Patients undergoing elective IBD surgery were randomized to either an intravenous 8-mg dose of dexamethasone (n = 151) or placebo (n = 151) upon induction of anesthesia. The primary outcome was the incidence of prolonged postoperative ileus. Secondary outcomes included incidence of reported nausea or vomiting, time to first passage of flatus and stool, GI-2 recovery, postoperative pain, length of stay, and surgical complications. RESULTS: An intention-to-treat analysis revealed that patients who received dexamethasone exhibited a lower incidence of prolonged postoperative ileus (22.5% vs 38.4%; P = 0.003), shorter time to first passage of stool (28 vs 48 h, P < 0.001), GI-2 recovery (72 vs 120 h; P < 0.001), reduced postoperative length of stay (9.0 vs 10.0 d; P = 0.002), and less postoperative pain (P < 0.05) compared with controls. Moreover, there were no significant differences in postoperative nausea or vomiting (P = 0.531), major postoperative complications (P = 0.165), or surgical site infections (P = 0.337) between the groups. A benefit was only observed in patients with Crohn's disease, restored bowel continuity, colon/rectal resections, and those who underwent open operations. CONCLUSION: A single, intravenous 8-mg dose of dexamethasone upon induction of anesthesia reduced the incidence of prolonged postoperative ileus, the intensity of postoperative pain, and shortened the postoperative length of stay for IBD patients undergoing elective surgery. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03456752.