RESUMEN
For the development of photonic integrated circuits and lithium niobate (L i N b O 3, LN) optical waveguide technology, the implementation and application of polarization devices based on LN are also becoming more widespread, where titanium (Ti)-diffused LN waveguides form the basis of many important electro-optic (EO) integrated optical devices. Moreover, utilizing polarization conversion has the potential to enhance both the effectiveness and capacity of optical transmission. Thus, we have presented an EO polarization mode converter packaging with PANDA polarization-maintaining optical fibers (PMFs) in the broadband wavelength range (1440-1620 nm) to obtain the multiwavelength modulation, featuring the wavelength tunability. Additionally, the fabricated device is able to achieve transverse electric (TE) to transverse magnetic (TM) mode conversion efficiently with the applied voltage of ±, which provides high conversion efficiency. Importantly, our device also features a high-frequency response of about 600 MHz with overall insertion loss below 5 dB. The rapid development of LN-based polarization devices holds great promise for chip-integrated systems in the field of polarization telecommunication.
RESUMEN
This study evaluated the advantages and applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)-supported percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation, based on clinical details. CEUS-supported percutaneous RFA was adopted to treat 12 patients with hepatic metastatic carcinomas after liver transplantation. The diameters of the metastatic carcinomas varied from 1 cm to 5 cm, and the foci were discovered after 3 months to 12 months. Each focus was diagnosed and localised by CEUS for RFA once or twice. Curative effects were evaluated by CEUS or contrast-enhanced CT after the treatment. The re-examination results at 2 weeks post-treatment showed that the foci of 11 patients were ablated completely, whereas one patient with the largest focus required retreatment by RFA because of a partial residue. No local recurrence was found one month later in the re-examination. CEUS-supported percutaneous RFA in the treatment of hepatic metastatic carcinoma after liver transplantation has the advantages of accurate localisation, good efficacy, easy operation, and minimal invasion without any complications. Therefore, it can be recommended as the preferred therapy for hepatic metastatic carcinoma after liver transplantation.