A high-performance deep-learning-based pipeline for whole-brain vasculature segmentation at the capillary resolution.

MOTIVATION: Reconstructing and analyzing all blood vessels throughout the brain is significant for understanding brain function, revealing the mechanisms of brain disease, and mapping the whole-brain vascular atlas. Vessel segmentation is a fundamental step in reconstruction and analysis. The whole-brain optical microscopic imaging method enables the acquisition of whole-brain vessel images at the capillary resolution. Due to the massive amount of data and the complex vascular features generated by high-resolution whole-brain imaging, achieving rapid and accurate segmentation of whole-brain vasculature becomes a challenge. RESULTS: We introduce HP-VSP, a high-performance vessel segmentation pipeline based on deep learning. The pipeline consists of three processes: data blocking, block prediction, and block fusion. We used parallel computing to parallelize this pipeline to improve the efficiency of whole-brain vessel segmentation. We also designed a lightweight deep neural network based on multi-resolution vessel feature extraction to segment vessels at different scales throughout the brain accurately. We validated our approach on whole-brain vascular data from three transgenic mice collected by HD-fMOST. The results show that our proposed segmentation network achieves the state-of-the-art level under various evaluation metrics. In contrast, the parameters of the network are only 1% of those of similar networks. The established segmentation pipeline could be used on various computing platforms and complete the whole-brain vessel segmentation in 3 h. We also demonstrated that our pipeline could be applied to the vascular analysis. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The dataset is available at http://atlas.brainsmatics.org/a/li2301. The source code is freely available at https://github.com/visionlyx/HP-VSP.

Biomimetic Hierarchically Silver Nanowire Interwoven MXene Mesh for Flexible Transparent Electrodes and Invisible Camouflage Electronics.

Flexible transparent electrodes demand high transparency, low sheet resistance, as well as excellent mechanical flexibility simultaneously, however they still remain to be a great challenge due to"trade-off" effect. Herein, inspired by a hollow interconnected leaf vein, we developed robust transparent conductive mesh with biomimetic interwoven structure via hierarchically self-assembles silver nanowires interwoven metal carbide/nitride (MXene) sheets along directional microfibers. Strong interfacial interactions between plant fibers and conductive units facilitate hierarchically interwoven conductive mesh constructed orderly on flexible and lightweight veins while maintaining high transparency, effectively avoiding the trade-off effect between optoelectronic properties. The flexible transparent electrodes exhibit sheet resistance of 0.5 Ω sq-1 and transparency of 81.6%, with a remarkably high figure of merit of 3523. In addition, invisible camouflage sensors are further successfully developed as a proof of concept that could monitor human body motion signals in an imperceptible state. The flexible transparent conductive mesh holds great potential in high-performance wearable optoelectronics and camouflage electronics.

High-Throughput and Accurate Determination of Transgene Copy Number and Zygosity in Transgenic Maize: From DNA Extraction to Data Analysis.

It is vital to develop high-throughput methods to determine transgene copy numbers initially and zygosity during subsequent breeding. In this study, the target sequence of the previously reported endogenous reference gene hmg was analyzed using 633 maize inbred lines, and two SNPs were observed. These SNPs significantly increased the PCR efficiency, while the newly developed hmg gene assay (hmg-taq-F2/R2) excluding these SNPs reduced the efficiency into normal ranges. The TaqMan amplification efficiency of bar and hmg with newly developed primers was calculated as 0.993 and 1.000, respectively. The inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV) values for the bar and hmg genes varied from 1.18 to 2.94%. The copy numbers of the transgene bar using new TaqMan assays were identical to those using dPCR. Significantly, the precision of one repetition reached 96.7% of that of three repetitions of single-copy plants analyzed by simple random sampling, and the actual accuracy reached 95.8%, confirmed by T1 and T2 progeny. With the high-throughput DNA extraction and automated data analysis procedures developed in this study, nearly 2700 samples could be analyzed within eight hours by two persons. The combined results suggested that the new hmg gene assay developed here could be a universal maize reference gene system, and the new assay has high throughput and high accuracy for large-scale screening of maize varieties around the world.

[Curcumin improves the impaired working memory in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ameliorative effect of curcumin pretreatment against impaired spatial working memory on global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats and to explore its mechanism. METHODS: After trained on a modified T-maze, 120 adult SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham group (S group), cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (IR group), curcumin group (C group), LPS group (L group) and curcumin+LPS group (C+L group). Rats were treated with drugs or vehicles 1 h before 10 min global cerebral ischemia. Six rats in each group 7 days after reperfusion were tested in T-maze. Six rats in each group were sacrificed at 2 h, 1, 3 and 7 d after reperfusion and their serum or brains were harvested. Brain sections were stained with HE or toluidine blue and neuronal damage was quantified by the average neuronal density of CA1 area. Immunohistochemical staining for hippocampal IL-1ß and TNF-α was carried out, levels of serum IL-1ß and TNF-α was detected using ELISA procedure. RESULTS: Compared with S group, percentage of T-maze correct responses was decreased (88% ± 12% vs 69% ± 8%, P < 0.05), an extensive pyramidal neurons loss in CA1 area was observed, level of IL-1ß (0.26 ± 0.04 vs 0.53 ± 0.06, P < 0.05;48 ± 13 vs 161 ± 31, P < 0.05) and TNF-α (40.244 ± 0.025 vs 0.418 ± 0.036, P < 0.05; 33 ± 4 vs 85 ± 15, P < 0.05) in hippocampi or serum was increased in IR group. Compared with IR group, percentage of T-maze correct responses was increased (78% ± 13%) and average pyramidal neuronal density in CA1 area was increased with an decrease in hippocampi or serum IL-1ß (0.44 ± 0.09, 72 ± 19) and TNF-α (0.307 ± 0.047, 57 ± 14) in C group(P < 0.05). Compared with IR group, percentage of T-maze correct responses (61% ± 6%) was decreased with IL-1ß (0.86 ± 0.13, 331 ± 51), TNF-α (0.735 ± 0.059, 185 ± 20) in hippocampi and serum was increased in L group (P < 0.05). Compared with L group, percentage of T-maze correct responses (69% ± 12%) and average pyramidal neuronal density in CA1 area was increased with IL-1ß (0.69 ± 0.09, 246 ± 24), TNF-α(0.586 ± 0.047, 105 ± 25) in hippocampi and serum was decreased in C+L group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Curcumin pretreatment improves the impaired spatial working memory in global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines.

Potassium affects the association between dietary intake of vitamin C and NAFLD among adults in the United States.

INTRODUCTION: Although the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and vitamin C has been well studied, the effects of dietary potassium intake on this relationship are still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of dietary potassium intake on the association between vitamin C and NAFLD. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional learn about with 9443 contributors the usage of 2007-2018 NHANES data. Multiple logistic regression evaluation has been utilized to check out the affiliation of dietary vitamin C intake with NAFLD and advanced hepatic fibrosis (AHF). Subsequently, we plotted a smoothed match curve to visualize the association. Especially, the analysis of AHF was conducted among the NAFLD population. In addition, stratified evaluation used to be developed primarily based on demographic variables to verify the steadiness of the results. Effect amendment by way of dietary potassium intake used to be assessed via interplay checks between vitamin C and NAFLD in the multivariable linear regression. RESULTS: In this cross-sectional study, we found that vitamin C was negatively related to NAFLD and AHF. The relationship between vitamin C and NAFLD was different in the low, middle and high potassium intake groups. Furthermore, potassium intake significantly modified the negative relationship between vitamin C and NAFLD in most of the models. CONCLUSION: Our research showed that potassium and vitamin C have an interactive effect in reducing NAFLD, which may have great importance for clinical medication.

Mechanically stimulated osteocytes maintain tumor dormancy in bone metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer by releasing small extracellular vesicles.

Although preclinical and clinical studies have shown that exercise can inhibit bone metastasis progression, the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we found that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells adjacent to bone tissue had a much lower proliferative capacity than the surrounding tumor cells in patients and mice. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that osteocytes, sensing mechanical stimulation generated by exercise, inhibit NSCLC cell proliferation and sustain the dormancy thereof by releasing small extracellular vesicles with tumor suppressor micro-RNAs, such as miR-99b-3p. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of mechanical loading and treadmill exercise on the bone metastasis progression of NSCLC in mice. As expected, mechanical loading of the tibia inhibited the bone metastasis progression of NSCLC. Notably, bone metastasis progression of NSCLC was inhibited by moderate exercise, and combinations with zoledronic acid had additive effects. Moreover, exercise preconditioning effectively suppressed bone metastasis progression. This study significantly advances the understanding of the mechanism underlying exercise-afforded protection against bone metastasis progression.

Bone transport induces the release of factors with multi-tissue regenerative potential for diabetic wound healing in rats and patients.

Tibial cortex transverse distraction is a surgical method for treating severe diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We show that antioxidant proteins and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with multiple-tissue regenerative potential are released during bone transport (BT) in humans and rats. These vesicles accumulate in diabetic wounds and are enriched with microRNAs (miRNAs) (e.g., miR-494-3p) that have high regenerative activities that improve the circulation of ischemic lower limbs while also promoting neovascularization, fibroblast migration, and nerve fiber regeneration. Deletion of miR-494-3p in rats reduces the beneficial effects of BT on diabetic wounds, while hydrogels containing miR-494-3p and reduced glutathione (GSH) effectively repair them. Importantly, the ginsenoside Rg1 can upregulate miR-494-3p, and a randomized controlled trial verifies that the regimen of oral Rg1 and GSH accelerates wound healing in refractory DFU patients. These findings identify potential functional factors for tissue regeneration and suggest a potential therapy for DFUs.

[Relationship between perceptions of safety climate at workplace and depressive disorders in manufacturing workers].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors for depressive disorders in manufacturing workers and to provide a basis for developing health promotion measures at workplace. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was performed in 8085 front-line production workers from 33 manufacturing enterprises in Nanhai District of Foshan, Guangdong Province, China. The questionnaire contained a survey of demographic characteristics, the Safety Climate Scale, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, etc. The multilevel logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the risk factors for depressive disorders in workers. RESULTS: A total of 6260 workers completed the survey; their mean age was 31.1 ± 8.6 years, and 53.2% of them were males. The multilevel logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, and martial status, more depressive disorders were reported in the enterprises with higher score of "production safety training" than in those with lower score (OR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.07 ∼ 1.97); fewer depressive disorders were reported in the enterprises with higher score of "colleagues concerned about production safety" than in those with lower score (OR = 0.08, 95%CI = 0.03 ∼ 0.26); the relationships of "safety warnings and precautions" and "managers concerned about production safety" with workers' depressive disorders were not statistically significant (OR = 0.78, 95%CI = 0.48 ∼ 1.28; OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.68 ∼ 1.72). CONCLUSION: Depressive disorders in manufacturing workers are related to the safety climate at workplace, which indicates that a good safety climate at workplace should be created to prevent and control depressive disorders in workers.

CovidViT: a novel neural network with self-attention mechanism to detect Covid-19 through X-ray images.

Since the emergence of the novel coronavirus in December 2019, it has rapidly swept across the globe, with a huge impact on daily life, public health and the economy around the world. There is an urgent necessary for a rapid and economical detection method for the Covid-19. In this study, we used the transformers-based deep learning method to analyze the chest X-rays of normal, Covid-19 and viral pneumonia patients. Covid-Vision-Transformers (CovidViT) is proposed to detect Covid-19 cases through X-ray images. CovidViT is based on transformers block with the self-attention mechanism. In order to demonstrate its superiority, this research is also compared with other popular deep learning models, and the experimental result shows CovidViT outperforms other deep learning models and achieves 98.0% accuracy on test set, which means that the proposed model is excellent in Covid-19 detection. Besides, an online system for quick Covid-19 diagnosis is built on http://yanghang.site/covid19.

N2O emission associated with shifts of bacterial communities in riparian wetland during the spring thawing periods.

Soil freeze-thaw processes lead to high nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and exacerbate the greenhouse effect. The wetlands of the Inner Mongolia Plateau are in the pronounced seasonal freeze-thaw zone, but the effect of spring thaw on N2O emissions and related microbial mechanisms is still unclear. We investigated the effects of different periods (freeze, freeze-thaw, and thaw) on soil bacterial community diversity and composition and greenhouse gas emissions during the spring freeze-thaw in the XiLin River riparian wetlands in China by amplicon sequencing and static dark box methods. The results showed that the freeze-thaw periods predominantly impact on the diversity and composition of the bacterial communities. The phyla composition of the soil bacteria communities of the three periods is similar in level, with Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria dominating the microbial communities. The alpha-diversity of bacterial communities in different periods varies that the freezing period is higher than that of the freeze-thaw period (p < .05). Soil total carbon, soil water content, and microbial biomass carbon were the primary factors regulating the abundance and compositions of the bacterial communities during spring thawing periods. Based on functional predictions, the relative abundance of nitrification and denitrification genes was higher in the freezing period than in the thawing period, while the abundance was lowest in the freeze-thawing period. The correlation results found that N2O emissions were significantly correlated with amoA and amoB in nitrification genes, indicating that nitrification may be the main process of N2O production during spring thaw. This study reveals potential microbial mechanisms of N2O emission during spring thaw and provides data support and theoretical basis for further insight into the mechanism of N2O emission during spring thaw.

Quercetin prevents the ferroptosis of OPCs by inhibiting the Id2/transferrin pathway.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive neurological disorder that causes impaired mobility, sensory, and autonomic dysfunctions. The loss of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), which can differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes and re-myelinate damaged axons, is related to poorer recovery for SCI patients. However, inhibiting OPCs loss has always been a difficult problem to overcome. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-ferroptosis effects of quercetin as a mechanism in erastin-induced OPC ferroptosis. Quercetin ameliorated erastin-induced ferroptosis in OPCs, as indicated by decreased iron concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and increased content of glutathione (GSH) as well as more normal mitochondria morphology. Compared with erastin-induced OPCs, the myelin basic protein (MBP)-positive myelin and NF200-positive axonal was remarkably increased in quercetin-treated OPCs. Furthermore, quercetin ameliorated the erastin-induced ferroptosis as well as the myelin and axon loss of OPCs by downregulating transferrin. Transfected OPCs with transferrin overexpression plasmids significantly abrogated the protective role of quercetin in OPC ferroptosis. Using ChIP-qPCR, a direct interaction of transferrin with its upstream gene Id2 was found. The overexpression of Id2 reversed the effect of quercetin on OPC ferroptosis. In vivo study found that quercetin greatly decreased the area of injury, and enhanced the BBB score after SCI. Furthermore, in the SCI model, quercetin significantly downregulated Id2 and transferrin expression, while significantly up-regulated GPX4 and PTGS2 expression. In conclusion, quercetin prevents the ferroptosis of OPCs by inhibiting the Id2/transferrin pathway. These findings highlight quercetin as an anti-ferroptosis agent for the treatment or prevention of spinal cord injury.

[Associations of occupational safety atmosphere and behaviors with unintentional injuries].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the associations of perception of safety atmosphere at workplace, occupational safety attitude and behaviors with occupational unintentional injury among manufacturing workers. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed and a self-administered questionnaire was used to inquire socio-demographic characteristics, perceived safety atmosphere, occupational safety attitudes, occupational safety behaviors and occupational unintentional injuries among 10585 manufacturing workers selected from 46 enterprises in Guangdong. Structural equation modeling was applied to assess the relationship of the perception of safety atmosphere at workplace, occupational safety attitude, and occupational safety behaviors with occupational unintentional injury. RESULTS: Among 24 pathways supposed in structural equation model, 20 pathways (except for the attitude toward occupational safety, the attitude toward managers' support, the work posture and individual protection) were significantly related to the occupational unintentional injuries. The further analysis indicated that the perceived safety atmosphere might impact the occupational unintentional injuries by the attitude toward occupational safety and occupational safety behaviors. CONCLUSION: Workers' perception of safety atmosphere indirectly influenced on occupational unintentional injuries through occupational safety attitudes and occupational safety behaviors.

[Near-infrared spectroscopy quantitative analysis model based on inverse regression].

In the present paper, an inverse regression method is used in near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy analysis to reduce dimension of predictor at first, then estimate linear regression function using the new derived low dimensional data. A real data set of 103 corn samples was used for analysis with this new inverse regression method. Taking 103 corn samples as experiment materials, seventy samples were chosen randomly to establish predicting model, the remaining thirty-three corn samples were viewed as prediction set. The new derived model is used to the prediction set. The coefficient is 0.986 and the average relative error is 2.1% between the model predication results and Kjeldahl's value for the protein content, and the resulis of using partial least square regression are 0.978 and 2.5%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the inverse regression method is feasible and has good property in near-infrared spectroscopy quantitative analysis, and also provides a new idea for chemometrics quantitative analysis.

Smart Textile Based on 3D Stretchable Silver Nanowires/MXene Conductive Networks for Personal Healthcare and Thermal Management.

Wearable electronics have enriched daily lives by providing smart functions as well as monitoring body health conditions. However, the realization of wearable electronics with personal healthcare and thermal comfort management of the human body is still a great challenge. Furthermore, manufacturing such on-skin wearable electronics on traditional thin-film substrates results in limited gas permeability and inflammation. Herein, we proposed a personal healthcare and thermal management smart textile with a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected conductive network, formed by silver nanowires (AgNWs) bridging lamellar structured transition-metal carbide/carbonitride (MXene) nanosheets deposited on nonwoven fabrics. Benefiting from the interconnected conductive network synergistic effect of one-dimensional (1D) AgNWs bridging two-dimensional (2D) MXene, the strain sensor exhibits excellent durability (>1500 stretching cycles) and high sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) = 1085) with a wide strain range limit (∼100%), and the details of human body activities can be accurately recognized and monitored. Moreover, thanks to the excellent Joule heating and photothermal effect endowed by AgNWs and MXene, the multifunctional smart textile with direct temperature visualization and solar-powered temperature regulation functions was successfully developed, after further combination of thermochromic and phase-change functional layers, respectively. The smart textiles with a stretchable AgNW-MXene 3D conductive network hold great promise for next-generation personal healthcare and thermal management wearable systems.

Damaged brain accelerates bone healing by releasing small extracellular vesicles that target osteoprogenitors.

Clinical evidence has established that concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI) accelerates bone healing, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study shows that after TBI, injured neurons, mainly those in the hippocampus, release osteogenic microRNA (miRNA)-enriched small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which targeted osteoprogenitors in bone to stimulate bone formation. We show that miR-328a-3p and miR-150-5p, enriched in the sEVs after TBI, promote osteogenesis by directly targeting the 3'UTR of FOXO4 or CBL, respectively, and hydrogel carrying miR-328a-3p-containing sEVs efficiently repaires bone defects in rats. Importantly, increased fibronectin expression on sEVs surface contributes to targeting of osteoprogenitors in bone by TBI sEVs, thereby implying that modification of the sEVs surface fibronectin could be used in bone-targeted drug delivery. Together, our work unveils a role of central regulation in bone formation and a clear link between injured neurons and osteogenitors, both in animals and clinical settings.

[A retrospective study of clinical and pathological spectrum in 91 patients with chronic severe hepatitis B].

OBJECTIVE: In China, liver failure is also termed as severe hepatitis in whom chronic severe hepatitis B (CSHB) is most common. The aim of this study was to assess whether CSHB based on different liver injury extent can meet the international definition of acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)criteria, according by their clinical and pathological feature. METHODS: A total of 91 patients with CSHB were involved in the study. The clinical findings, laboratory data and liver pathology features were retrospectively analyzed and grouped by hepatitis virus B carrier state (HBC), chronic hepatitis B (CHB) or liver cirrhosis (LC) before they started liver failure. RESULTS: 74 out of the 91 patients were male and 17 were female, the mean age was 40.6+/-11.2 years. 9.9%, 7.7% and 82.4% of the patients were based on HBC, CHB and LC respectively. The ages of HBC group were youngest. The mean age of HBC group (years) (25.8+/-6.6) was significantly lower than that of CHB group (36.9+/-9.0) and LC group (42.0+/-10.5)with P values of 0.032 and 0.001 respectively. Most cases presented with sub-acute liver failure characterized by high icterus and ascites. Predisposing factors included exertion, superinfection, virus variation, drugs or alcoholic injury. No difference found between PTA (F = 0.906, P = 0.408) and TBil (F = 0.839, P = 0.436) among the above three groups. The Alb and CHE levels in LC group were (30.3+/-5.1) g/L and (2926.8+/-1471.1) U/L respectively, which were lower than both HBC group [Alb (35.6+/-5.1) g/L, CHE (4363.5+/-2063.2) U/L] and CHB group [Alb (37.4+/-5.0) g/L, CHE (5167.1+/-1522.1) U/L] (F = 9.450; F = 9.297; P value less than 0.01).The level of CHO (1.8+/-1.0) mmol/L in LC group was lower than that of HBC group (2.9+/-1.0mmol/L, P = 0.034), while serum HBV DNA level of HBC group [(6.8+/-1.7) log10copies/ml] was higher than that of LC group [(4.2+/-2.6) log10copies/ml]. The liver tissue in HBC and CHB group showed massive or submassive necrosis which distribute evenly in different parts of liver and similarly in slides, most like acute/subacute severe hepatitis. The chronic lesion was easily covered by extensive necrosis in CSHB based on CHB, with portal fibrosis can be seen by masson stain. Characteristic picture of LC group were massive or submassive necrosis with some nodules were intact or only patchy necrosis of the parenchyma, disparity of extent and stage of necrosis existed in slides, which were the major difference in histopathological change in HBC and CHB group. CONCLUSION: Most of CSHB cases were based on liver cirrhosis, which match with the international definition of ACLF, while small part of CSHB cases based on HBC and CHB are identical to acute/subacute liver failure.

[The changes of interdigestive migrating motor complex in rats with acute liver failure].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes and characteristics of interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) in rat models of acute liver failure. METHODS: 30 rat models with acute liver failure were induced with D-galactosamine and another 30 normal rats were used as controls. The indexes of MMC recorded by multi-channel physiological recorder were compared. RESULTS: No significant differences found between the two groups in antral and duodenal MMC cycles and frequencies of duodenal and jejunal MMC III phase. Compared with normal controls, the MMC II phase in the acute liver failure rats was significantly prolonged (t=-3.97, -3.85, P<0.05), the MMC III duration of antrum and duodenum (u=-4.99, t=4.66, P<0.05) was shorter and the MMC III frequency of antrum (u=-4.73, P<0.05) was faster. In addition, the MMC cycle and MMC III phase of jejunum were significantly prolonged (u=-1.63, t=-4.94, P<0.05) and the MMC III phase duration was significantly shorter in the acute liver failure rats (t=5.10, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Significantly prolonged MMC II phase characterized by migrating clustered contraction, shortened MMC III phase and extended jejunal MMC cycles were probably the major contributors to the gastrointestinal motility disorders in the rats with acute liver failure.

[Near-infrared spectrum quantitative analysis model based on principal components selected by elastic net].

Elastic net is an improvement of the least-squares method by introducing in L1 and L2 penalties, and it has the advantages of the variable selection. The quantitative analysis model build by Elastic net can improve the prediction accuracy. Using 89 wheat samples as the experiment material, the spectrum principal components of the samples were selected by Elastic net. The analysis model was established for the near-infrared spectrum and the wheat's protein content, and the feasibility of using Elastic net to establish the quantitative analysis model was confirmed. In experiment, the 89 wheat samples were randomly divided into two groups, with 60 samples being the model set and 29 samples being the prediction set. The 60 samples were used to build analysis model to predict the protein contents of the 29 samples, and correlation coefficient (R) of the predicted value and chemistry observed value was 0. 984 9, with the mean relative error being 2.48%. To further investigate the feasibility and stability of the model, the 89 samples were randomly selected five times, with 60 samples to be model set and 29 samples to be prediction set. The five groups of principal components which were selected by Elastic net for building model were basically consistent, and compared with the PCR and PLS method, the model prediction accuracies were all better than PCR and similar with PLS. In view of the fact that Elastic net can realize the variable selection and the model has good prediction, it was shown that Elastic net is suitable method for building chemometrics quantitative analysis model.

[Study on the application of ridge regression to near-infrared spectroscopy quantitative analysis and optimum wavelength selection].

In the present paper, taking 66 wheat samples for testing materials, ridge regression technology in near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy quantitative analysis was researched. The NIR-ridge regression model for determination of protein content was established by NIR spectral data of 44 wheat samples to predict the protein content of the other 22 samples. The average relative error was 0.015 18 between the predictive results and Kjeldahl's values (chemical analysis values). And the predictive results were compared with those values derived through partial least squares (PLS) method, showing that ridge regression method was deserved to be chosen for NIR spectroscopy quantitative analysis. Furthermore, in order to reduce the disturbance to predictive capacity of the quantitative analysis model resulting from irrelevant information, one effective way is to screen the wavelength information. In order to select the spectral information with more content information and stronger relativity with the composition or the nature of the samples to improve the model's predictive accuracy, ridge regression was used to select wavelength information in this paper. The NIR-ridge regression model was established with the spectral information at 4 wavelength points, which were selected from 1 297 wavelength points, to predict the protein content of the 22 samples. The average relative error was 0.013 7 and the correlation coefficient reached 0.981 7 between the predictive results and Kjeldahl's values. The results showed that ridge regression was able to screen the essential wavelength information from a large amount of spectral information. It not only can simplify the model and effectively reduce the disturbance resulting from collinearity information, but also has practical significance for designing special NIR analysis instrument for analyzing specific component in some special samples.

MiR-3194-3p Inhibits Breast Cancer Progression by Targeting Aquaporin1.

Increasing evidence indicates that the Aquaporin1 (AQP1) aberrant expression may be related to a wide variety of human cancers, including breast cancer (BC). In the present study, we explore the effects and possible mechanism of miR-3194-3p on the biological behaviors of BC. At first, miR-3194-3p is found to modulate AQP1 expression targeting the 3'-UTR using miRNA target prediction algorithms. MiR-3194-3p expression is markedly downregulated, and AQP1 expression is upregulated in BC tissues compared with adjacent normal breast tissues. Moreover, the differential expression of miR-3194-3p and AQP1 are observed in four BC cells with different malignancy degree. Meanwhile, a significant negative correlation between AQP1 and miR-3194-3p expressions in tumor tissues from 30 BC patients is revealed. miR-3194-3p mimic remarkably inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as promotes apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells while miR-3194-3p inhibitors exert an opposite role in MCF-7 cells. Dual-luciferase reporter system demonstrates that AQP1 is a direct target gene of miR-3194-3p. Overexpression of AQP1 by pBABE-puro-AQP1 vector partially abrogates the effect of miR-3194-3p mimic in MDA-MB-231 cells. In short, our results suggest that miR-3194-3p suppresses BC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting AQP1, providing a novel insight into BC tumorigenesis and treatment.