[Content of seminal plasma plasticizer in the patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia and its impact on male fertility].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and male infertility by detecting the concentration of DEHP in the seminal plasma of the patient with idiopathic asthenozoospermia (IAS). METHODS: This study included 45 infertile males with diagnosed IAS in the observation group and another 45 men with normal sperm parameters as controls. We obtained the general baseline data on the subjects, determined the concentration of DEHP in the seminal plasma, the ROS level and the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI), and compared them between the two groups of males. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups of subjects in age, living habits and other general in baseline data (P > 0.05). The IAS patients, in comparison with the normal controls, showed significantly increased DEHP concentration in the seminal plasma (ï¼»0.45 ± 0.09ï¼½ vs ï¼»0.23 ± 0.05ï¼½ µg/ml, P < 0.05), ROS level (ï¼»569.4 ± 45.3ï¼½ vs ï¼»317.6 ± 27.8ï¼½ pmol/106 sperm, P < 0.05) and sperm DFI (ï¼»22.1 ± 8.3ï¼½% vs ï¼»10.5 ± 6.7ï¼½%, P < 0.05). The concentration of DEHP in the seminal plasma was correlated positively with the ROS level (r = 0.77, P < 0.05) and sperm DFI (r = 0.75, P < 0.05) but negatively with the percentage of progressively motile sperm (r = －0.81, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The DEHP level is escalated in the seminal plasma of the IAS patient, which may be responsible for the reduced sperm motility and increased DFI of the patient.

[Regulation of NF-kappaB signaling pathway by poxvirus].

Poxviruses, a type of ds-DNA viruses which mainly target at the epithelial cell, are the pathogens of human and animals. During the revolution of poxviruses, the viruses encode multiple proteins that regulate the immune system to monitor the viral reproductive cycle in host cells. The nuclear kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathway is essential to signal transcription in the innate immune system. Therefore, poxviruses have adopted different strategies to elude immune detection and destruction regulated by NF-kappaB. Further research in this field would help us develop preventive and therapeutic preparation for pox. Given the renewed interest in poxvirus, we review the current understanding of how the various classes of poxviralimmunomodulatory proteins target and manipulate the NF-kappaB pathway.