Photodynamic Therapy in Combination with Chemotherapy, Targeted, and Immunotherapy As a Successful Therapeutic Approach for Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Objective: To explore the efficacy of photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy in poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). Background: Advanced GAC has high malignancy and mortality rate. To date, no study has applied photodynamic treatment (PDT) combined with chemo-, targeted, and immunotherapy to treat this cancer. Patient and methods: Clinical data of a patient diagnosed with poorly differentiated GAC admitted to the department of oncology of the Lanzhou University Second Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patient underwent four PDT procedures combined with chemo-, targeted, and immunotherapy. Results: A 72-year-old male patient received combination therapy of PDT. This treatment resolved the cancerous tissues and levels of tumor markers. There was no recurrence and metastasis during a 7-month follow-up. Conclusions: Combination therapy of PDT can effectively treat tumors and may be a method suitable for elderly patients with advanced GAC.

Identification of the ryanodine receptor mutation I4743M and its contribution to diamide insecticide resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Insect ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are the targets of diamide insecticides. Two point mutations G4946E and I4790M (numbering according to Plutella xylostella, PxRyR) in the transmembrane domain of the insect RyRs associated with diamide resistance have so far been identified in three lepidopteran pests, P. xylostella, Tuta absoluta and Chilo suppressalis. In this study, we identified one of the known RyR target site resistance mutations (I4790M) in a field-collected population of Spodoptera exigua. The field-collected WF population of S. exigua exhibited 154 fold resistance to chlorantraniliprole when compared with the susceptible WH-S strain. Sequencing the transmembrane domains of S. exigua RyR (SeRyR) revealed that the resistant WF strain was homozygous for the I4743M mutation (corresponding to I4790M in PxRyR), whereas the G4900E allele (corresponding to G4946E of PxRyR) was not detected. The 4743M allele was introgressed into the susceptible WH-S strain by crossing WF with WH-S, followed by three rounds of backcrossing with WH-S. The introgressed strain 4743M was homozygous for the mutant 4743M allele and shared about 94% of its genetic background with that of the recipient WH-S strain. Compared with WH-S, the near-isogenic 4743M strain showed moderate levels of resistance to chlorantraniliprole (21 fold), cyantraniliprole (25 fold) and flubendiamide (22 fold), suggesting that the I4743M mutation confers medium levels of resistance to all three diamides. Genetic analysis showed diamide resistance in the 4743M strain was inherited as an autosomal and recessive trait. Results from this study have direct implications for the design of appropriate resistance monitoring and management practices to sustainably control S. exigua.

[Effects of Different Levels of Irrigation with Reclaimed Water on Soil Enzyme Activity and Distribution of Thermotolerant Coliforms].

This study aimed to discern the effect of different levels of irrigation with reclaimed water on soil enzyme activities and on the distribution of thermotolerant coliforms. The effects of two irrigation water qualities (reclaimed water and tap water) and two irrigation levels (full irrigation and insufficient irrigation) on soil enzyme activity and distribution of thermotolerant coliforms were studied through indoor soil column irrigation. Results indicated that:① Reclaimed water irrigation increased soil urease and invertase activity compared with tap water under the same irrigation conditions. Compared with insufficient irrigation with reclaimed water, full irrigation with reclaimed water significantly increased soil invertase activity and deep soil catalase activity. ② At the same irrigation level, the number of thermotolerant coliforms in soil significantly increased with reclaimed water irrigation. The number of thermotolerant coliforms in soil under full irrigation with reclaimed water was significantly higher than with insufficient irrigation using reclaimed water. The number of thermotolerant coliforms in surface soil of the four irrigated treatments was significantly higher than in the deep soil layer, and with progression of irrigation, the number of thermotolerant coliforms in the 0-60 cm soil layer decreased. ③ There was a significant positive correlation between the quantity of thermotolerant coliforms and the activity of soil urease and invertase, and between the quantity of thermotolerant coliforms and the activity of soil catalase. Reclaimed water therefore promoted enzyme activity that can promote transformation of C and N in soil. Reasonable irrigation with reclaimed water can therefore effectively control the number of thermotolerant coliforms in soil.

Desulfonylation of tosyl amides through catalytic photoredox cleavage of N-S bond under visible-light irradiation.

All lit up: A novel and efficient desulfonylation method of tosyl amides has been developed by means of visible-light-promoted reductive cleavage of N-S bonds. This method has a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and excellent yields.