RESUMEN
A functional pre-anodized carbon paste electrode (PACPE) was constructed by using successive cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical oxidation behaviors of hydroquinone (HQ) were carefully investigated by various electrochemical techniques. The diffusion mechanism of HQ has been put forward for the first time. The driving force for the HQ transport towards anode not only related to the concentration diffusion but also depended on the transport of H(+) in the feed phase along a concentration gradient towards the cathode. The results indicated that the PACPE exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of HQ. Compared with the bare carbon paste electrode, the oxidation and reduction peak separation (ΔE(p)) of HQ at the PACPE has been decreased from 578 to 83 mV. Under the optimum conditions, the oxidation peak current was linear with HQ concentration in the range of 4 × 10(-7) to 1.0 × 10(-4) M with the linear correlation coefficient of 0.9986. The detection limit was 1.05 × 10(-7) M. This method can be successfully applied to the determination of HQ in wastewater.
RESUMEN
Boron determination by a charge transfer spectrophotometric method is described. Accompanied the reaction, a charge transfer complex can be formed by lysine with sodium 1, 2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate and boron in alkaline solution (pH 12.00). Subsequently, a new reaction mechanism has been proposed and discussed. The absorbance at the maximal absorption wavelength is 574 nm and boron concentration agrees well with Beer's law in a range of 2.16-43.24 µg mL(-1). The linear regression equation is A=-0.01867+0.01326C (µg mL(-1)), with a linearly correlation coefficient of 0.9935. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of eleven parallel determinations is 2.1% with a detection limit (3σ/k) of 2.00 µg mL(-1). The recovery ranges from 96.4% to 104.5% with the satisfactory results. This method has been successfully applied to determine boron in pharmaceutical samples directly.