RESUMEN
Improving the quality and performance of soybean oil as biodiesel depends on the chemical composition of its fatty acids and requires an increase in monounsaturated acids and a reduction in polyunsaturated acids. Despite its current use as a source of biofuel, soybean oil contains an average of 25 % oleic acid and 13 % palmitic acid, which negatively impacts its oxidative stability and freezing point, causing a high rate of nitrogen oxide emission. Gas chromatography and ion mobility mass spectrometry were conducted on soybean fatty acids from metabolically engineered seed extracts to determine the nature of the structural oleic and palmitic acids. The soybean genes FAD2-1 and FatB were placed under the control of the 35SCaMV constitutive promoter, introduced to soybean embryonic axes by particle bombardment and down-regulated using RNA interference technology. Results indicate that the metabolically engineered plants exhibited a significant increase in oleic acid (up to 94.58 %) and a reduction in palmitic acid (to <3 %) in their seed oil content. No structural differences were observed between the fatty acids of the transgenic and non-transgenic oil extracts.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos/química , Glycine max/química , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/química , Semillas/química , Ingeniería Metabólica , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Semillas/genética , Aceite de Soja/química , Aceite de Soja/genética , Aceite de Soja/metabolismo , Glycine max/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Antigens for Hantavirus serological tests have been produced using DNA recombinant technology for more than twenty years. Several different strategies have been used for that purpose. All of them avoid the risks and difficulties involved in multiplying Hantavirus in the laboratory. In Brazil, the Araraquara virus is one of the main causes of Hantavirus Cardio-Pulmonary Syndrome (HCPS). METHODS: In this investigation, we report the expression of the N protein of the Araraquara Hantavirus in a Baculovirus Expression System, the use of this protein in IgM and IgG ELISA and comparison with the same antigen generated in E. coli. RESULTS: The protein obtained, and purified in a nickel column, was effectively recognized by antibodies from confirmed HCPS patients. Comparison of the baculovirus generated antigen with the N protein produced in E. coli showed that both were equally effective in terms of sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results therefore indicate that either of these proteins can be used in serological tests in Brazil.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Virales , Baculoviridae/genética , Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico/métodos , Infecciones por Hantavirus/diagnóstico , Nucleoproteínas , Orthohantavirus/inmunología , Virología/métodos , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Antígenos Virales/genética , Antígenos Virales/inmunología , Brasil , Línea Celular , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Escherichia coli/genética , Orthohantavirus/genética , Infecciones por Hantavirus/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Insectos , Nucleoproteínas/genética , Nucleoproteínas/inmunología , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is an increasing health problem in Brazil because of encroachment of sprawling urban, agricultural, and cattle-raising areas into habitats of subfamily Sigmodontinae rodents, which serve as hantavirus reservoirs. From 1993 through June 2007, a total of 884 cases of HPS were reported in Brazil (case-fatality rate 39%). To better understand this emerging disease, we collected 89 human serum samples and 68 rodent lung samples containing antibodies to hantavirus from a 2,500-km-wide area in Brazil. RNA was isolated from human samples and rodent tissues and subjected to reverse transcription-PCR. Partial sequences of nucleocapsid protein and glycoprotein genes from 22 human and 16 rodent sources indicated only Araraquara virus and Juquitiba virus lineages. The case-fatality rate of HPS was higher in the area with Araraquara virus. This virus, which may be the most virulent hantavirus in Brazil, was associated with areas that have had greater anthropogenic changes.