Direct Effect of the Synthetic Analogue of Glucagon-Like Peptide Type 1, Liraglutide, on Mature Adipocytes Is Realized through Adenylate-Cyclase-Dependent Enhancing of Insulin Sensitivity.

Incretin hormones analogues, including glucagon-like peptide type 1 (GLP-1), exhibit complex glucose-lowering, anorexigenic, and cardioprotective properties. Mechanisms of action of GLP-1 and its analogues are well known for pancreatic ß-cells, hepatocytes, and other tissues. Nevertheless, local effects of GLP-1 and its analogues in adipose tissue remain unclear. In the present work effects of the GLP-1 synthetic analogue, liraglutide, on adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity of the 3T3-L1 adipocytes were examined. Enhancement of insulin sensitivity of mature adipocytes by the GLP-1 synthetic analogue liraglutide mediated by adenylate cyclase was demonstrated. The obtained results imply existence of the positive direct insulin-sensitizing effect of liraglutide on mature adipocytes.

Hybrid protein-peptide system for the selective pH-dependent binding and photodynamic ablation of cancer cells.

Creating new tools for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer is one of the most important and intensively developing areas of modern medicine. Currently, photodynamic cancer therapy (PDT) is attracting increasing attention as a unique modality of minimally invasive treatment and due to the absence of acquired resistance. However, PDT is associated with undesirable activities, such as non-specific photodynamic effects of sunlight on healthy tissues. Therefore, an important fundamental task is the development of improved PDT agents that selectively act on the affected areas. Here, we report the development of a hybrid protein-peptide system for the selective pH-dependent binding and subsequent photodynamic cancer cells ablation. It is known that a distinctive feature of cancer cells is a decreased pH level in the extracellular space. In this study we exploited a peptide fragment (pHLIP) as a targeting module, which spontaneously binds and embeds into the cell membrane when pH decreases below neutral. A mutant of miniSOG protein fused to pHLIP was used as a photosensitizing constituent. We demonstrate that this protein-peptide photosensitizing system selectively binds to HeLa cells at pH below 6.8 and kills them when exposed to light. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using genetically encoded MiniSOG fusions with pHLIP for the targeted delivery of PSs to cancer cells and subsequent highly precise photodynamic therapy.