Application Value of Limb Ischemic Preconditioning in Preventing Intradialytic Hypotension during Maintenance Hemodialysis.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of limb ischemia preconditioning (LIPC) in the treatment of intradialytic hypotension (IDH) in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). METHODS: This was a single-center, prospective, and randomized controlled case study. A total of 38 patients with MHD who met the inclusion criteria from September 2021 to August 2022 were selected from the Blood Purification Center of our hospital. They were randomly divided into the LIPC group (n = 19) and the control group (n = 19). For patients in the LIPC group, the femoral artery blood flow was blocked with an LIPC instrument for 5 min (pressurized to 200 mm Hg) before each dialysis, and they were reperfused for 5 min. The cycle was repeated five times, with a total of 50 min for 12 weeks. The control group was pressurized to 20 mm Hg with an LIPC instrument, and the rest was the same as the LIPC group. The blood pressure of 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, and body weight before and after hemodialysis were measured in the two groups during hemodialysis, the incidence of IDH and the changes of serum troponin I (TNI) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) levels before and after the intervention were observed, and the ultrafiltration volume and ultrafiltration rate were recorded. RESULTS: At the 8th and 12th week after intervention, the MAP in the LIPC group was higher than that in the control group (103.28 ± 12.19 mm Hg vs. 93.18 ± 11.11 mm Hg, p = 0.04; 101.81 ± 11.36 mm Hg vs. 91.81 ± 11.92 mm Hg, p = 0.047). The incidence of IDH in the LIPC group was lower than that in the control group (36.5% vs. 43.1%, p = 0.01). The incidence of clinical treatment in IDH patients in the LIPC group was lower than that in the control group (6.3% vs. 12.4%, p = 0.00). The incidence of early termination of hemodialysis in the LIPC group was lower than that in the control group (1.6% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.01). The levels of TNI and CK-MB in the LIPC group after the intervention were lower than those in the control group (322.30 ± 13.72 ng/dL vs. 438.50 ± 24.72 ng/dL, p = 0.00; 159.78 ± 8.48 U/dL vs. 207.00 ± 8.70 U/dL, p = 0.00). The changes of MAP before and after the intervention were negatively correlated with the changes of TNI and CK-MB before and after the intervention (r = -0.473, p = 0.04; r = -0.469, p = 0.04). There were no differences in dry body mass and ultrafiltration rate between the two groups before and after the LIPC intervention (p > 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis shows that TNI is the main influencing factor of ΔMAP. No LIPC-related adverse events were found during the study period. CONCLUSION: LIPC can effectively reduce the incidence of IDH in patients with MHD and may be associated with the alleviation of myocardial damage.

Corrigendum: The beneficial effects of traditional Chinese medicine on antioxidative status and inflammatory cytokines expression in the liver of piglets.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.937745.].

The beneficial effects of traditional Chinese medicine on antioxidative status and inflammatory cytokines expression in the liver of piglets.

Oxidative stress and inflammation seriously affected the growth and development of piglets. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions has been used to prevent various diseases of piglets, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Here, we identified the effects of Xiao-Jian-Zhong-Tang (XJZT) and Jingsananli-sepsis (JJS) on the oxidative stress and inflammatory in the liver of piglets. The piglets were fed with the basal diet (Control group), basal diet affixed with 10 g/kg XJZT (TCM I group), and basal diet affixed with 3 g/kg JJS (TCM II group), respectively. The serum was gathered on days 30 and 60 and the liver samples were also collected on day 60. Results showed that the TCM I and TCM II markedly increased the activities of the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and reduced the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA), TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in serum. In addition, compared to the control group, Nrf2, SOD-1, NQO-1, and HO-1 mRNA expression levels and the protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly increased while NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression levels and the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB and IκB-α were decreased in TCM I and TCM II groups. Collectively, these findings suggested that TCM I and TCM II could enhance anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities in the liver of piglets via the Nrf2/NF-κB pathway, providing a basis for the functional exploration of TCM prescriptions.

Two kinds of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions reduce thymic inflammation levels and improve humoral immunity of finishing pigs.

In animal husbandry, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a reasonable alternative to antibiotics has attracted more and more concerns to reduce microbial resistance. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with TCM prescriptions on serum parameters and thymus inflammation responses in finishing pigs. Thirty finishing pigs were randomly divided into three groups, which included the Con group (basal diet), the TCM1 group (basal diet supplemented with Xiao Jian Zhong prescriptions), and the TCM2 group (basal diet supplemented with Jingsananli-sepsis). The results showed that the contents of C3 and C4 in the serum were significantly increased in both the TCM1 and TCM2 groups compared to the Con group on day 30. Similarly, the levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM were increased in the TCM2 group, and only the level of IgM in TCM1 was increased on day 30. Meanwhile, the levels of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) antibodies had a notable increase in the TCM1 and TCM2 groups. Both TCM1 and TCM2 inhibited the levels of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway-related mRNA (TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, IL6, IL8, and TNF-α) and protein (p-IκBα and p-P65) expression levels in the thymus. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with TCM could reduce thymic inflammation levels and improve humoral immunity of finishing pigs.