Antibiotic treatment for ocular toxoplasmosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis: study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is the most common cause of posterior uveitis, leading to visual impairment in a high proportion of patients. Antibiotics and corticosteroids lower the risk of permanent visual impairment by reducing the size of the retinochoroidal scar, the risk of recurrence, and the severity and duration of acute symptoms. Although OT is a very common cause of infectious posterior uveitis, its treatment remains controversial. Through our systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to provide the best possible evidence-based information on the safety and effectiveness of the different antibiotic regimes for OT. METHODS: This systematic review protocol has been developed based on PRISMA-P guidelines for reporting systematic reviews evaluating health care interventions. We will include all published and unpublished randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different antibiotics used for the treatment of OT. We will consider changes in visual acuity, number of recurrences, improvement or worsening of ocular inflammation, size of lesion, and adverse effects as our outcomes. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment will be undertaken by two reviewers with disagreements resolved through discussion. Studies that compared antibiotics with placebo will be excluded. The reviews will be assessed for quality and relevance. We will assess the risk of bias in five domains according to Cochrane group's tool. The type of data will dictate measures of treatment effect. We will use a random-effects model to calculate our meta-analysis, as eligible studies represent clinically varied populations of participants. DISCUSSION: The strength of our study will lie in the exhaustive and systematic nature of the literature search, as well as in its methods for assessing quality and analyzing RCT data. Considering the controversial efficacy of the treatment for OT, our study will contribute to improving the existing evidence on the effectiveness of different antibiotics. Future studies may be conducted to increase physicians' awareness of antibiotic therapies, improving the health of patients with OT. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42018085468.

Problemas a los que se enfrenta el personal de enfermería en el cuidado paliativo / Problems faced by nursing staff in palliative care

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los cuidados paliativos comprenden una nueva atención de un equipo multidisciplinar, cumpliendo con la intención de mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes y su familia. OBJETIVO: analizar los estudios que revelen los problemas a los que se enfrenta el personal de enfermería que se encarga del cuidado paliativo. MÉTODO: Estudio de revisión bibliométrica y narrativa, se buscaron 75 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 50, ya que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Se descartaron 25 artículos puesto que eran de revisión, publicados antes del 2015 y su tema específico no trataba del rol de la enfermería en cuidados paliativos. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos ProQuest, SCIelo, Google Académico, Scopus, HINARI y PubMed. Con análisis documental bajo los criterios ocupacionales de percepción y de sentimientos a considerar por enfermería bajo la teoría de Cornelia M. Ruland. RESULTADOS: los problemas encontrados fueron sentimientos negativos que repercuten en los profesionales de enfermería como consecuencia del entorno donde se están brindando los cuidados paliativos. El riesgo de padecer el síndrome de burnout es más frecuente cuando experimentan situaciones de impotencia y de frustración emocional. CONCLUSIÓN: Se puede verificar que la teoría de Cornelia M. Ruland, es importante puesto que los conocimientos del personal de enfermería son necesarios al momento de brindar un cuidado paliativo, ayudando así a mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente, brindando un cuidado integral que fortalece una atención holística para cada paciente de forma individualizada.

INTRODUCTION: Palliative care includes new care from a multidisciplinary team, fulfilling the intention of improving the quality of life of patients and their families. OBJECTIVE: to analyze the studies that reveal the problems faced by nursing personnel who are in charge of palliative care. METHOD: Bibliometric and narrative review study, 75 articles were searched, of which 50 were selected, as they met the inclusion criteria. 25 articles were discarded since they were review articles, published before 2015 and their specific topic did not deal with the role of nursing in palliative care. A bibliographic search was performed in the ProQuest, SCIelo, Google Academic, Scopus, HINARI and PubMed databases. With documentary analysis under the occupational criteria of perception and feelings to be considered by the nurse under the theory of Cornelia M. RESULTS: Some of the problems found. They were negative feelings that affect nursing professionals because of the environment where palliative care is being provided. The risk of suffering from burnout syndrome is more frequent when they experience situations of impotence and emotional frustration. CONCLUSION: In conclusion and according to the articles found, it can be verified that the theory of Cornelia M. Ruland, It is important since the knowledge of the nursing staff is necessary when providing palliative care, thus helping to improve the quality of life of the patient, providing comprehensive care that strengthens holistic care for each patient individually