Laugier-Hunziker syndrome: a case and dermoscopic features.

Laugier-Hunziker syndrome (LHS) is a sporadic, acquired, and infrequent condition characterized by the onset of brown macules on the lips, the oral mucosa, and the acral glabrous skin (mainly fingers and toes) in middle-aged patients. In several cases melanonychia of fingernails and toenails coexists. No other systemic involvement is observed. A case of LHS in a 50-year-old woman is described, with particular attention to dermoscopic features. No dermoscopic specific findings of mucosal/cutaneous maculae have been to date described in the literature. Accumulation of dermoscopic observations of pigmented lesions in LHS is needed and if found to be distinct, it may contribute to a more accurate diagnosis in the future.

Advancing the PD-L1 CPS test in metastatic TNBC: Insights from pathologists and findings from a nationwide survey.

Pembrolizumab has received approval as a first-line treatment for unresectable/metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) with a PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) of ≥ 10. However, assessing CPS in mTNBC poses challenges. Firstly, it represents a novel analysis for breast pathologists. Secondly, the heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression in mTNBC further complicates the assessment. Lastly, the lack of standardized assays and staining platforms adds to the complexity. In KEYNOTE trials, PD-L1 expression was evaluated using the IHC 22C3 pharmDx kit as a companion diagnostic test. However, both the 22C3 pharmDx and VENTANA PD-L1 (SP263) assays are validated for CPS assessment. Consequently, assay-platform choice, staining conditions, and scoring methods can significantly impact the testing outcomes. This consensus paper aims to discuss the intricacies of PD-L1 CPS testing in mTNBC and provide practical recommendations for pathologists. Additionally, we present findings from a nationwide Italian survey elucidating the state-of-the-art in PD-L1 CPS testing in mTNBC.