[Development of structural material for the manufacture of facial prosthesis by 3D printing]. / Razrabotka i otsenka fiziko-mekhanicheskikh svoistv konstruktsionnogo materiala, primenyaemogo v tekhnologii proizvodstva epitezov litsa metodom ob"emnoi pechati.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to develop and evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of a structural material for the manufacture of facial epithesis using photopolymer printing technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study of the physical and mechanical properties of the developed structural material consisted of measuring the Shore hardness; determination of material strength at break, conditional yield strength, relative elongation at break and modulus of elasticity; the study of the characteristics described above, after artificial aging, simulating the daily use of a prosthesis. RESULTS: According to the test results, the samples of the studied material did not have a yield strength, they were torn at a deformation of 40-60%. The values of the conditional yield strength were 0.41±0.01 MPa, regardless of the time of the aging procedure. The values of the modulus of elasticity were 2.96±0.19 MPa and 2.88±0.14 MPa for the samples that underwent the aging procedure at 6 and 12 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results obtained were compared with the results of similar studies of structural materials used in 3D printing technology of facial prostheses, which allowed us to recommend the developed material for clinical use after evaluating its toxicological and biological characteristics.

Physiological parameters of Macaca fascicularis immunized with anti-rubella vaccine with germanium-based adjuvants.

Clinical status, hematological and biochemical parameters, and allergenic activity of organogermanium compounds used as adjuvants in complex with preparation from Orlov rubella virus vaccine strain and reference commercial anti-rubella vaccine based on Wistar RA 27/3 strain were studied on Macaca fascilcularis of both genders. Physiological parameters of monkeys immunized with the Russian and foreign rubella virus vaccine strains with and without adjuvants did not differ. The adjuvants were inessential for the safety of vaccines (absence of toxicity, reactogenic activity, or allergenic activity) in preclinical studies on lower primates.

[Activating effect of a germanium-organic compound on immunocompetent cells during intranasal immunization of mice with a live influenza vaccine].

AIM: Detailed characteristic of results of intranasal immunization of mice with one of two variants of vaccinating influenza virus, particularly in combination with a low molecular weight germanium-organic compound (LMW-GOC). An additional aim is evaluation of effect of LMW-GOC on the parameters of immune system in case of intranasal administration of the preparation without the addition of vaccinating virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out in female CBA mice (18-20 g, 6 animals per group). Intranasal immunization was carried out by 2 different variants of B/Victoria influenza virus--once or twice with a 2 week interval. Cells for study were obtained from spleen and nasal- and bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT/ BALT) 24 hours and 7 days after intranasal administration of the preparations. The main method of the study--determination of the level of expression of various markers oflymphocytes in comparison with the level of the same markers in the cells of control group animals by using flow cytometry method. The mean parameters obtained were determined by using program package WinMDI 2.8. RESULTS: The main results were the increase of level of expression of various lymphocyte markers obtained from mice after intranasal administration of the vaccines and their combination with LMW-GOC or LMW-GOC only without the participation of the vaccines. A significant increase of the expression of TLR9 marker compared with other parameters was noted. Administration to mice of wild B/Victoria strain notably more frequently conditioned the decrease of expression of some parameters compared with administration of the cold adapted strain. Effect of LMW-GOC without the vaccine also conditioned the increase of levels of markers however a combination of the preparations with the vaccine was more effective. CONCLUSION: The increase of level of expression of a number of lymphocyte markers may serve as a sign of successful intranasal vaccination against influenza. LMW-GOC preparation increases immune stimulating effect of intranasally administered vaccines and in none of the cases weakens the stimulating result of effect of the vaccines, and in many cases increases it. LMW-GOC may be studied as a main or additional adjuvant for intranasal application of influenza vaccines.

[Activation of lymphocytes under the influence of an influenza vaccine combined with a low molecular weight germanium organic compound].

AIM: Confirmation of immunostimulating effect of an original low molecular weight germanium organic compound (LMW-GOC) during immunization of mice with Vaxigrip vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiments were carried out in CBA mice divided into 4 groups: control, those that received Vaxigrip influenza vaccine intraperitoneally, those that received LMW-GOC intraperitoneally and those that received both preparations at once. Effect of the preparations administered was evaluated by flow cytofluorometry based on changes of CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD19, CD25, Foxp3, NK1.1, gammadelta T, MHC II, TLR2, TLR4, TLR9 expressing cell content in mice spleens. The content of the colored cells was determined at normal, 24 hours and 7 days after the administration of the preparations. Statistical treatment of the data was carried out by using Win MD 128 program package. RESULTS: LMW-GOC can enhance the effect of Vaxigrip vaccine that is expressed by an increase of content in spleen of some lymphocyte subpopulations 24 hours and 7 days after the intraperitoneal administration. In some cases LMW-GOC increases the content of some lymphocyte subpopulations in mice spleen after administration as a monopreparation, i.e. without the vaccine. LMW-GOC suppressed stimulating effect of the vaccine on the spleen content of various lymphocyte subpopulations in none of the observations. CONCLUSION: By using cytofluorometry method it is possible to form an understanding of an elevated role of various types of cells in the development of immune response to the vaccine as well as regarding additional enhancement of this response during administration of LMW-GOC to mice. The effect of the preparation is manifested for a few days after its administration. The preparation manifests adjuvant properties and after further studies may be suggested for use as an adjuvant.

[Antiviral activity of the organic germanium complex with aciclovir against herpes simplex virus (Herpesviridae: Alphaherpesvirinae: Simplexvirus: Human alphaherpesvirus 1/2) in the in vitro and in vivo systems].

INTRODUCTION: A significant increase in the incidence of various forms of herpesvirus infection (HVI) determines the need to search for new approaches to the modification of one of the basic antiviral drugs aciclovir (ACV) and its dosage forms to improve their biopharmaceutical characteristics and increase the effectiveness of therapy. In this aspect, an innovative organic germanium complex with aciclovir (OGCA) is promising.The aim of the study was to assess the antiviral activity of OGCA against the herpes simplex virus (HSV) (human herpes virus, HHV) on the HVI models both in vitro and in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied the activity of OGCA in a therapeutic regimen against HSV-1 (HHV-1) (Kl strain), HSV-2 (HHV-2) (VN strain) using virological and statistical research methods in the in vitro model of HVI on Vero cell culture and the model of genital herpes (GH) caused by HHV-2 (VN strain) in male guinea pigs (Canis porcellus). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: It was found OGCA inhibits the replication of HHV-1 and HHV-2 in Vero cells, and has anti-HHV activity in the GH model in male guinea pigs, leading to a decrease in the severity and duration of the disease, the intensity and duration of viral shedding. The most pronounced activity was detected when preparation was applied topically 5 times a day for 5 days at the early stages of infection (3% gel). The delayed use of OGCA (48 hours after infection) also had statistically significant efficacy compared to commercial reference drugs containing aciclovir or its pro-drugs: aciclovir (5% cream), AIL (acyclovir+interferon alfa-2b+lidocaine, 3% ointment), penciclovir (1% cream). OGCA significantly reduced the number of days of the pathogen shedding, as well as its infectivity, compared to animals in the control group and ones receiving placebo. The activity of OGCA, apparently, is due to its improved biopharmaceutical characteristics compared to aciclovir, as well as the presence of a number of biological activities of its constituent components. CONCLUSION: The results of the study allow us to consider OGCA as the basis for the development of antiviral agents for the treatment of HVI.

[PCR detection of periodontal bacteria and Streptococcus mutans in the biological samples from the oral cavity].

The paper describes an optimized technique for DNA isolation from the Streptococcus mutans cultures and from the clinical samples including proteinase K treatment and detergent lysis, followed by sorbent-based enrichment. This technique was employed for isolating DNA from the periodontal bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Bacteroides forsythus. A multiplex PCR technique was adapted for large-scale studies of clinical samples. An original PCR method was developed for the semiquantitative detection of Str. mutans, showing the sensitivity of 100 genome copies per reaction. Extensive studies of approximately 2,000 individuals have demonstrated that these methods are applicable to the study of the dental and gingival microflora in the biological sample from the oral cavity of persons with dental diseases from various age groups.

Bacterial markers of periodontal diseases and their practical significance in dentistry.

The incidence and prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyronmonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythensis in specimens of subgingival dental deposit were evaluated in 495 residents of St. Petersburg aged 6-82 years. The microorganisms were detected by gene-specific PCR of 16S rDNA. In accordance with age-specific increase in the incidence of gingival diseases, the percentage of samples containing T. forsythensis and P. gingivalis was significantly higher in adult and elderly patients in comparison with adolescents. The presence of T. forsythensis significantly correlated with the presence of gingivitis and dental deposit. In addition, the incidence of T. forsythensis was significantly higher in tobacco smokers. These results attest to a relationship between T. forsythensis infection and more frequent periodontal diseases associated with aging and tobacco smoking.