RESUMEN
Trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201) is an antibody-drug conjugate composed of a humanized monoclonal anti-HER2 antibody, a cleavable tetrapeptide-based linker and a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor. The drug's efficacy has been proven in HER2-positive breast and gastric cancers. The rate of HER2 positivity in biliary tract cancer (BTC) has been reported to be 5-20%, and case reports and clinical trials have suggested that HER2 inhibitors might be active in HER2-positive BTC. Here we describe the rationale and design of the phase II HERB trial that will evaluate the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with HER2-expressing unresectable or recurrent BTC. The primary end point will be the centrally assessed objective response rate in HER2-positive patients.
Trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201) is a new drug against HER2, a receptor on cell membranes that has sensitivity to targeted inhibitors. The drug's efficacy has been proven in HER2-positive breast and gastric cancers. Some studies have suggested that HER2 inhibitors might be active in HER2-positive biliary tract cancers. This article describes the design of a new clinical trial. The HERB trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with HER2-expressing biliary tract cancers. Clinical trial registration: JMA-IIA00423.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Inmunoconjugados , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/efectos adversos , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Camptotecina/efectos adversos , Camptotecina/análogos & derivados , Ensayos Clínicos Fase II como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoconjugados/efectos adversos , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Receptor ErbB-2 , Trastuzumab/efectos adversosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Dysfunction of the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) plays important roles in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN). The aim of the present study was to identify the candidate cytokines/chemokines that cause the breakdown of the BNB using sera from patients with CIDP and MMN. METHODS: We determined the levels of 27 cytokines and chemokines in human peripheral nerve microvascular endothelial cells (PnMECs) after exposure to sera obtained from patients with CIDP variants (typical CIDP and multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy [MADSAM]), MMN and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and healthy controls (HC), using a multiplexed fluorescent bead-based immunoassay system. RESULTS: The induced protein (IP)10 level in the cells in both the MADSAM and MMN groups was markedly increased in comparison with the typical CIDP, ALS and HC groups. The other cytokines, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-7, were also significantly upregulated in the MADSAM group. The increase of IP-10 produced by PnMECs was correlated with the presence of conduction block in both the MADSAM and MMN groups. CONCLUSION: The autocrine secretion of IP-10 induced by patient sera in PnMECs was markedly upregulated in both the MADSAM and MMN groups. The overproduction of IP-10 by PnMECs leads to the focal breakdown of the BNB and may help to mediate the transfer of pathogenic T cells across the BNB, thereby resulting in the appearance of conduction block in electrophysiological studies of patients with MADSAM and MMN.
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Barrera Hematonerviosa/metabolismo , Quimiocina CXCL10/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Polirradiculoneuropatía Crónica Inflamatoria Desmielinizante/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Microvasos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Conducción Nerviosa , Polineuropatías/metabolismo , Linfocitos TRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of different etching products used prior to the application of universal self-etching adhesive on dentin bonding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The etching products Multi Etchant (ME), Enamel Conditioner (EC), and K-etchant GEL (KE) were used as pre-treatments prior to the application of the one-bottle self-etching adhesive Adhese Universal (AU). Ground human dentin surfaces were randomly divided into four treatment groups: 1. control (CT; AU without con-ditioner); 2. ME; 3. EC; 4. KE. Microtensile bond strength (µTBS) tests with a thermocycling challenge (0-TC or 10,000-TC) were carried out and the morphological attributes of the adhesive-dentin interface were observed after an acid-base challenge using SEM to observe the acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ). RESULTS: The KE group had a statistically significantly lower µTBS than did the ME and EC groups at 0-TC, and than the CT, ME, and EC groups at 10,000-TC (p < 0.05). An ABRZ was observed in all groups but had partially disappeared in KE. A funnel-shaped area of erosion was also observed at the junction of the dentin and bonding layer in the CT, ME, and EC groups, while the hybrid layer was thicker in the KE group with no evidence of erosion. CONCLUSION: The application of ME or EC did not reduce the microtensile bond strength and resulted in ABRZ formation, while the ABRZ was partially reduced in the KE group.
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Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo , Recubrimientos Dentinarios , Grabado Ácido Dental , Resinas Compuestas , Cementos Dentales , Dentina , Humanos , Ensayo de Materiales , Cementos de Resina , Resistencia a la TracciónRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the roles of MDP and NaF in the bonding resin of a two-step self-etch adhesive (2-SEA) on enamel bonding performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experimental 2-SEAs were composed of an MDP-containing self-etching primer and four different bonding resins which were MDP- and NaF-free (00), MDP-containing and NaF-free (M0), MDP-free and NaF-containing (0F), and MDP- and NaF-containing (MF) adhesives. Microshear bond strength (µSBS) to enamel and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the adhesive resin were determined. The morphological characteristics of the adhesive-enamel interface after acid-base challenge were observed using SEM to evaluate the acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ). RESULTS: No decrease in µSBS was observed even after thermocycling (TC) in 00, 0F and MF. However, the µSBS of M0 significantly decreased after TC. The UTS of M0 significantly decreased after 1- and 180-day storage in water. SEM observations indicated that ABRZ was present in all groups. However, formation of erosion beneath the ABRZ was observed in M0 and 00, whereas formation of a slope without erosion was observed at the bottom of the ABRZ in MF. CONCLUSION: In the experimental 2-SEAs, the addition of MDP alone to the adhesive resin did not contribute to an improvement in enamel bonding durability and interfacial morphology, whereas the addition of NaF in the adhesive resin demonstrated an enhancement of the bonding durability and improvement of acid resistance at the bonded interface.
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Grabado Ácido Dental/métodos , Recubrimiento Dental Adhesivo , Recubrimientos Dentinarios , Metacrilatos , Fluoruro de Sodio , Esmalte Dental/ultraestructura , Humanos , Ensayo de Materiales , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Propiedades de Superficie , Resistencia a la TracciónRESUMEN
This study evaluated the effect of Glutathione (GSH) bio-molecule on the reduction of enamel and dentin discoloration after application of 38% silver diammine fluoride solution (SDF). One hundred and twenty bovine teeth specimens were used. The enamel and dentin specimens were divided into three groups: (1) SDF only (control); (2) SDF followed by application of a potassium iodide solution (KI); and (3) SDF mixed with 20% GSH. Half the specimens were exposed to light and the remainder kept in dark conditions (n = 10) Color changes were measured using a spectrophotometer at the following time intervals: before solution application (baseline) and immediately after application, then 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 h, and 7, 10 and 14 days. SEM/EDS analysis was performed on treated enamel and dentin. Statistical analysis was done using a repeated measures ANOVA test. The spectrophotometer results showed that the SDF group exhibited the greatest color changes under both light exposed and dark conditions, while SDF + GSH group was effective in decreasing the color changes in both light and dark conditions. The SDF + KI group showed an insignificant color changes over time. SEM/EDS analysis showed different patterns for the silver crystal formation in each group (SDF, SDF + GSH, and SDF + KI group). It was concluded GSH can effectively minimize color changes after application of SDF, especially on enamel and to a lesser extent on dentin.
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Glutatión/farmacología , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/efectos adversos , Decoloración de Dientes/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Bovinos , Esmalte Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Fluoruros Tópicos , Glutatión/análogos & derivados , Glutatión/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Plata , Decoloración de Dientes/etiologíaRESUMEN
Previous studies failed to detect reduced value of the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) derived from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging in the primary motor cortex in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) though primary motor cortex was mainly affected with ALS. We aimed to investigate the cause of masking the abnormality in the primary motor cortex in ALS and usefulness of ALFF for differential diagnosis among diseases showing muscle weakness. We enrolled ten patients with ALS and eleven disease controls showing muscle weakness. Voxel-wise analysis revealed that significant reduction of ALFF value was present in the right sensorimotor cortex in ALS. There was a significant negative correlation between ALFF value in the right sensorimotor cortex and fractional anisotropy (FA) value in the posterior limbs of the internal capsule (PLIC). For a diagnostic tool, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve improved if the ALS patients with disease duration >1 year were excluded. The present findings raised the possibility of usefulness of ALFF value in the sensorimotor cortex for differential diagnosis of ALS, and supported the notion that adjustment for FA value in the PLIC could improve accuracy.
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Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/patología , Fibras Nerviosas Mielínicas/patología , Tractos Piramidales/fisiopatología , Corteza Sensoriomotora/fisiopatología , Anciano , Anisotropía , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética , Femenino , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Oxígeno/sangre , Tractos Piramidales/diagnóstico por imagen , Curva ROC , Corteza Sensoriomotora/diagnóstico por imagen , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ) at the adhesive/enamel interface of self-etching adhesives with or without prior phosphoric acid etching. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four adhesives were used in 8 groups: Clearfil SE Bond (SEB), Optibond XTR (XTR), Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SBU), and Clearfil BOND SE ONE (ONE) without prior phosphoric-acid etching, and each adhesive with phosphoric acid etching for 10 s (P-SEB, P-XTR, P-SBU and P-ONE, respectively). After application of self-etching adhesives on ground enamel surfaces of human teeth, a flowable composite was placed. For observation of the acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ), the bonded interface was exposed to demineralizing solution (pH 4.5) for 4.5 h, followed by 5% NaOCl with ultrasonication for 20 min. After the acid-base challenge, morphological attributes of the interface were observed using SEM. RESULTS: ABRZ formation was confirmed in all groups. The funnel-shaped erosion beneath the interface was present in SBU and ONE, where nearly 10 to 15 µm of enamel was dissolved. With phosphoric acid etching, the ABRZs were obviously thicker compared with no phosphoric acid etching. CONCLUSION: Enamel beneath the bonding interface was more susceptible to acid dissolution in SBU and ONE. In the case of the one-bottle self-etching adhesives and universal adhesives that intrinsically have higher pH values, enamel etching should be recommended to improve the interfacial quality.
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Grabado Ácido Dental/métodos , Esmalte Dental/ultraestructura , Cementos de Resina/química , Ácido Acético/química , Resinas Compuestas/química , Solubilidad del Esmalte Dental , Materiales Dentales/química , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Ensayo de Materiales , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Ácidos Fosfóricos/química , Distribución Aleatoria , Hipoclorito de Sodio/química , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Our objective was to do an epidemiologic survey of patients with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) in comparison with those with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in Japan. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we examined 46 patients with MMN and 1,051 patients with ALS from major neuromuscular centers in Japan from 2005 to 2009. Diagnosis was based on the European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society (EFNS/PNS) and the revised El Escorial criteria. The efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) was also taken into consideration in the diagnosis of MMN. RESULTS: The ratio of MMN to ALS patients (00.10) varied among the centers, but mostly converged to 0.05. The prevalence was estimated to be 0.29 MMN patients and 6.63 ALS patients per 100,000 population. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of MMN patients was around 1 out of 20 ALS patients, and MMN was possibly underdiagnosed in some centers.
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Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/epidemiología , Potenciales Evocados Motores/fisiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Hospitales , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare autoimmune neurological disorder characterized by progressive axial muscle stiffness, central nervous system hyperexcitability, and painful stimulus-sensitive muscle spasms. A nationwide survey performed in 2018 showed the estimated prevalence of SPS was 0.2 per 100,000 population. Most patients with SPS had antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, followed by antibodies to the glycine receptor α-subunit. Usually, patients with SPS showed favorable outcomes; however, some studies have reported intractable SPS. Early diagnosis and aggressive immunotherapy are necessary for management of patients with SPS.
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Síndrome de la Persona Rígida , Síndrome de la Persona Rígida/diagnóstico , Síndrome de la Persona Rígida/terapia , Síndrome de la Persona Rígida/epidemiología , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Treatment options for patients with unresectable or recurrent biliary tract cancer (BTC) who progress on a gemcitabine-containing regimen are limited. In addition, the significance of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapy in HER2-expressing BTC has not been sufficiently investigated. METHODS: In this phase II trial, participants from five institutions in Japan were enrolled. Eligible patients had pathologically confirmed unresectable or recurrent BTC with centrally confirmed HER2-positive (immunohistochemistry [IHC]3+ or IHC2+ and in situ hybridization [ISH]+) or HER2-low (IHC2+ and ISH-, IHC1+, and IHC0 and ISH+) and were refractory or intolerant to a gemcitabine-containing regimen. The patients received 5.4 mg/kg trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) once every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was the confirmed objective response rate (ORR) in HER2-positive BTC by an independent central review (threshold ORR, 15%; expected ORR, 40%). RESULTS: A total of 32 patients were enrolled and treated. Among these patients, 22 with HER2-positive disease comprised the primary efficacy population and had a confirmed ORR of 36.4% (90% CI, 19.6 to 56.1; P = .01), meeting the primary end point. Eight with HER2-low disease comprised the exploratory population and had a confirmed ORR of 12.5%. The most common ≥grade 3 treatment-related adverse events were anemia (53.1%) and neutropenia (31.3%). Eight patients (25.0%) had interstitial lung disease (ILD), including two grade 5 events. CONCLUSION: T-DXd showed promising activity in patients with HER2-positive BTC and a signal of efficacy in patients with HER2-low BTC. Although the safety profile was generally manageable, ILD requires careful monitoring and early intervention.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory responses in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) remain elusive. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study, in which 14 patients with sCJD, 14 with noninflammatory neurological disorders, and 14 with autoimmune encephalitis were enrolled. We used the suspension array system to measure the concentrations of 27 cytokines in CSF. The cytokine titers of the three groups were compared, and the correlation between the relevant cytokine titers and clinical parameters was investigated in the patients with sCJD. RESULTS: Levels of the two cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist and IL-17 were significantly elevated in the patients with sCJD compared with those in the patients with noninflammatory neurological disorders: IL-17 levels in sCJD were approximately ten times higher than in the noninflammatory neurological disorders (mean, 35.46 vs. 3.45 pg/ml; P < 0.001) but comparable to that in encephalitis (mean, 32.16 pg/ml). In contrast, levels of classical proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-12(p70) and tumor necrosis factor-α were increased only in encephalitis. Although not significant, IL-17 titers tended to be higher in the patients with shorter disease duration before CSF sampling (r = -0.452; P = 0.104) and in those with lower CSF total protein concentrations (r = -0.473; P = 0.086). CONCLUSIONS: IL-17 is significantly increased in CSF in sCJD, which can be an early event in the pathogenesis of sCJD.
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Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Demencia/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Interleucina-17/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/inmunología , Demencia/inmunología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Prenyl flavonoids are widely distributed in plant foods and have attracted appreciable attention in relation to their potential benefits for human health. Prenylation may enhance the biological functions of flavonoids by introducing hydrophobic properties in their basic structures. Previously, we found that 8-prenyl naringenin exerted a greater preventive effect on muscle atrophy than nonprenylated naringenin in a mouse model. Here, we aimed to estimate the effect of prenylation on the bioavailability of dietary quercetin (Q). The cellular uptake of 8-prenyl quercetin (PQ) and Q in Caco-2 cells and C2C12 myotube cells was examined. Prenylation significantly enhanced the cellular uptake by increasing the lipophilicity in both cell types. In Caco-2 cells, efflux of PQ to the basolateral side was <15% of that of Q, suggesting that prenylation attenuates transport from the intestine to the circulation. After intragastric administration of PQ or Q to mice or rats, the area under the concentration-time curve for PQ in plasma and lymph was 52.5% and 37.5% lower than that of Q, respectively. PQ and its O-methylated form (MePQ) accumulated at much higher amounts than Q and O-methylated Q in the liver (Q: 3400%; MePQ: 7570%) and kidney (Q: 385%; MePQ: 736%) of mice after 18 d of feeding. These data suggest that prenylation enhances the accumulation of Q in tissues during long-term feeding, even though prenylation per se lowers its intestinal absorption from the diet.
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Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Riñón/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Linfa/metabolismo , Prenilación , Quercetina/farmacocinética , Animales , Área Bajo la Curva , Disponibilidad Biológica , Transporte Biológico , Células CACO-2 , Humanos , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Absorción Intestinal , Metilación , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/metabolismo , Quercetina/análogos & derivados , Quercetina/sangre , Quercetina/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
We surveyed patients with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) in comparison with those with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in Japan. This retrospective study consisted of 47 patients with MMN and 1,051 patients with ALS from major neuromuscular centers in Japan from 2005 to 2009. The ratio of MMN to ALS patients (0-0.10) varied among the centers, but mostly converged to 0.05. The prevalence was estimated to be 0.3 cases for MMN and 6.63 cases for ALS per 100,000 persons. Twenty-seven of 47 patients (56.5%) showed conduction block (CB). Of the 45 patients who received intravenous immunoglobulin (MVg), 34(75.6 %) demonstrated clear clinical improvement.
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Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/epidemiología , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/uso terapéutico , Polineuropatías/tratamiento farmacológico , Polineuropatías/epidemiología , Distribución por Edad , Esclerosis Amiotrófica Lateral/tratamiento farmacológico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Japón/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare autoimmune neurological disorder characterized by progressive axial muscle stiffness, central nervous system hyper-excitability, and painful stimulus-sensitive muscle spasms. SPS is classified into classic SPS and SPS variants, including stiff-limb syndrome (SLS) and progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM), based on clinical presentation. SPS responds to immunotherapy, and several autoantigens have been identified. Most patients with SPS have high-titers of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and up to 15% of the patients have antibodies against the glycine receptor α-subunit.
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Enfermedades Autoinmunes del Sistema Nervioso , Encefalomielitis , Síndrome de la Persona Rígida , Humanos , Síndrome de la Persona Rígida/diagnóstico , Síndrome de la Persona Rígida/terapia , Rigidez Muscular , Sistema Nervioso Central , Glutamato DescarboxilasaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To elucidate current epidemiologic, clinical, and immunologic profiles and treatments of stiff-person syndrome (SPS) in Japan. METHODS: A nationwide mail survey was conducted using an established method. Data processing sheets were sent to randomly selected departments of internal medicine, neurology, pediatrics, psychiatry, and neurosurgery in hospitals and clinics throughout Japan to identify patients with SPS who were seen between January 2015 and December 2017. RESULTS: Thirty cases were identified as glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65)-positive SPS cases on the basis of detailed clinical data of 55 cases. Four patients had α1 subunit of glycine receptor (GlyR) antibodies, and 1 patient had both GAD65 and GlyR antibodies. The total estimated number of patients with GAD65-positive SPS was 140, and the estimated prevalence was 0.11 per 100,000 population. The median age at onset was 51 years (range, 26-83 years), and 23 (76%) were female. Of these, 70% had classic SPS, and 30% had stiff-limb syndrome. The median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was significantly longer in the high-titer GAD65 antibody group than in the low-titer group (13 months vs 2.5 months, p = 0.01). The median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at baseline was 4, and the median mRS at the last follow-up was 2. Among the 29 GAD65-positive patients with ≥1 year follow-up, 7 received only symptomatic treatment, 9 underwent immunotherapy without long-term immunotherapy, and 13 received long-term immunotherapy such as oral prednisolone. The coexistence of type 1 diabetes mellitus and the lack of long-term immunotherapy were independent risk factors for poor outcome (mRS ≥3) in the GAD65-positive patients (odds ratio, 15.0; 95% CI 2.6-131.6; p = 0.001; odds ratio, 19.8; 95% CI 3.2-191.5; p = 0.001, respectively). DISCUSSION: This study provides the current epidemiologic and clinical status of SPS in Japan. The symptom onset to the diagnosis of SPS was longer in patients with high-titer GAD65 antibodies than in those with low-titer GAD65 antibodies. The outcome of patients with SPS was generally favorable, but more aggressive immunotherapies are necessary for GAD65-positive patients with SPS.
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Síndrome de la Persona Rígida , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anticuerpos , Pueblos del Este de Asia , Glutamato Descarboxilasa , Inmunoterapia , Prevalencia , Pronóstico , Síndrome de la Persona Rígida/diagnóstico , Síndrome de la Persona Rígida/epidemiología , Síndrome de la Persona Rígida/terapiaRESUMEN
Intimal sarcoma is an extremely rare, life-threatening malignant neoplasm. Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) amplification is observed in >70% of intimal sarcomas. Milademetan, an MDM2 inhibitor, may provide clinical benefit in this patient population. We conducted a phase Ib/II study in patients with MDM2-amplified, wild-type TP53 intimal sarcoma as a substudy of a large nationwide registry for rare cancers in Japan. Milademetan (260 mg) was administered orally once daily for 3 days every 14 days, twice in a 28-day cycle. Of 11 patients enrolled, 10 were included in the efficacy analysis. Two patients (20%) showed durable responses for >15 months. Antitumor activity correlated with TWIST1 amplification (P = 0.028) and negatively with CDKN2A loss (P = 0.071). Acquired TP53 mutations were detected in sequential liquid biopsies as a novel exploratory resistance mechanism to milademetan. These results suggest that milademetan could be a potential therapeutic strategy for intimal sarcoma. SIGNIFICANCE: Strategies to optimize outcomes could include the use of new biomarkers (TWIST1 amplification and CDKN2A loss) to select patients with MDM2-amplified intimal sarcoma who might benefit from milademetan and combination with other targeted treatments. Sequential liquid biopsy of TP53 can be used to evaluate disease status during treatment with milademetan. See related commentary by Italiano, p. 1765. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1749.
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Antineoplásicos , Sarcoma , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Amplificación de Genes , Indoles/uso terapéutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/genética , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Sarcoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Sarcoma/genética , Sarcoma/patologíaRESUMEN
Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is a rare disorder characterized by muscle stiffness mimicking other neuromuscular diseases. The diagnosis of EF is made on the basis of typical skin lesions. We report a case of a 36-year-old male patient with suspected stiff-person syndrome (SPS), who presented with progressive limb muscle stiffness and limited mobility of both wrists without obvious skin changes. Ultrasound revealed fascial thickening of bilateral upper and lower limb muscles and enlargement of hypoechoic tissues around the flexor digitorum tendons of the wrist. Skin and fascia biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of EF. Prednisolone therapy resulted in the improvement of muscle stiffness and tightness. Our findings suggest the need to consider connective tissue diseases such as EF in a patient with atypical features of SPS. Ultrasound is helpful for visualizing the causes of muscle stiffness and joint contractures in EF patients.
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Eosinofilia , Fascitis , Síndrome de la Persona Rígida , Adulto , Eosinofilia/diagnóstico por imagen , Eosinofilia/patología , Fascitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Fascitis/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Prednisolona , Síndrome de la Persona Rígida/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Tuft cells are chemosensory epithelial cells in the respiratory tract and several other organs. Recent studies revealed tuft cell-like gene expression signatures in some pulmonary adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas (SQCC), small cell carcinomas (SCLC), and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC). Identification of their similarities could inform shared druggable vulnerabilities. Clinicopathological features of tuft cell-like (tcl) subsets in various lung cancer histotypes were studied in two independent tumor cohorts using immunohistochemistry (n = 674 and 70). Findings were confirmed, and additional characteristics were explored using public datasets (RNA seq and immunohistochemical data) (n = 555). Drug susceptibilities of tuft cell-like SCLC cell lines were also investigated. By immunohistochemistry, 10-20% of SCLC and LCNEC, and approximately 2% of SQCC expressed POU2F3, the master regulator of tuft cells. These tuft cell-like tumors exhibited "lineage ambiguity" as they co-expressed NCAM1, a marker for neuroendocrine differentiation, and KRT5, a marker for squamous differentiation. In addition, tuft cell-like tumors co-expressed BCL2 and KIT, and tuft cell-like SCLC and LCNEC, but not SQCC, also highly expressed MYC. Data from public datasets confirmed these features and revealed that tuft cell-like SCLC and LCNEC co-clustered on hierarchical clustering. Furthermore, only tuft cell-like subsets among pulmonary cancers significantly expressed FOXI1, the master regulator of ionocytes, suggesting their bidirectional but immature differentiation status. Clinically, tuft cell-like SCLC and LCNEC had a similar prognosis. Experimentally, tuft cell-like SCLC cell lines were susceptible to PARP and BCL2 co-inhibition, indicating synergistic effects. Taken together, pulmonary tuft cell-like cancers maintain histotype-related clinicopathologic characteristics despite overlapping unique molecular features. From a therapeutic perspective, identification of tuft cell-like LCNECs might be crucial given their close kinship with tuft cell-like SCLC.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Grandes , Carcinoma Neuroendocrino , Carcinoma de Células Pequeñas , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/genética , Carcinoma de Células Pequeñas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Pequeñas/patología , Carcinoma Neuroendocrino/genética , Carcinoma Neuroendocrino/metabolismo , Carcinoma Neuroendocrino/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/genética , Factores de Transcripción ForkheadRESUMEN
Mitochondrial disorders are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous multisystem disorders and peripheral neuropathy is frequently described in the context of mutations in mitochondrial-related nuclear genes. This study aimed to identify the causative mutations in mitochondrial-related nuclear genes in suspected hereditary peripheral neuropathy patients. We enrolled a large Japanese cohort of clinically suspected hereditary peripheral neuropathy patients who were mutation negative in the prescreening of the known Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-causing genes. We performed whole-exome sequencing on 247 patients with autosomal recessive or sporadic inheritance for further analysis of 167 mitochondrial-related nuclear genes. We detected novel bi-allelic likely pathogenic/pathogenic variants in four patients, from four mitochondrial-related nuclear genes: pyruvate dehydrogenase beta-polypeptide (PDHB), mitochondrial poly(A) polymerase (MTPAP), hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase, beta subunit (HADHB), and succinate-CoA ligase ADP-forming beta subunit (SUCLA2). All these patients showed sensory and motor axonal polyneuropathy, combined with central nervous system or multisystem involvements. The pathological analysis of skeletal muscles revealed mild neurogenic changes without significant mitochondrial abnormalities. Targeted screening of mitochondria-related nuclear genes should be considered for patients with complex hereditary axonal polyneuropathy, accompanied by central nervous system dysfunctions, or with unexplainable multisystem disorders.