Acute lung injury and repair induced by single exposure of Aspergillus fumigatus in immunocompetent mice.

Aim: Characterize the course of acute Aspergillus fumigatus lung infection in immunocompetent mice, investigating the immunological, pathological and tissue functional modifications. Materials & methods: C57BL/6 mice were intranasally infected with A. fumigatus conidia and euthanized to access inflammatory parameters. Results: Mice infected with A. fumigatus showed an inoculum-dependent lethality and body weight loss. An intense proinflammatory cytokine release, neutrophil infiltrate and pulmonary dysfunction was also observed in the early phase of infection. In the late phase of infection, proresolving mediators release, apoptosis and efferocytosis increased and lung tissue architecture is restored. Conclusion: Our study characterized an immunocompetent model of acute pulmonary Aspergillus infection in mice and opened an array of possibilities for investigations on interactions of A. fumigatus with host-immune system.

Inhalation of the prodrug PI3K inhibitor CL27c improves lung function in asthma and fibrosis.

PI3K activation plays a central role in the development of pulmonary inflammation and tissue remodeling. PI3K inhibitors may thus offer an improved therapeutic opportunity to treat non-resolving lung inflammation but their action is limited by unwanted on-target systemic toxicity. Here we present CL27c, a prodrug pan-PI3K inhibitor designed for local therapy, and investigate whether inhaled CL27c is effective in asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. Mice inhaling CL27c show reduced insulin-evoked Akt phosphorylation in lungs, but no change in other tissues and no increase in blood glycaemia, in line with a local action. In murine models of acute or glucocorticoid-resistant neutrophilic asthma, inhaled CL27c reduces inflammation and improves lung function. Finally, inhaled CL27c administered in a therapeutic setting protects from bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, ultimately leading to significantly improved survival. Therefore, local delivery of a pan-PI3K inhibitor prodrug reduces systemic on-target side effects but effectively treats asthma and irreversible pulmonary fibrosis.