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1.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 28(1): 95-103, 2022 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34856114

RESUMEN

To determine risk factors for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among US healthcare personnel (HCP), we conducted a case-control analysis. We collected data about activities outside the workplace and COVID-19 patient care activities from HCP with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test results (cases) and from HCP with negative test results (controls) in healthcare facilities in 5 US states. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate adjusted matched odds ratios and 95% CIs for exposures. Among 345 cases and 622 controls, factors associated with risk were having close contact with persons with COVID-19 outside the workplace, having close contact with COVID-19 patients in the workplace, and assisting COVID-19 patients with activities of daily living. Protecting HCP from COVID-19 may require interventions that reduce their exposures outside the workplace and improve their ability to more safely assist COVID-19 patients with activities of daily living.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Exposición Profesional , Actividades Cotidianas , Atención a la Salud , Personal de Salud , Humanos , Factores de Riesgo , SARS-CoV-2
2.
J Nucl Cardiol ; 25(4): 1400-1411, 2018 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29637525

RESUMEN

Cardiac PET/CT is an evolving, non-invasive imaging modality that impacts patient management in many clinical scenarios. Beyond offering the capability to assess myocardial perfusion, inflammatory cardiac pathologies, and myocardial viability, cardiac PET/CT also allows for the non-invasive quantitative assessment of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR). Recognizing the need for an enhanced comprehension of coronary physiology, Siemens Healthineers implemented a sophisticated solution for the calculation of MBF and MFR in 2009. As a result, each aspect of their innovative scanner and image-processing technology seamlessly integrates into an efficient, easy-to-use workflow for everyday clinical use that maximizes the number of patients who potentially benefit from this imaging modality.


Asunto(s)
Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/métodos , Cardiología , Circulación Coronaria , Reserva del Flujo Fraccional Miocárdico , Humanos , Medicina Nuclear , Soluciones
3.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol ; 45(1): 82-88, 2024 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37462106

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To characterize residential social vulnerability among healthcare personnel (HCP) and evaluate its association with severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: This study analyzed data collected in May-December 2020 through sentinel and population-based surveillance in healthcare facilities in Colorado, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, and Oregon. PARTICIPANTS: Data from 2,168 HCP (1,571 cases and 597 controls from the same facilities) were analyzed. METHODS: HCP residential addresses were linked to the social vulnerability index (SVI) at the census tract level, which represents a ranking of community vulnerability to emergencies based on 15 US Census variables. The primary outcome was SARS-CoV-2 infection, confirmed by positive antigen or real-time reverse-transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test on nasopharyngeal swab. Significant differences by SVI in participant characteristics were assessed using the Fisher exact test. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between case status and SVI, controlling for HCP role and patient care activities, were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS: Significantly higher proportions of certified nursing assistants (48.0%) and medical assistants (44.1%) resided in high SVI census tracts, compared to registered nurses (15.9%) and physicians (11.6%). HCP cases were more likely than controls to live in high SVI census tracts (aOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.37-2.26). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that residing in more socially vulnerable census tracts may be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among HCP and that residential vulnerability differs by HCP role. Efforts to safeguard the US healthcare workforce and advance health equity should address the social determinants that drive racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic health disparities.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Vulnerabilidad Social , Atención a la Salud
4.
Nutrients ; 15(7)2023 Mar 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37049558

RESUMEN

Meat and poultry are nutrient-dense sources of protein and typically are recommended as part of an overall healthy diet. The objective was to assess the nutritional impact of removing a serving of meat/poultry in Healthy Dietary Patterns (HDPs) using a similar approach to that used by the USDA for Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Composites of minimally processed and further processed meat and poultry were developed and their nutrient profiles were used to accomplish modeling by removing nutrients of each meat and poultry composite from the HDPs. The removal of a 3 oz (85 g) serving of meat or poultry resulted in decreases (10% or more from baseline) in protein and several key micronutrients including iron, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, selenium, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and choline as well as cholesterol and sodium in the HDPs, and the decreases were consistent for most nutrients with the removal of either minimally processed (fresh) or further processed meat or poultry and even after adjusting for changes in calories. In conclusion, the results of this dietary modeling study show that the removal of a meat and poultry serving from HDPs resulted in decreases in protein and several key nutrients.


Asunto(s)
Carne , Aves de Corral , Animales , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Carne/análisis , Dieta , Ingestión de Energía , Vitaminas
5.
J Vet Diagn Invest ; 35(5): 581-584, 2023 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37329122

RESUMEN

Clinical signs in 4 cases of salmonellosis in cats included vomiting, diarrhea (2 cases each), fever, dystocia, icterus, and seizures (1 case each). Three cats died, and one was euthanized. Grossly, all cats were in poor body condition and had yellow-to-dark-red perianal feces (3 cases), oral and ocular pallor (2 cases) or icterus (1 case), fluid or pasty yellow intestinal contents (4 cases), white or dark-red-to-black depressed areas on the hepatic surface (2 cases), yellow abdominal fluid with swollen abdominal lymph nodes (1 case), and fibrin strands on the placental chorionic surface (1 case). Histologically, all cats had necrotizing enterocolitis and random hepatocellular necrosis. Other histologic findings included mesenteric (4 cases) or splenic (2 cases) lymphoid necrosis, and endometrial and chorioallantoic necrosis (1 case). Gram-negative bacilli were observed within neutrophils and macrophages in the intestinal lamina propria (4 cases), liver, spleen, lymph node, endometrium, and placenta (1 case each). Aerobic bacterial culture on frozen samples of small intestine, mesenteric lymph node, lung, and liver yielded Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica. Serotyping was consistent with S. Enteritidis (cases 1, 3) and S. Typhimurium (cases 2, 4).


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos , Salmonelosis Animal , Salmonella enterica , Embarazo , Gatos , Femenino , Animales , Salmonelosis Animal/patología , Placenta/patología , Salmonella , Necrosis/veterinaria
6.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol ; 43(8): 1058-1062, 2022 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34075869

RESUMEN

Healthcare personnel with severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were interviewed to describe activities and practices in and outside the workplace. Among 2,625 healthcare personnel, workplace-related factors that may increase infection risk were more common among nursing-home personnel than hospital personnel, whereas selected factors outside the workplace were more common among hospital personnel.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/epidemiología , Atención a la Salud , Personal de Salud , Humanos , Personal de Hospital , Instituciones de Cuidados Especializados de Enfermería
7.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 259(9): 1032-1039, 2021 11 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34647475

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To establish a pathoepidemiological model to evaluate the role of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the first 10 companion animals that died while infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the US. ANIMALS: 10 cats and dogs that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and died or were euthanized in the US between March 2020 and January 2021. PROCEDURES: A standardized algorithm was developed to direct case investigations, determine the necessity of certain diagnostic procedures, and evaluate the role, if any, that SARS-CoV-2 infection played in the animals' course of disease and death. Using clinical and diagnostic information collected by state animal health officials, state public health veterinarians, and other state and local partners, this algorithm was applied to each animal case. RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2 was an incidental finding in 8 animals, was suspected to have contributed to the severity of clinical signs leading to euthanasia in 1 dog, and was the primary reason for death for 1 cat. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This report provides the global community with a standardized process for directing case investigations, determining the necessity of certain diagnostic procedures, and determining the clinical significance of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals with fatal outcomes and provides evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can, in rare circumstances, cause or contribute to death in pets.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Enfermedades de los Perros , Animales , COVID-19/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Gatos , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Perros , Mascotas , SARS-CoV-2
8.
PLoS One ; 14(6): e0217947, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31166992

RESUMEN

Ground beef makes up more than half of the beef consumed in the U.S. market. Although numerous studies have been conducted on microbial safety and shelf life of ground beef limited work has been done using a culture-independent approach. While past studies have allowed for the evaluation of a few organisms of interest, there is limited work on the microbial community associated with fresh ground beef. In order to have a more complete picture of the microbial ecology of the product, a culture-independent approach utilizing 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used. The objectives of this study were to characterize the fresh ground beef microbiome and the effect that antimicrobial interventions and antioxidants, applied to beef trim before grinding, and product storage have on community composition using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Beef trimmings were treated with antimicrobials and an antioxidant. Samples were ground, loafed, and overwrapped before being packaged in modified-atmosphere packaging. Samples were in dark storage for 21 days followed by five days in retail display. Periodically during storage, samples were collected for microbiological analysis and DNA isolation. Due to low microbial biomass, only 52 of 210 samples were included in the final analysis. These samples represented two antimicrobial treatments (peroxyacetic acid, and a sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate blend) and a control, from day-15 of dark storage and day-5 of retail display. As sample age increased, so did the number of raw reads (P < 0.001) and aerobic plate counts (P < 0.001), which were correlated (r = 0.94, P = 0.017). Across all samples, lactic acid bacteria were most abundant followed by Enterobacteriaceae; several rare taxa were also identified (namely Geobacillus, Thermus, and Sporosarcina). Antimicrobial treatment altered the bacterial alpha (P < 0.001) and beta (P = 0.001) diversity, while storage day altered alpha (P = 0.001) diversity. Enterobacteriaceae relative abundance differed (P < 0.05) among treatments and was highest in control samples. In addition to confirming previously described dominant microbial differences in culture-dependent results, these data identified genera not typically associated with ground beef and allowed for study of shifts in the entire microbiome and not just a subset of indicator organisms.


Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Descontaminación , Conservación de Alimentos , Microbiota , Carne Roja/microbiología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Biodiversidad , Biomasa , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Microbiota/efectos de los fármacos , Filogenia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Factores de Tiempo
10.
Acad Med ; 88(8): 1099-104, 2013 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23807111

RESUMEN

Hospitals are continually challenged to provide safer and higher-quality patient care despite resource constraints. With an ever-increasing range of quality and safety targets at the national, state, and local levels, prioritization is crucial in effective institutional quality goal setting and resource allocation.Organizational goal-setting theory is a performance improvement methodology with strong results across many industries. The authors describe a structured goal-setting process they have established at Massachusetts General Hospital for setting annual institutional quality and safety goals. Begun in 2008, this process has been conducted on an annual basis. Quality and safety data are gathered from many sources, both internal and external to the hospital. These data are collated and classified, and multiple approaches are used to identify the most pressing quality issues facing the institution. The conclusions are subject to stringent internal review, and then the top quality goals of the institution are chosen. Specific tactical initiatives and executive owners are assigned to each goal, and metrics are selected to track performance. A reporting tool based on these tactics and metrics is used to deliver progress updates to senior hospital leadership.The hospital has experienced excellent results and strong organizational buy-in using this effective, low-cost, and replicable goal-setting process. It has led to improvements in structural, process, and outcomes aspects of quality.


Asunto(s)
Centros Médicos Académicos/organización & administración , Liderazgo , Manejo de Atención al Paciente/normas , Calidad de la Atención de Salud/normas , Seguridad/normas , Centros Médicos Académicos/normas , Humanos , Massachusetts , Objetivos Organizacionales , Administración de la Seguridad/métodos
11.
J Am Coll Radiol ; 6(8): 562-6, 2009 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19643384

RESUMEN

Large health care systems with varied hospital cultures, environments, and practices are continually challenged to provide safer and higher quality patient care. The authors describe their experience implementing uniform procedures for computed tomographic contrast media administration and the impact that standardization of these practices had on patient safety at a large integrated health care system.


Asunto(s)
Medios de Contraste/efectos adversos , Atención a la Salud/normas , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/prevención & control , Garantía de la Calidad de Atención de Salud/normas , Radiología/normas , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/efectos adversos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/normas , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/etiología , Humanos , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Estados Unidos
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