RESUMEN
Symptoms resembling the attentional deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are frequently observed in young relatives at risk for schizophrenia (HR). We examined the frequency of the ADHD syndrome and its relationship to psychosis related psychopathology and neurobehavioral abnormalities in young HR subjects (n=29) and healthy comparison subjects (HC; n=30). Thirty-one percent of HR subjects (n=9) had ADHD as a lifetime Axis-I diagnosis (HR-A). Compared to healthy comparison subjects, the HR-A group had impaired neurological function. The HR-A group but not the HR subjects without ADHD had higher scores on the Chapman's magical ideation and perceptual aberration scales. Thus, ADHD-like features are more prevalent in the HR population than the one described in the general population and are associated with more frequent psychosis-like clinical features. Longitudinal studies can clarify whether an "ADHD subgroup" within HR subjects predict an increased risk for future emergence of schizophrenia.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/epidemiología , Hijo de Padres Discapacitados/psicología , Salud de la Familia , Trastornos Psicóticos/psicología , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Adolescente , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/psicología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pennsylvania/epidemiología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Some studies have found that antidepressants increase serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in patients with major depression and the expression of BDNF mRNA in limbic structures of rats. OBJECTIVES: This study addressed whether the SSRI escitalopram increases serum BDNF levels in subjects with PTSD and whether BDNF levels are associated with treatment response. METHODS: Medically healthy male subjects (N=16) with chronic PTSD completed a 12 week open-label trial of flexible dose (5-20 mg/day) escitalopram monotherapy. BDNF levels were obtained at baseline, and at weeks 4, 8 and 12. RESULTS: PTSD symptoms significantly declined over the course of the 12 week escitalopram treatment. Despite a substantial improvement in PTSD symptoms, there was virtually no change in BDNF levels over time. Nevertheless, mean BDNF levels across the trial were strongly correlated with the slope of PTSD symptoms over the 12 weeks (r=0.58, p=0.018). Lower mean BDNF was associated with a greater decrease in PTSD symptoms over the course of the trial. CONCLUSIONS: PTSD subjects with low BDNF levels demonstrated the largest treatment response from an agent with putative neurotrophic effects.