RESUMEN
Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma (UES) of the liver is a primary malignant tumor, rarely diagnosed in adults. Because of the absence of specific symptoms, rapid tumor growth, and normality of the common tumor markers, this neoplasm has a poor prognosis. Histologically, UES of the liver is characterized by anaplastic cells within myxoid matrix. Histological, immunohistochemical and chromosomic alterations are similar in UES and in mesenchymal hamartoma, suggesting a relation between these entities. The mainstay of treatment is surgery, while adjuvant treatment could increase survival.
Asunto(s)
Anemia/etiología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Sarcoma/complicaciones , Anemia Hipocrómica/etiología , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sarcoma/patologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: In 2008, colorectal cancer represented the third most commonly diagnosed tumor in Spain, and the second tumor with more deaths. Despite the new potential biomarkers in colorectal cancer, there are many challenges that need to be overcome, resulting in a need for the standardization of its determinations. DISCUSSION: The continuous advance in tumor disease knowledge makes this review a summary of the current accepted, recommended and studied tumor markers for the diagnosis and monitoring of colorectal cancer, such as fecal markers, tissue markers and serological markers, and various prognostic markers on which there are different lines of treatment in colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Oncological guidelines recommend only a minority of tumor markers for routine use, such as the study of fecal occult blood, CEA determination in the postoperative followup, microsatellite instability to identify people susceptible to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cáncer, and mutation of APC in the diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/química , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Neoplasias Colorrectales/química , Adenocarcinoma/sangre , Proteínas Angiogénicas/sangre , Antígeno CA-19-9/análisis , Antígeno Carcinoembrionario/análisis , Cromosomas Humanos Par 18/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/sangre , ADN de Neoplasias/análisis , Heces/química , Genes Relacionados con las Neoplasias , Humanos , Pérdida de Heterocigocidad , MicroARNs/análisis , Inestabilidad de Microsatélites , Sangre Oculta , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Prevalencia , ARN Neoplásico/análisis , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
El sarcoma indiferenciado (embrionario) del hígado es una neoplasia primaria maligna, que se diagnostica de forma excepcional en el adulto. La ausencia de síntomas específicos, el rápido crecimiento tumoral y la normalidad de los marcadores tumorales hacen de esta neoplasia un proceso de mal pronóstico. Histológicamente, se caracteriza por la presencia de una matriz mesenquimal y un pleomorfismo nuclear. Diversas características histológicas y cromosómicas harían pensar en una posible relación con el hamartoma mesenquimal. El tratamiento de elección es la cirugía, y puede recurrirse a la quimioterapia como tratamiento coadyuvante
Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma (UES) of the liver is a primary malignant tumor, rarely diagnosed in adults. Because of the absence of specific symptoms, rapid tumor growth, and normality of the common tumor markers, this neoplasm has a poor prognosis. Histologically, UES of the liver is characterized by anaplastic cells within myxoid matrix. Histological, immunohistochemical and chromosomic alterations are similar in UES and in mesenchymal hamartoma, suggesting a relation between these entities. The mainstay of treatment is surgery, while adjuvant treatment could increase survival