Compressive temporal imaging using a rolling shutter camera array.

In this work, we present a novel camera array that exploits the electronic rolling shutter to achieve high speed compressive temporal imaging. Traditional compressive temporal imaging makes use of mechanical coded apertures, despite implementation and calibration challenges. Instead, we propose to model the inherent spatial and temporal coding provided by the distinctive rolling shutter sampling from each camera of the array as a compressive temporal imaging system matrix. Thus, we can recover a high speed video from a set of snapshots from the camera array by using compressive sensing reconstruction algorithms. We present both simulation and experimental results for a 4-camera array system with different orientation angles, reconstructing up to 56 high-speed sub-frames from a set of simultaneously triggered snapshots from the array, achieving a compression rate of up to 14X.

Snapshot compressive spectral depth imaging from coded aberrations.

Compressive spectral depth imaging (CSDI) is an emerging technology aiming to reconstruct spectral and depth information of a scene from a limited set of two-dimensional projections. CSDI architectures have conventionally relied on stereo setups that require the acquisition of multiple shots attained via dynamically programmable spatial light modulators (SLM). This work proposes a snapshot CSDI architecture that exploits both phase and amplitude modulation and uses a single image sensor. Specifically, we modulate the spectral-depth information in two steps. Firstly, a deformable mirror (DM) is used as a phase modulator to induce a focal length sweeping while simultaneously introducing a controlled aberration. The phase-modulated wavefront is then spatially modulated and spectrally dispersed by a digital micromirror device (DMD) and a prism, respectively. Therefore, each depth plane is modulated by a variable phase and binary code. Complimentary, we also propose a computational methodology to recover the underlying spectral depth hypercube efficiently. Through simulations and our experimental proof-of-concept implementation, we demonstrate that the proposed computational imaging system is a viable approach to capture spectral-depth hypercubes from a single image.

Pesticide Residues and Health Risk Assessment in Tomatoes and Lettuces from Farms of Metropolitan Region Chile.

Over the last years, the detection of pesticide residues in the official food surveillance programs of Chile has been increased, mainly in fresh vegetables such as tomatoes and lettuces. The Metropolitana Region of Chile presents the highest detections in the country. The lack of evaluations of toxicological risks in human health have increased uncertainty of the potential effects of pesticides exposures in the Chilean population. This research aims to determinate health risks assessment of pesticide residues associated to tomatoes and lettuces produced in Metropolitana Region. The findings of this study reveal that tomatoes and lettuces cultivated in the MR show more than 50% of samples with one or multiple pesticides residues. From the total samples, 16% were over the Chilean Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs). The main pesticides detected in tomatoes and lettuces were methamidophos, methomyl, difenoconazole, cyprodinil and boscalid. The results obtained using the official data of the Ministry of Health of Chile (MINSAL) compared to the World Health Organization (WHO), describe relevant risks through the Estimated Daily Intakes (EDI), Hazard Quotients (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) for the Chilean population due to high concentrations of methamidophos, methomyl and cyprodinil. More restrictions for the use of methamidophos, methomyl, difenoconazole, cyprodinil and boscalid and effective control programs should be implemented in order to mitigate the impacts on the Chilean population.

Compressive spectral imaging via deformable mirror and colored-mosaic detector.

Compressive Spectral Imaging (CSI) is an emerging technology that aims at reconstructing a spectral image from a limited set of two-dimensional projections. To capture these projections, CSI architectures often combine light dispersive elements with coded apertures or programmable spatial light modulators. This work introduces a novel and compact CSI architecture based on a deformable mirror and a colored-filter detector to produce compressive spatio-spectral projections without the need of a grating or prism. Alongside, we propose a tensor-based reconstruction algorithm to recover the spatial-spectral information from the compressed measurements. Experimental results on both simulated and real datasets demonstrate efficacy of the proposed acquisition architecture and the especially crafted inversion algorithms.

New Data Completing the Spectrum of the Ma, RMia, and RMja Genes for Resistance to Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in Prunus.

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) (Meloidogyne spp.) are worldwide pests that affect a considerable number of plants, among which stone fruit (Prunus spp.) are severely attacked. Prevalent RKN species are Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica in stone fruit but the emergent M. ethiopica and M. enterolobii are also reported to challenge perennial crops. In Prunus spp., the complete-spectrum resistance (R) gene Ma from plum and the more restricted-spectrum R genes RMia from peach and RMja from almond completely inhibit nematode multiplication and gall formation of the RKN species that they control. This study aimed to update the resistance spectra of these three major genes by evaluating their activity toward one isolate of the yet-untested RKN species mentioned above. To state whether a given gene controls a particular species, the principle of our experiment was to genotype with appropriate markers a number of individuals segregating for this gene and then to phenotype these individuals. A perfect matching of the genotype and the phenotype of individuals indicates that the gene of interest is active against and, thus, controls the corresponding isolate of this RKN species. Segregating materials used were an Ma F1 plum progeny, an RMia F2 peach progeny, and an RMja F2 almond progeny. In addition to previous data, our results establish a clear spectrum for each of the three genes toward isolates from both the three prevalent species and the two emerging species. Ultimately, our results reveal that (i) Ma controls all of them, (ii) RMja controls all species except M. incognita and M. floridensis, and (iii) RMia controls M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M. ethiopica but not M. javanica or M. enterolobii. Our data should have wide implications for RKN resistance management and breeding and for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of the spectrum of RKN R genes.

Snapshot compressive imaging using aberrations.

Based on compressed sensing, snapshot compressive imaging aims to optically compress high resolution images using low resolution detectors. The challenge is the generation of the simultaneous optical projections that can fulfill compressed sensing reconstruction requirements. We propose the use of aberrations to produce point spread functions that can simultaneously code and multiplex partial parts the scene. We explore different Zernike modes and analyze the corresponding coherence parameter. Simulation and experimental reconstruction results from 16X compressed measurements of natively sparse and natural scenes demonstrate the feasibility of using aberrations, in particular primary and secondary astigmatism, for simple, effective single-shot compressive imaging.

Compressive hyperspectral imaging recovery by spatial-spectral non-local means regularization.

Hyperspectral imaging systems can benefit from compressed sensing to reduce data acquisition demands. We present a new reconstruction algorithm to recover the hyperspectral datacube from limited optically compressed measurements, exploiting the inherent spatial and spectral correlations through non-local means regularization. The reconstruction process is solved with the help of split Bregman optimization techniques, including penalty functions defined according to the spatial and spectral properties of the scene and noise sources. For validation purposes, we also implemented a compressive hyperspectral imaging system that relies on a digital micromirror device and a near-infrared spectrometer, where we obtained enhanced and promising reconstruction results when using our proposed technique in contrast with traditional compressive image reconstruction.

Identification of Meloidogyne Species from the Central Valley of Chile and Interaction with Stone Fruit Rootstocks.

Root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) are predominant polyphagous pests of crops in the Central Valley of Chile. Twenty RKN populations from this region were collected from diverse crops and subsequently identified with both sequence-characterized amplified region and isoenzyme markers. Populations included three RKN species: Meloidogyne ethiopica (75%), M. javanica (15%), and M. arenaria (10%). This is the first report of the high prevalence and wide host range of M. ethiopica in Chile. The host status of three Prunus rootstocks for isolates obtained from the Chilean RKN populations was then evaluated. Rootstocks assessed included the peach rootstock Nemaguard and the plum rootstock Marianna 2624, both previously considered resistant, and the peach rootstock Pomona as a susceptible accession. In the first experiment, rootstocks were inoculated individually in pots with 10,000 second-stage juveniles and eggs of each isolate, and reproduction and galling were evaluated 5 months after inoculation. In the second experiment, the six most aggressive RKN isolates were used in a mixture to evaluate the host response of the same three rootstocks. No RKN were detected on Marianna 2624 in both experiments, which confirmed its immune host status to M. arenaria and M. javanica; this is the first report of immunity to M. ethiopica. Even though Pomona was classified overall as susceptible, the response of this rootstock to the RKN isolates was highly variable and ranged from susceptible to resistant, depending on the RKN isolates. Nemaguard ranged from resistant (to each of the most aggressive isolates and to their mixture) to highly resistant (to M. arenaria isolates). Our results illustrate that Prunus rootstocks express different levels of resistance to RKN species. RKN resistance may be active either at the isolate level (as in Pomona), at the species level (as in Nemaguard toward M. javanica and M. arenaria), or at the genus level (as in Marianna 2624).

Simultaneous digital super-resolution and nonuniformity correction for infrared imaging systems.

In this article, we present a novel algorithm to achieve simultaneous digital super-resolution and nonuniformity correction from a sequence of infrared images. We propose to use spatial regularization terms that exploit nonlocal means and the absence of spatial correlation between the scene and the nonuniformity noise sources. We derive an iterative optimization algorithm based on a gradient descent minimization strategy. Results from infrared image sequences corrupted with simulated and real fixed-pattern noise show a competitive performance compared with state-of-the-art methods. A qualitative analysis on the experimental results obtained with images from a variety of infrared cameras indicates that the proposed method provides super-resolution images with significantly less fixed-pattern noise.

Features for instantaneous emissions of low-level infrared signals of glucokinase enzyme from Pyrococcus furiosus.

A noncontact infrared (IR) imaging-based methodology and signal recovery tools are applied on an enzyme reaction as a test target. The method is implemented by a long-wave (8-12 µm) IR microbolometer imaging array and a germanium-based IR optical vision. The reaction is carried out by the glucokinase, which produces a rapid exothermal release of energy that is weak, and, even worse, the IR video captured by the uncooled microbolometer detector is affected by spatial and temporal noise with specific complexities. Hitherto, IR-based signal recovery tools have worked with a standard acquisition frequency, which is clearly beyond the time scale of a real scenario. The implications of this (and similar) rapid reactions motivate the designs of a signal recovery method using prior information of the processes to extract and quantify the spontaneity of the enzymatic reaction in a three-dimensional (space and time) single and noncontact online measurement.

Multispectral Filter Array Design by Optimal Sphere Packing.

Multispectral imaging (MSI) collects a datacube of spatio-spectral information of a scene. Many acquisition methods for spectral imaging use scanning, preventing its widespread usage for dynamic scenes. On the other hand, the conventional color filter array (CFA) method often used to sample color images has also been extended to snapshot MSI using a Multispectral Filter Array (MSFA), which is a mosaic of selective spectral filters placed over the Focal Plane Array (FPA). However, even state-ofthe- art MSFAs coding patterns produce artifacts and distortions in the reconstructed spectral images, which might be due to the nonoptimal distribution of the spectral filters. To reduce the appearance of artifacts and provide tools for the optimal design of MSFAs, this paper proposes a novel mathematical framework to design MSFAs using a Sphere Packing (SP) approach. By assuming that each sampled filter can be represented by a sphere within the discrete datacube, SP organizes the position of the equal-size and disjoint spheres's centers in a cubic container. Our method is denoted Multispectral Filter Array by Optimal Sphere Packing (MSFA-OSP), which seeks filter positions that maximize the minimum distance between the spheres's centers. Simulation results show an image quality improvement of up to 2 dB and a remarkable boost in spectral similarity when using our proposed MSFA design approach for a variety of reconstruction algorithms. Moreover, MSFA-OSP notably reduces the appearance of false colors and zipper effect artifacts, often seen when using state-of-the-art demosaicking algorithms. Experiments using synthetic and real data prove that the proposed MSFA-OSP outperforms state-of-the-art MSFAs in terms of spatial and spectral fidelity. The code that reproduces the figures of this article is available at https://github.com/nelson10/DemosaickingMultispectral3DSpherePacking.git.

Modulation of hepatic amyloid precursor protein and lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 by chronic alcohol intake: Potential link between liver steatosis and amyloid-ß.

Heavy alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for various forms of dementia and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this work, we investigated how intragastric alcohol feeding may alter the liver-to-brain axis to induce and/or promote AD pathology. Four weeks of intragastric alcohol feeding to mice, which causes significant fatty liver (steatosis) and liver injury, caused no changes in AD pathology markers in the brain [amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin], except for a decrease in microglial cell number in the cortex of the brain. Interestingly, the decline in microglial numbers correlated with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, suggesting a potential link between liver injury and microglial loss in the brain. Intragastric alcohol feeding significantly affected two hepatic proteins important in amyloid-beta (Aß) processing by the liver: 1) alcohol feeding downregulated lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1, ∼46%), the major receptor in the liver that removes Aß from blood and peripheral organs, and 2) alcohol significantly upregulated APP (∼2-fold), a potentially important source of Aß in the periphery and brain. The decrease in hepatic LRP1 and increase in hepatic APP likely switches the liver from being a remover or low producer of Aß to an important source of Aß in the periphery, which can impact the brain. The downregulation of LRP1 and upregulation of APP in the liver was observed in the first week of intragastric alcohol feeding, and also occurred in other alcohol feeding models (NIAAA binge alcohol model and intragastric alcohol feeding to rats). Modulation of hepatic LRP1 and APP does not seem alcohol-specific, as ob/ob mice with significant steatosis also had declines in LRP1 and increases in APP expression in the liver. These findings suggest that liver steatosis rather than alcohol-induced liver injury is likely responsible for regulation of hepatic LRP1 and APP. Both obesity and alcohol intake have been linked to AD and our data suggests that liver steatosis associated with these two conditions modulates hepatic LRP1 and APP to disrupt Aß processing by the liver to promote AD.

Total variation approach for adaptive nonuniformity correction in focal-plane arrays.

In this Letter we propose an adaptive scene-based nonuniformity correction method for fixed-pattern noise removal in imaging arrays. It is based on the minimization of the total variation of the estimated irradiance, and the resulting function is optimized by an isotropic total variation approach making use of an alternating minimization strategy. The proposed method provides enhanced results when applied to a diverse set of real IR imagery, accurately estimating the nonunifomity parameters of each detector in the focal-plane array at a fast convergence rate, while also forming fewer ghosting artifacts.

Evaluation of fluopyram for management of Meloidogyne ethiopica and migratory nematodes in commercial tomato greenhouses in the Metropolitan Region of Chile.

BACKGROUND: The nematicidal effects of fluopyram were evaluated for the suppression of Meloidogyne ethiopica and migratory nematodes, Xiphinema americanum s. l., Hemicycliophora spp. and Pratylenchus spp., in two commercial tomato greenhouses in Chile. The effects of fluopyram on plant-parasitic nematodes, plant vigor and fruit yield were determined. RESULTS: Fluopyram demonstrated good potential for the management of M. ethiopica and migratory nematodes, especially during the early stages of evaluation (30-60 days after planting). There were also improvements in vigor of treated plants. A general trend in improved fruit quality was also observed, however, no significant differences in total yield were found between treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Our study is one of the first evaluations of fluopyram under field conditions against M. ethiopica. The findings suggest that this new nematicide has good potential for the management of M. ethiopica and some migratory nematodes in tomatoes cropped in greenhouses in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Evidence of microplastic accumulation in agricultural soils from sewage sludge disposal.

Microplastics are emerging as a steadily increasing environmental threat. Wastewater treatment plants efficiently remove microplastics from sewage, trapping the particles in the sludge and preventing their entrance into aquatic environments. Treatment plants are essentially taking the microplastics out of the waste water and concentrating them in the sludge, however. It has become common practice to use this sludge on agricultural soils as a fertilizer. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the microplastic contamination of soils by this practice, assessing the implications of successive sludge applications by looking at the total count of microplastic particles in soil samples. Thirty-one agricultural fields with different sludge application records and similar edaphoclimatic conditions were evaluated. Field records of sludge application covered a ten year period. For all fields, historical disposal events used the same amount of sludge (40 ton ha-1 dry weight). Extraction of microplastics was done by flotation and particles were then counted and classified with the help of a microscope. Seven sludge samples were collected in the fields that underwent sludge applications during the study period. Soils where 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 applications of sludge had been performed had a median of 1.1, 1.6, 1.7, 2.3, and 3.5 particles g-1 dry soil, respectively. There were statistical differences in the microplastic contents related to the number of applications that a field had undergone (1, 2, 3 < 4, 5). Microplastic content in sludge ranged from 18 to 41 particles g-1, with a median of 34 particles g-1. The majority of the observed microplastics were fibers (90% in sludge, and 97% in soil). Our results indicate that microplastic counts increase over time where successive sludge applications are performed. Microplastics observed in soil samples stress the relevance of sludge as a driver of soil microplastic contamination.

Infecciones osteoarticulares en niños / Osteoarticular infections in children

Las infecciones osteorticulares (IOA) en el niño son una causa importante de morbilidad y secuelas. Su pesquisa oportuna y el tratamiento eficiente pueden lograr excelentes resultados. La mejoría en las condiciones de salud de la población, y el cambio de los agentes etiológicos han variado la forma de presentación y tratamiento. La existencia de gérmenes como Kingella kingae y Staphilococcus aureus multiresistente, contribuyen a la variabilidad de presentación de las infecciones osteoarticulares.El manejo de estas patologías requiere de un conocimiento del cuadro clínico, de los métodos de diagnóstico y las herramientas terapéuticas. Para obtener buenos resultados es requisito básico el enfrentamiento de estos pacientes en un equipo multidisciplinario de especialistas.En este manuscrito revisaremos los aspectos fundamentales de las infecciones osteoarticulares, según el enfoque que aplicamos en nuestros pacientes.

Osteoarticular infections are a substantial cause of morbidity and sequelae in children. Early diagnosis and efficient treatment can achieve excellent results. The improvement in the health conditions of the population and the change in the etiological agents have produced changes in their presentation and their required treatment. The existence of germs like Kingella kingae and Staphilococcus aureus multiresistant contribute to the variability of presentation of osteoarticular infections.The appropriate management of these pathologies requires knowledge of the clinical picture, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic tools. To obtain good results, it is a basic requirement that these patients be confronted by a multidisciplinary team of specialists.In this manuscript we will review the most fundamental aspects of osteoarticular infections according to the approach we apply to our patients

Experiencia clínica del manejo anestésico en craneotomía vigil / Clinical experience of anesthetic management of Awake Craniotomy

OBJECTIVES: Describe the demographic characteristics of patients undergoing awake craniotomy, which are the anesthetic techniques and most commonly used drugs, as well as to identify the type and frequency of anesthetic and surgical complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Perioperative awake craniotomy records were reviewed in the operating room. All cases of patients with gliomas in which the need for cortical mapping was determined between november 2015 and august 2018 were included. Of a total of 27 operated patients, data were collected for 18 surgeries. RESULTS: Two thirds of the patients were men and one third were women. The average age was 42 years. 39% of the patients presented overweight, being obese by 28%. The most used anesthetic technique was asleep-awake-asleep in 56% of the cases, the rest was under conscious sedation. In all cases, remifentanil and propofol were used, in addition to the scalp block. Intraoperative complications are described in two patients and new-onset neurological deficit in seven patients. There was no conversion to general anesthesia in any case. CONCLUSIONS: Awake craniotomy remains the gold standard for the surgical management of brain tumors in eloquent areas. It is a challenge that requires clear communication with the patient and between the team. We share the experience of our center, with favorable results for patients.

OBJETIVOS: Describir las características demográficas de los pacientes sometidos a craneotomía vigil, cuáles son las técnicas anestésicas y fármacos más utilizados, además de identificar el tipo y frecuencia de complicaciones anestésicas y quirúrgicas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se revisaron los registros perioperatorios de craneotomía vigil en pabellón. Fueron incluidos todos los casos de pacientes con gliomas en que se determinó la necesidad de mapeo cortical entre noviembre de 2015 y agosto de 2018. De un total de 27 pacientes operados se recolectaron datos para 18 cirugías. RESULTADOS: Dos tercios de los pacientes fueron hombres y un tercio mujeres. El promedio de edad fue de 42 años. Un 39% de los pacientes presentaron exceso de peso, siendo obesos en un 28%. La técnica anestésica más usada fue dormido-despierto-dormido en 56% de los casos, el resto fue bajo sedación consciente. En todos los casos se usó remifentanilo y propofol, además, del bloqueo pericráneo. Se describen complicaciones intraoperatorias en dos pacientes y déficit neurológico de nueva aparición en siete pacientes. No hubo conversión a anestesia general en ningún caso. CONCLUSIONES: La craneotomía vigil permanece como el estándar de oro del manejo quirúrgico de los tumores cerebrales en áreas elocuentes. Es un desafío que requiere de comunicación clara con el paciente y entre el equipo. Compartimos la experiencia de nuestro centro, con resultados favorables a los pacientes.

Characterization of Chromobacterium violaceum pigment through a hyperspectral imaging system.

In this paper, a comprehensive spatio-spectral and temporal analysis for Chromobacterium violaceum colonies is reported. A hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system is used to recover the spectral signatures of pigment production in a non-homogeneous media with high spectral resolution and high sensitivity in vivo, without destructing the sample. This non-contact sensing technique opens avenues to study the temporal growing of a specific section in the bacterial colony. Further, from a 580 [nm] and 764 [nm] spatio-spectral time series, a wild-type and mutant Chromobacterium violaceum strains are characterized. Such study provides quantitative information about kinetic parameters of pigment production and bacterial growing.

Biogeografía del tomate Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme (Solanaceae) en su centro de origen (sur de América) y de domesticación (México)

El tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) es una de las principales hortalizas en el mundo debido a las importantes ganancias económicas que genera su comercialización; sin embargo, a pesar de que la especie es ampliamente cultivada en el mundo, su diversidad genética se considera restringida. Esto hace que su resistencia a plagas y enfermedades en las variedades actualmente cultivadas sea baja. Existe la forma silvestre S. l. var ceraciforme que se distribuye desde Suramérica (centro de origen) hasta México (área de domesticación), específicamente en la vertiente del Golfo de México en Veracruz. Como objetivo, se quiso identificar patrones de diversificación ambiental con los que se pudiesen inferir procesos de adaptación de las poblaciones en el área de domesticación con respecto a su centro de origen. Asimismo, se planteó proponer medidas de conservación y rescate del tomate S. l. var. cerasiforme. Se realizaron modelos de nicho ecológico (MNE) con Maxent versión 3.4.1 (evaluados con AUC y ROC-parcial) para determinar la idoneidad de las condiciones ambientales, incluyendo proyecciones del centro de domesticación al área de origen y viceversa. Esto se realizó con base en ocho variables de temperatura y precipitación. Los registros de tomate fueron tomados de fuentes bibliográficas y trabajo de campo. Seguidamente, se realizó la prueba de comparación de nichos (equivalencia y similitud), propuesta por Broennimann et al. (2012), para evaluar la similitud de condiciones ambientales en ambas regiones. Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis de varianza seguido de una prueba de comparación de medias (Tukey, P ≤ 0.05) con las ocho variables ambientales utilizadas. Los valores de AUC (0.93 y 0.80) y ROC-parcial obtenidos (1.86 y 1.71; P = 0.0001) de los MNE muestran que fueron buenos modelos predictores. Se observó que en el centro de México existen condiciones ambientales similares a las del centro de origen, a diferencia de la vertiente del Golfo de México donde son diferentes. La prueba de equivalencia mostró que la comparación ambiental entre ambas regiones es menos equivalente que lo esperado por azar (P = 0.003). Mientras tanto, la otra prueba indica que la similitud que existe entre ambas regiones también se puede obtener por azar (P = 0.683). También, se encontraron diferencias significativas en tres variables de temperatura y precipitación. En conclusión, el centro de origen y de domesticación de S. l. var. cerasiforme tienen características ambientales en común a pesar de la distancia geográfica, pero existen zonas geográficas (vertiente del Golfo de México en Veracruz) en el área de domesticación con condiciones ambientales diferentes a las de su centro de origen y con un potencial importante como bancos de germoplasma.

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the main horticultural crops in the world because of the important economic benefits that its commercialization generates. Even though the species is widely cultivated in the world, it is susceptible to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses due to the loss of its genetic diversity. There is a wild form called S. l. var ceraciforme that is distributed from South America (its center of origin) to Mexico (its area of domestication), specifically on the slope of the Gulf of Mexico in Veracruz. Due to the large genetic diversity of these wild tomatoes, it is important to improve its crop. The objective of this investigation was to identify patterns of environmental diversification of the tomato, infer the processes of adaptation of the populations in the area of domestication with respect to their center of origin and propose measures of conservation and variation of S. l. var. cerasiforme. We generated two ecological niche models (MNE) with Maxent version 3.4.1 (evaluated with AUC and partial-ROC) to determine the suitability of environmental conditions including their respective projections from the domestication center to the area of origin and vice versa. We used eight variables of temperature and precipitation. Additionally, we included tomato records from bibliographical sources and fieldwork. We also used the niche comparison test (equivalency and similarity) proposed by Broennimann et al. (2012) to evaluate the similarity of environmental conditions in both regions. Subsequently, we carried out an analysis of variance followed by a mean comparison test (Tukey, P ≤ 0.05) with all environmental variables measured. The values of AUC (0.93 and 0.80) and partial-ROC (1.86 and 1.71, P = 0.0001) of the MNE showed that they were good predictive models. We observed that, in the center of Mexico, there are environmental conditions similar to those of the center of origin, unlike the slope of the Gulf of Mexico where they are different. The equivalency test showed that the environmental comparison between both regions is less similar than expected by chance (P = 0.003). The similarity test indicated that the existing similarity between both regions can also be obtained by chance (P = 0.683). We also found significant differences in three temperature and precipitation variables. In conclusion, we determined that the center of origin and domestication of S. l. var. cerasiforme has similar environmental characteristics despite the geographic distance; nevertheless, there are geographical zones (the Gulf of Mexico in Veracruz) in the area of domestication with different environmental conditions. Those places have the potential to contain valuable germplasms.