Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 34
Filtrar
Más filtros

País/Región como asunto
Intervalo de año de publicación
1.
BMC Infect Dis ; 18(1): 470, 2018 Sep 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30227852

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Trichosporon species may colonize the skin, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract of human beings. The yeast is recognized as etiological agent of white piedra, a superficial mycosis. Nevertheless, immunocompromised hosts may develop invasive Trichosporonosis. Central nervous system trichosporonosis is a very rare clinical manifestation. In fact, only a few cases have been published in the literature and none of them was caused by Trichosporon inkin. CASE PRESENTATION: Here we report the first clinical case of meningoencephalitis due to this species in a female previously healthy patient under corticosteroids and antibiotics therapy for several months. She was submitted to an invasive procedure to remove a left sided acoustic neuroma and further developed a cerebrospinal fistula. After some days of the procedure, she presented a predominantly and intensive occipital holocranial headache, followed by vomiting, hyporexia, weight loss, asthenia, irritability, difficulty to concentrate and rotator vertigo. The patient further developed a cerebrospinal fistula in the occipital region and was submitted to a surgical correction. After several months of clinical interventions, she was diagnosed with CNS Trichosporonosis, after Magnetic Resonance Imaging and positive microbiological cultures obtained within two different occasions (2 weeks apart). Despite the antifungal therapy with Amphotericin B and Voriconazole, the patient did not survive. CONCLUSIONS: Despite CNS Fungal infections are mostly due to Cryptococcus spp., other emergent yeasts, such as T. inkin may be considered as a likely etiological agent. This is the first case report of CNS Trichosporonosis, where species identification was performed with rDNA sequencing.


Asunto(s)
Meningitis Fúngica/tratamiento farmacológico , Trichosporon/efectos de los fármacos , Trichosporon/patogenicidad , Tricosporonosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Anfotericina B/uso terapéutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Brasil , ADN Ribosómico , Femenino , Humanos , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Meningitis Fúngica/diagnóstico , Meningitis Fúngica/microbiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Trichosporon/genética , Tricosporonosis/diagnóstico , Voriconazol/uso terapéutico
2.
BMC Complement Altern Med ; 15: 6, 2015 Feb 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25651849

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Candida albicans is a diploid yeast that in some circumstances may cause oral or oropharyngeal infections. Yeasts virulence factors contribute for both the maintenance of colonizing strains in addition to damage and cause tissue invasion, thus the establishment of infection occurs. The limited arsenal of antifungal drugs for the treatment of candidiasis turn the investigation of natural products mandatory for the discovery of new targets for antifungal drug development. Therefore, tropical countries emerge as important providers of natural products with potential antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to investigate morphogenesis and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes (phospholipase and proteinase) in the presence of the CE of Eugenia uniflora. METHODS: The isolates were tested for their ability to form hyphae in both solid and liquid media under three different conditions: YPD + 20% FBS, Spider medium and GlcNac and the ability to secrete phospholipase and proteinase in the presence of 2000 µg/mL of E. uniflora. RESULTS: The CE of E. uniflora inhibited hypha formation in both liquid and solid media tested. It also impaired hydrolytic enzymes production. CONCLUSIONS: This was the first study to describe the interaction of a natural product with the full expression of three different factors in C. albicans. E. uniflora may be an alternative therapeutic for oral candidiasis in the future.


Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Candidiasis Bucal/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Syzygium , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Candida albicans/enzimología , Candida albicans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Candidiasis Bucal/etiología , Candidiasis Bucal/microbiología , Mezclas Complejas , Humanos , Hidrólisis , Hifa/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/metabolismo , Riñón/cirugía , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Morfogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Péptido Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Fosfolipasas/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Receptores de Trasplantes , Factores de Virulencia/metabolismo
3.
BMC Oral Health ; 14: 20, 2014 Mar 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24628850

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Candida albicans is a diploid yeast that in some circumstances may cause oral or oropharyngeal infections. This investigation aimed to study the prevalence of Candida spp. and to analyze the ABC genotypes of 76 clinical isolates of C. albicans obtained from the oral cavity of kidney transplant patients from two distinct geographic regions of Brazil. METHODS: We typed 48 strains with ABC genotyping and Microsatelitte using primer M13 and tested three virulence factors in vitro: phospholipase activity, morphogenesis and the ability to evade from polymorphonuclear neutrophils phagocytosis. RESULTS: C. albicans was the most prevalent species (86.4%), followed by C. tropicalis (4.5%). C. albicans genotype A was the most prevalent (58 isolates; 76.4%), followed by genotype C (15 isolates; 19.7%) and genotype B (3 isolates; 3.9%). When Microsatellite technique with primer M13 was applied, 80% of the isolates from the South were placed within the same cluster. The majority of Genotype C strains were grouped together within two different clusters. Genotype C was considered more resistant to PMNs attack than genotypes A and B. Strains isolated from the South of Brazil showed also better ability to combat PMNs phagocytosis. CONCLUSIONS: We found a high rate of C. albicans genotype C strains isolated from the oral cavity of this group of patients. This study characterized oral C. albicans strains isolated from kidney transplant recipients and will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of oral candidiasis.


Asunto(s)
Candida albicans/clasificación , Trasplante de Riñón , Boca/microbiología , Factores de Virulencia/clasificación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil , Candida albicans/genética , Candida albicans/patogenicidad , Candida albicans/fisiología , Candida tropicalis/clasificación , Candidiasis Bucal/microbiología , Niño , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Hifa/crecimiento & desarrollo , Evasión Inmune/inmunología , Masculino , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Morfogénesis/fisiología , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Fagocitosis/fisiología , Fosfolipasas/análisis , Características de la Residencia , Virulencia , Factores de Virulencia/análisis , Adulto Joven
4.
NPJ Vaccines ; 9(1): 7, 2024 Jan 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38182593

RESUMEN

With the continued emergence of variants of concern, the global threat of COVID-19 persists, particularly in low- and middle-income countries with limited vaccine access. Protein-based vaccines, such as SCB-2019, can be produced on a large scale at a low cost while antigen design and adjuvant use can modulate efficacy and safety. While effective humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants has been shown to depend on both neutralization and Fc-mediated immunity, data on the effectiveness of protein-based vaccines with enhanced Fc-mediated immunity is limited. Here, we assess the humoral profile, including antibody isotypes, subclasses, and Fc receptor binding generated by a boosting with a recombinant trimer-tag protein vaccine SCB-2019. Individuals who were primed with 2 doses of the ChAdOx1 vaccine were equally divided into 4 groups and boosted with following formulations: Group 1: 9 µg SCB-2019 and Alhydrogel; Group 2: 9 µg SCB-2019, CpG 1018, and Alhydrogel; Group 3: 30 µg SCB-2019, CpG 1018, and Alhydrogel; Group 4: ChAdOx1. Group 3 showed enhanced antibody FcγR binding against wild-type and variants compared to Groups 1 and 2, showing a dose-dependent enhancement of immunity conferred by the SCB-2019 vaccine. Moreover, from day 15 after vaccination, Group 3 exhibited higher IgG3 and FcγR binding across variants of concerns, including Omicron and its subvariants, compared to the ChAdOx1-boosted individuals. Overall, this highlights the potential of SCB-2019 as a cost-efficient boosting regimen effective across variants of concerns.

5.
Einstein (Sao Paulo) ; 22: eAO0652, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39140573

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate deaths, hospitalizations, and persistence of symptoms in patients with COVID-19 after infection in an outpatient setting during the first COVID-19 wave in Brazil. METHODS: This prospective cohort was between April 2020 and February 2021. Hospitalized or non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients until five days after symptom onset were included. The outcomes measured were incidence of death, hospitalization, and persistence of more than two symptoms 60 days after discharge. RESULTS: Out of 1,198 patients enrolled in the study, 66.7% were hospitalized. A total of 289 patients died (1 [0.3%] non-hospitalized and 288 [36%] hospitalized). At 60 days, patients non-hospitalized during admission had more persistent symptoms (16.2%) compared to hospitalized (37.1%). The COVID-19 severity variables associated with the persistence of two or more symptoms were increased age (OR= 1.03; p=0.015), respiratory rate at hospital admission (OR= 1.11; p=0.005), length of hospital stay of more than 60 days (OR= 12.24; p=0.026), and need for intensive care unit admission (OR= 2.04; p=0.038). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 survivors who were older, tachypneic at admission, had a hospital length of stay >60 days, and were admitted to the intensive care unit had more persistent symptoms than patients who did not require hospitalization in the early COVID-19 waves.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04479488.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Hospitalización , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Atención Ambulatoria/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , COVID-19/mortalidad , COVID-19/epidemiología , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos , Pacientes Ambulatorios/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Prospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad
6.
Mycopathologia ; 175(3-4): 255-63, 2013 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23539354

RESUMEN

Although yeasts belonging to the genus Candida are frequently seen as commensals in the oral cavity, they possess virulence attributes that contribute for pathogenicity. The aims of the present study were to study the prevalence of Candida spp. isolated from the oral cavity of renal transplant recipients and to analyze strains virulence factors. We isolated a total of 70 Candida strains from 111 transplant recipients, and Candida albicans was the most prevalent species (82.86 %). Oral candidiasis was diagnosed in 14.4 % kidney transplant patients, while 11 isolates (15.7 %) corresponded to non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species. C. albicans adhered to a higher extension than NCAC strains. Some isolates of Candida tropicalis were markedly adherent to human buccal epithelial cells and highly biofilm-forming strains. Regarding proteinase activity, Candida orthopsilosis was more proteolytic than Candida metapsilosis. Candida glabrata and Candida dubliniensis showed very low ability to form biofilm on polystyrene microtiter plates. We have demonstrated here diverse peculiarities of different Candida species regarding the ability to express virulence factors. This study will contribute for the understanding of the natural history and pathogenesis of yeasts belonging to the genus Candida in the oral cavity of patients who were submitted to kidney transplant and are under immunosuppressive therapies.


Asunto(s)
Candida/clasificación , Candida/fisiología , Portador Sano/microbiología , Trasplante de Riñón , Boca/microbiología , Trasplante , Factores de Virulencia/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brasil , Candida/genética , Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Adhesión Celular , Niño , Células Epiteliales/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Péptido Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Prevalencia , Adulto Joven
7.
Hum Vaccin Immunother ; 19(2): 2233400, 2023 08 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37438960

RESUMEN

In this phase 4 study we assessed boosting with fractional doses of heterologous COVID-19 vaccines in Brazilian adults primed with two doses of CoronaVac (Sinovac/Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil) at least 4 months previously. Participants received either full-dose of ChAdOx1-S (Group 1, n = 232), a half dose of ChAdOx1-S (Group 2, n = 236), or a half dose of BNT162b2 (Group 3, n = 234). The primary objective was to show 80% seroresponse rates (SRR) 28 d after vaccination measured as IgG antibodies against a prototype SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein. Safety was assessed as solicited and unsolicited adverse events. At baseline all participants were seropositive, with high IgG titers overall. SRR at Day 28 were 34.3%, 27.1% and 71.2%, respectively, not meeting the primary objective of 80%, despite robust immune responses in all three groups with geometric mean-fold rise (GMFR) in IgG titers of 3.39, 2.99 and 7.42, respectively. IgG immune responses with similar GMFR were also observed against SARS-CoV-2 variants, Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma and D614G. In subsets (n = 35) of participants GMFR of neutralizing immune responses against live prototype SARS-CoV-2 virus and Omicron BA.2 were similar to the IgG responses as were pseudo-neutralizing responses against SARS-CoV-2 prototype and Omicron BA.4/5 variants. All vaccinations were well tolerated with no vaccine-related serious adverse events and mainly transient mild-to-moderate local and systemic reactogenicity. Heterologous boosting with full or half doses of ChAdOx1-S or a half dose of BNT162b2 was safe and immunogenic in CoronaVac-primed adults, but seroresponse rates were limited by high baseline immunity.


Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Adulto , Humanos , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/efectos adversos , Vacuna BNT162 , Método Simple Ciego , Brasil , COVID-19/prevención & control , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacunación , ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 , Inmunoglobulina G
8.
Open Forum Infect Dis ; 9(8): ofac418, 2022 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36043184

RESUMEN

Background: Ongoing outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are driven by waning immunity following primary immunizations and emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that escape vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies. It has been suggested that heterologous boosters could enhance and potentially maintain population immunity. Methods: We assessed the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of booster doses of different formulations of aluminium hydroxide-adjuvanted SCB-2019 vaccine (9 µg of SCB-2019, with or without CpG-1018 adjuvant, or 30 µg of SCB-2019 with CpG-1018) in Brazilian adults primed with ChAdOx1-S vector vaccine. S-protein antibodies and ACE2-binding inhibition were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on days 1, 15, and 29. Participants self-reported solicited adverse events and reactions. Results: All SCB-2019 formulations increased S-protein ELISA antibodies and ACE2 binding inhibition to a greater extent than ChAdOx1-S. After 30 µg of SCB-2019 + CpG + aluminium hydroxide, titers against wild-type S-protein were significantly higher than after ChAdOx1-S on days 15 and 29, as were titers of neutralizing antibodies against the wild-type strain and Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants. Boosting with SCB-2019 or ChAdOx1-S was well tolerated, with no vaccine-related serious or severe adverse events. Conclusions: Boosting ChAdOx1-S-primed adults with SCB-2019 induced higher levels of antibodies against a wild-type strain and SARS-CoV-2 variants than a homologous ChAdOx1-S booster, with the highest responses being with the 30-µg SCB-2019 + CpG + aluminium hydroxide formulation. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT05087368.

9.
Braz J Microbiol ; 42(4): 1296-9, 2011 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24031755

RESUMEN

In the present study, we determined the frequency of superficial and cutaneous mycoses and their etiologic agents during a 7-year period (2002-2008) in Natal, Brazil. A total of 1,717 specimens of skin, nail, and hair were collected from 1,382 patients with suspected mycoses lesions and were then subjected to direct microscopy and culture.

10.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 15(8): e0009693, 2021 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34460830

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Sporotrichosis is a worldwide subcutaneous mycosis caused by Sporothrix spp. In the past, this infection was associated with armadillo hunting, horticulturists, miners, and gardeners, being considered an implantation mycosis acquired by plant debris injury. Nevertheless, since the late nineties, it has been considered a zoonotic disease in Brazil. Here we report a case series of 121 patients with cat-transmitted sporotrichosis seen in Northeast Brazil. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Patient's demographic, clinical data, and length of treatment were recorded. In addition, a mycological examination and further PCR confirmation of species identification were performed. One hundred and twenty two patients were diagnosed with subcutaneous sporotrichosis from October 2016 to December 2019, while PCR revealed that 71 of them were due to S. brasiliensis. The majority of the individuals were female (n = 86; 70.5%). Patient's age ranged from 5 to 87 years old. The clinical forms found were lymphocutaneous (58.2%) and fixed cutaneous (39.4%). Interestingly, 115 patients reported previous contact with cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis. Patients were successfully treated with itraconazole and potassium iodide. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study adds important contributions for the investigation of the spread of cat-transmitted subcutaneous sporotrichosis in Brazil, specifically towards the Northeast region of a continental-size country. It will also help clinicians to be aware of the existence and importance to accurately diagnose sporotrichosis and treat patients with this infectious disease in the lowest income region of Brazil.


Asunto(s)
Sporothrix/fisiología , Esporotricosis/transmisión , Zoonosis/transmisión , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Brasil , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , Gatos , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Itraconazol/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sporothrix/efectos de los fármacos , Sporothrix/genética , Sporothrix/aislamiento & purificación , Esporotricosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Esporotricosis/microbiología , Adulto Joven , Zoonosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Zoonosis/microbiología
11.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol ; 11: 642658, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34277464

RESUMEN

Cryptococcosis is an infectious disease of worldwide distribution, caused by encapsulated yeasts belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota. The genus Cryptococcus includes several species distributed around the world. The C. gattii/neoformans species complex is largely responsible for most cases of cryptococcosis. However, clinical series have been published of infections caused by Papiliotrema (Cryptococcus) laurentii and Naganishia albida (Cryptococcus albidus), among other related genera. Here, we examined the pathogenic potential and antifungal susceptibility of C. gattii/neoformans species complex (clades I and II) and related genera (Papiliotrema and Naganishia) isolated from environmental and clinical samples. P. laurentii (clade III), N. liquefasciens/N. albidosimilis (clade IV); and N. adeliensis/N. albida (clade V) strains produced higher levels of phospholipase and hemolysins, whereas the C. gattii/neoformans species complex strains (clades I and II) had markedly thicker capsules, produced more biofilm biomass and melanin, which are known virulence attributes. Interestingly, 40% of C. neoformans strains (clade II) had MICs above the ECV established for this species to amphotericin B. Several non-C. gattii/neoformans species complex (clades III to V) had MICs equal to or above the ECVs established for C. deuterogattii and C. neoformans for all the three antifungal drugs tested. Finally, all the non-C. gattii/neoformans clinical isolates (clades III to V) produced more melanin than the environmental isolates might reflect their particularly enhanced need for melanin during in vivo protection. It is very clear that C. gattii/neoformans species complex (clades I and II) strains, in general, show more similar virulence phenotypes between each other when compared to non-C. gattii/neoformans species complex (clades III to V) isolates. These observations together with the fact that P. laurentii and Naganishia spp. (clades III to V) strains were collected from the outside of a University Hospital, identify features of these yeasts important for environmental and patient colonization and furthermore, define mechanisms for infections with these uncommon pathogens.


Asunto(s)
Basidiomycota , Cryptococcus gattii , Cryptococcus neoformans , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Humanos , Virulencia , Factores de Virulencia
12.
Nat Commun ; 12(1): 5861, 2021 10 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34615860

RESUMEN

Several COVID-19 vaccines have shown good efficacy in clinical trials, but there remains uncertainty about the efficacy of vaccines against different variants. Here, we investigate the efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) against symptomatic COVID-19 in a post-hoc exploratory analysis of a Phase 3 randomised trial in Brazil (trial registration ISRCTN89951424). Nose and throat swabs were tested by PCR in symptomatic participants. Sequencing and genotyping of swabs were performed to determine the lineages of SARS-CoV-2 circulating during the study. Protection against any symptomatic COVID-19 caused by the Zeta (P.2) variant was assessed in 153 cases with vaccine efficacy (VE) of 69% (95% CI 55, 78). 49 cases of B.1.1.28 occurred and VE was 73% (46, 86). The Gamma (P.1) variant arose later in the trial and fewer cases (N = 18) were available for analysis. VE was 64% (-2, 87). ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 provided 95% protection (95% CI 61%, 99%) against hospitalisation due to COVID-19. In summary, we report that ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 protects against emerging variants in Brazil despite the presence of the spike protein mutation E484K.


Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra la COVID-19/inmunología , COVID-19/inmunología , COVID-19/virología , Filogenia , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil , ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 , Estudios de Cohortes , Relación Dosis-Respuesta Inmunológica , Femenino , Hospitalización , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vacunación , Carga Viral/inmunología , Adulto Joven
13.
Braz J Microbiol ; 41(2): 316-20, 2010 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24031498

RESUMEN

Many methods have been described for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), but the heterogeneous expression of methicillin resistance affects the reliability of these methods. The aim of the present study was to evaluate some methods for detecting methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates in a university hospital located in the Northeast of Brazil. Among the isolates, 15 were methicillin-susceptible and 45 were methicillin-resistant, including low-level heterogeneous resistance strains. Both the 30 ηg-cefoxitin disk and PBP2a test had 100% sensibility/specificity and appear to be good options for the detection of MRSA in the clinical laboratory.

14.
Braz J Microbiol ; 40(1): 180-3, 2009 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24031340

RESUMEN

Aspergillus is a ubiquitous fungus which can cause a variety of clinical syndromes. This fungus has emerged as agent of systemic infections and has therefore gained considerable public health importance. This paper describes two cases of invasive aspergillosis caused by A. fumigatus in immuno-suppressed patients and underscores the importance of early identification of Aspergillus infection associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and cardiac postoperative complications.

15.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 13(8): e0007692, 2019 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31449526

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Histoplasmosis is a neglected disease that affects mainly immunocompromised patients, presenting a progressive dissemination pattern and a high mortality rate, mainly due to delayed diagnosis, caused by slow fungal growth in culture. Therefore, a fast, suitable and cost-effective assay is required for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in resource-limited laboratories. This study aimed to develop and evaluate two new molecular approaches for a more cost-effective diagnosis of histoplasmosis. METHODOLOGY: Seeking a fast, suitable, sensitive, specific and low-cost molecular detection technique, we developed a new Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay and nested PCR, both targeting the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) multicopy region of Histoplasma capsulatum. The sensitivity was evaluated using 26 bone marrow and 1 whole blood specimens from patients suspected to have histoplasmosis and 5 whole blood samples from healthy subjects. All specimens were evaluated in culture, as a reference standard test, and Hcp100 nPCR, as a molecular reference test. A heparin-containing whole blood sample from a heathy subject was spiked with H. capsulatum cells and directly assayed with no previous DNA extraction. RESULTS: Both assays were able to detect down to 1 fg/µL of H. capsulatum DNA, and ITS LAMP results could also be revealed to the naked-eye by adding SYBR green to the reaction tube. In addition, both assays were able to detect all clades of Histoplasma capsulatum cryptic species complex. No cross-reaction with other fungal pathogens was presented. In comparison with Hcp100 nPCR, both assays reached 83% sensitivity and 92% specificity. Furthermore, ITS LAMP assay showed no need for DNA extraction, since it could be directly applied to crude whole blood specimens, with a limit of detection of 10 yeasts/µL. CONCLUSION: ITS LAMP and nPCR assays have the potential to be used in conjunction with culture for early diagnosis of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis, allowing earlier, appropriate treatment of the patient. The possibility of applying ITS LAMP, as a direct assay, with no DNA extraction and purification steps, makes it suitable for resource-limited laboratories. However, more studies are necessary to validate ITS LAMP and nPCR as direct assay in other types of clinical specimens.


Asunto(s)
ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Histoplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Histoplasmosis/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Sangre/microbiología , Médula Ósea/microbiología , Histoplasma/genética , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad
16.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 56: e18456, 2020. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249172

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of crude extracts from Eugenia uniflora, Libidibia ferrea and Psidium guajava. The extracts were obtained by turbo-extraction using water (AQ) or acetone-water (AC-W) (7:3, v/v) as solvents and lyophilized to obtain the crude extracts (CE). The CE were characterized by UV-Vis, TLC and HPLC. The activity of CEs was investigated against clinical isolates of Candida spp. and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), MIC50 and MIC90 were determinated. The analysis by TLC showed that all CEs presented polyphenols (flavonoids and tannins). The CEs from E. uniflora showed higher amount of polyphenols (30.35 ± 2.15%, AC-W) and the HPLC analysis revealed the tannins in all extracts. The CEs of E. uniflora showed MIC range from 1.9 to 500.0 µg/mL, and lower values of MIC50 and MIC90 against non-albicans Candida isolates. Regarding L. ferrea and P. guajava, the results showing MIC from 3.9 to 1000.0 µg/mL (CE-AQ) against C. albicans. The results demonstrate antifungal performance from CE against various species of Candida spp., suggesting that the herbal species may be use as new potential antifungal agents. Additionally, the polyphenol content can play a pivotal role in the antifungal properties of CE.


Asunto(s)
Técnicas In Vitro/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/efectos adversos , Polifenoles/análisis , Fitoquímicos , Antifúngicos/administración & dosificación , Flavonoides/farmacocinética , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos
17.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis ; 43(1): 85-6, 2002 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12052633

RESUMEN

We developed a new screening test for C. dubliniensis based on its inability to grow on Sabouraud dextrose broth with 6.5% NaCl. A total of 266 clinical yeast isolates and 3 reference strains were tested, including 250 C. albicans and 19 C. dubliniensis strains. All C. albicans isolates tested exhibited significant growth on hypertonic Sabouraud broth up to 96 h, while, all C. dubliniensis isolates did not exhibit any visually detectable growth during the same period.


Asunto(s)
Candida/clasificación , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Candidiasis/diagnóstico , Candidiasis/microbiología , Medios de Cultivo/química , Medios de Cultivo/farmacología , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica/métodos , Candida/crecimiento & desarrollo , Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Candida albicans/clasificación , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Candida albicans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Candida albicans/aislamiento & purificación , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Glucosa , Humanos , Soluciones Hipertónicas , Concentración Osmolar , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Cloruro de Sodio , Especificidad de la Especie , Factores de Tiempo
18.
J Med Microbiol ; 63(Pt 11): 1436-1445, 2014 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25187602

RESUMEN

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common causes of vaginitis and affects about 75% of women of reproductive age. In order to better understand the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this disease, we evaluated genetic relatedness among 62 clinical isolates of Candida albicans sequentially obtained from the anus and vagina of patients with sporadic and recurrent VVC. Evaluation of patients' demographic and clinical data, direct examination, and colony forming units (c.f.u.) counts of vaginal and anal samples were also performed. The genotypes of strains were determined with ABC genotyping and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Genotype A was the most prevalent (93.6%), followed by genotype C (6.4%), whereas genotype B was not found. We found the maintenance of the same ABC genotype, regardless of the body site of each patient. Most of the vaginal strains suffered microevolution, whereas most of the anal strains were replaced during the period of study. Vaginal and anal isolates of C. albicans obtained simultaneously from the same patient showed the same ABC genotype and high genetic similarity as determined by RAPD. Genotype A seemed to be dominant in both vaginal and anal isolates of patients with VVC. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that there are 'substrains' of the C. albicans vaginal clone successfully established, which dominate in an apparently random manner over the course of time. It is suggested that the anal reservoir constitutes a possible source for vaginal infection in most of the cases.


Asunto(s)
Canal Anal/microbiología , Candida albicans/genética , Candidiasis Vulvovaginal/microbiología , Vagina/microbiología , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Candida albicans/aislamiento & purificación , Candidiasis Vulvovaginal/epidemiología , Femenino , Variación Genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Prevalencia
19.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 50(4): 309-314, 20181210. ilus, tab
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: biblio-995955

RESUMEN

Micetoma é uma infecção que acomete o tecido subcutâneo após a inoculação de microrganismos na pele em locais de pequenos traumas. Caracteriza-se pela ocorrência de tumoração, associada à formação de fistulas e à drenagem de grãos. Trata-se de um grupo de infecções subcutâneas de difícil tratamento com epidemiologia bem definida, acometendo preferencialmente trabalhadores rurais do gênero masculino. Os agentes causadores podem ser fungos ou bactérias. Este artigo propõe-se à revisão dos dados recentes da epidemiologia e tratamento dessas infecções.


Asunto(s)
Terapéutica , Actinomicosis , Diagnóstico , Micetoma , Fístula
20.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop ; 44(2): 257-9, 2011.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21552748

RESUMEN

Rhinocerebral zygomycosis is the most frequent form of fungal infection caused by members of the Zygomycetes class. A fatal case of rhinocerebral zygomycosis caused by Rhizopus (oryzae) arrhizus with histopathological and mycological diagnosis is reported in a diabetic patient.


Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías/microbiología , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/microbiología , Enfermedades Nasales/microbiología , Rhizopus/aislamiento & purificación , Cigomicosis/patología , Adulto , Encefalopatías/patología , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/patología , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades Nasales/patología
SELECCIÓN DE REFERENCIAS
DETALLE DE LA BÚSQUEDA