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1.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 177(5): 673-677, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39352673

RESUMEN

The structure of left ventricular cardiomyocytes of 1 day preterm newborn rats was studied using transmission electron microscopy. It was shown that the relative area of the nucleus in cardiomyocytes of preterm rats is lower, and the relative area of the cytoplasm is higher than in full-term rats, while the relative areas of myofibrils and mitochondria do not differ. In cardiomyocytes of preterm rats damaged mitochondria, subsegmental myofibrillar contracture, and cytoplasmic swelling were found on the first postnatal day. Preterm birth in rats, in contrast to birth at term, is accompanied by the development of a number of ultrastructural damages in cardiomyocytes.


Asunto(s)
Animales Recién Nacidos , Ventrículos Cardíacos , Miocitos Cardíacos , Miofibrillas , Animales , Miocitos Cardíacos/ultraestructura , Miocitos Cardíacos/patología , Ratas , Ventrículos Cardíacos/ultraestructura , Ventrículos Cardíacos/patología , Miofibrillas/ultraestructura , Miofibrillas/patología , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Femenino , Núcleo Celular/ultraestructura , Mitocondrias/ultraestructura , Mitocondrias/patología , Ratas Wistar , Nacimiento Prematuro/patología
2.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 174(3): 391-394, 2023 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36723749

RESUMEN

Immunohistochemical study (CD31 detection) and morphometric analysis (evaluation of specific volumes of cardiomyocytes and blood capillaries, diameter of blood capillaries, trophic index, and pericapillary diffusion zone) of the left ventricular myocardium in preterm (12 h and 24 h preterm) Wistar rats was carried out on postnatal days 56 and 180. A decrease in the trophic index and an increase in the zone of pericapillary diffusion in the myocardium of the left ventricle in preterm rats were shown, which indicates deterioration of the heart supply during the postnatal ontogeny.


Asunto(s)
Ventrículos Cardíacos , Miocardio , Ratas , Animales , Ratas Wistar , Vasos Coronarios , Miocitos Cardíacos
3.
Dokl Biochem Biophys ; 507(1): 278-282, 2022 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36786986

RESUMEN

Metabolic reprogramming has become the new hallmark of cancer. Carbohydrate metabolism is a key component of metabolic transformations in tumors. To date, many therapeutic agents have been identified that target proteins and enzymes involved in glucose transport and metabolism, with promising results in cell culture studies and animal tumor models. In our studies, we found that the most promising among them is the glycolysis inhibitor iodoacetate. The study of this agent showed that iodoacetate in liposomal form has the best performance. With a course introduction, its antimetastatic and antitumor activity reached significant indices of growth inhibition. At the same time, liposomes with iodoacetate had an almost completely safe toxicological profile compared to the independent form and, as a result, have great potential in polychemotherapy.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias , Animales , Liposomas/farmacología , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Yodoacetatos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Línea Celular Tumoral
4.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 171(3): 357-361, 2021 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34297287

RESUMEN

We studied the effect of technogenic radiation on the degree of promoter methylation in genes involved in apoptosis in blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to long-term γ-radiation during their professional activities. Blood samples for the analysis were obtained from 11 conventionally healthy men aged from 54 to 71 years (mean 66 years), workers of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises working experience from 27 to 40 years (mean 30 years); the external exposure dose was 175.88 mSv (158.20-207.81 mSv). In all examined subjects, the degree of methylation of the promoters of apoptosis-related genes ranged from 0.22 to 50.00%. A correlation was found between the degree of methylation of BCLAF1 promoters (p=0.035) with the age of workers, BAX promoters (p=0.0289) with high content of aberrant cells, and APAF1 promoters (p=0.0152) with increased number of dicentric chromosomes. A relationship was found between the dose of external irradiation and the degree of methylation of gene promoters of BAD (p=0.0388), BID (р=0.0426), and HRK (р=0.0101) genes.


Asunto(s)
Aberraciones Cromosómicas/efectos de la radiación , Metilación de ADN , Epigénesis Genética , Linfocitos/efectos de la radiación , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Exposición a la Radiación/efectos adversos , Anciano , Apoptosis/genética , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/genética , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/metabolismo , Factor Apoptótico 1 Activador de Proteasas/genética , Factor Apoptótico 1 Activador de Proteasas/metabolismo , Proteína Proapoptótica que Interacciona Mediante Dominios BH3/genética , Proteína Proapoptótica que Interacciona Mediante Dominios BH3/metabolismo , Aberraciones Cromosómicas/clasificación , Rayos gamma/efectos adversos , Humanos , Linfocitos/metabolismo , Linfocitos/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiometría , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Siberia , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/genética , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/genética , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/metabolismo , Proteína Letal Asociada a bcl/genética , Proteína Letal Asociada a bcl/metabolismo
5.
Bull Exp Biol Med ; 168(6): 785-788, 2020 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32328944

RESUMEN

Nanosized magnetite particles (magnetic nanospheres) are a prospective basis for creation of new diagnostic and therapeutic agents. The structure of blood leukocytes and the leukocytic formula are studied in adult rats over a period of 120 days after a single intravenous injection of chitosan-modified nanosized magnetite particles. No effects of chitosan-modified magnetic nanospheres on the structure of rat blood leukocytes are detected. Injection of suspension of chitosan-modified magnetite nanospheres is associated with an increase in the levels of monocytes, segmented and stab neutrophils, and a decrease in lymphocyte counts in the blood of rats. The shifts in the leukogram parameters are transitory, the picture returned to normal by day 40 postinjection.


Asunto(s)
Quitosano/química , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/química , Monocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Nanosferas/química , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Animales no Consanguíneos , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Recuento de Leucocitos , Linfocitos/citología , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Monocitos/citología , Nanosferas/administración & dosificación , Neutrófilos/citología , Tamaño de la Partícula , Ratas
6.
Kardiologiia ; 60(10): 73-79, 2020 Nov 12.
Artículo en Ruso | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33228509

RESUMEN

Aim To study the association between concentrations of endothelial dysfunction (ED) markers and arterial hypertension (AH) in people who were exposed to long-term action of "low-dose" ionizing radiation.Material and methods The study subjects were men of middle age (45-55 years) who were workers of the Siberian Integrated Chemical Plant with the length of service on the shop floor of at least 5 years. The subjects were divided into the main group (n=96) consisting of workers with grade 1-2 AH and the control group (n=48) consisting of arbitrarily healthy workers. Both groups contained workers who had been exposed to long-term occupational low-intensity irradiation (γ-radiation) and those not exposed to this irradiation. The study evaluated risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, presence of concomitant diseases, blood biochemistry (concentrations of glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, creatinine, and ED markers, including endothelin, angiotensin II, von Willebrand factor, C-type natriuretic peptide, tissue plasminogen activator, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and homocysteine, major clinical data, total dose of external irradiation, and the content of 239Pu in the body.Results AH was associated primarily with excessive body weight and severity of atherogenic dyslipidemia and homocysteinemia. Higher plasma concentrations of TNF-α and a tendency to increasing hsCRP in the AH group, as distinct from the control group of arbitrarily healthy men, indicated a proinflammatory shift. The ED markers were related with clinical data of AH patients and associated with the lipid profile and increased blood concentrations of inflammatory mediators. The radiation exposure did not change the ED marker array in AH patients, which did not allow recommendation of the studied plasma indexes for detection of vascular endothelial injury in workers with AH of the Siberian Integrated Chemical Plant.Conclusion The study results evidenced the absence of adverse effects of long-term occupational exposure to low-intensity radiation on the vascular endothelium as evaluated by ED markers. In men aged 45-55 years, AH was associated primarily with excessive body weight, homocysteinemia, and atherogenic dyslipidemia.


Asunto(s)
Endotelio Vascular , Hipertensión , Exposición Profesional , Plutonio , Traumatismos por Radiación , Biomarcadores , Endotelio Vascular/fisiopatología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Activador de Tejido Plasminógeno
7.
Usp Fiziol Nauk ; 48(1): 66-79, 2017.
Artículo en Ruso | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29283518

RESUMEN

Major salivary glands play a role not only in digestion, but also in regulation of other functions in rodents. In this review, we analyzed and summarized the data about the rodents' parotid, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands functions, which is not limited to the production of saliva and action of its hydrolytic enzymes on food in the oral cavity. In recent decades significantly expanded understanding of major salivary glands nondigestive functions. They are involved in excretion of metabolic products, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. Special attention has been paid to the characteristics of specific (parotin, sialorphin, etc.) and nonspecific (epidermal growth factor, nerve growth factor, kallikrein, etc.) active substances of the major salivary glands and their involvement in wound healing, mineral metabolism, regulation of hematopoiesis and immunity system. Summarized and analyzed major salivary glands endocrine function in the organs and systems. Available literature data suggest: the structure of the major salivary glands, as well as the synthesis and secretion of a number of biologically active substances are controlled by sex hormones. In turn, these biologically active factors of the salivary glands, as epidermal growth factor, and parotin, sialorphin, whose expression is regulated by androgens, have an impact on the morphological and functional state of the gonads. Thus, major salivary glands operate a wide range of functions and involved in the regulation of sexual behavior of reproductive function and maintaining homeostasis in the body.


Asunto(s)
Glándula Parótida/fisiología , Roedores/fisiología , Proteínas y Péptidos Salivales/metabolismo , Glándula Sublingual/fisiología , Glándula Submandibular/fisiología , Animales , Factor de Crecimiento Epidérmico/genética , Factor de Crecimiento Epidérmico/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales/genética , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales/metabolismo , Hematopoyesis/fisiología , Inmunidad Innata/efectos de los fármacos , Calicreínas/genética , Calicreínas/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/genética , Factor de Crecimiento Nervioso/metabolismo , Saliva/química , Saliva/fisiología , Proteínas y Péptidos Salivales/genética , Proteínas y Péptidos Salivales/farmacología , Equilibrio Hidroelectrolítico/fisiología , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Cicatrización de Heridas/fisiología
8.
Arkh Patol ; 79(5): 25-33, 2017.
Artículo en Ruso | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29027526

RESUMEN

AIM: to investigate the cellular composition of a functionally intact xenopericardial valve in a recipient with acquired mitral defect after long-term implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A Uniline bioconduit (BC) ('Neocor', Kemerovo) removed from the heart in the mitral position at 7.2 years after implantation was investigated. Heart valve leaflets were fixed in a buffered 4% paraformaldehyde solution and imbedded in paraffin or epoxy resin. Slices made from the paraffin samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or underwent immunohistochemical (IHC) examination for typing endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and T and B lymphocytes. The epoxy resin-embedded samples were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy according to the original procedure. For this, the samples were ground and polished, then stained with toluidine blue and basic fuchsin or contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. RESULTS: Different cell types were found in the outer layers of heart valve leaflets. IHC showed that endothelial cells, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts were present in the samples. A relationship was found between the degree of degenerative changes in the BC surface and the magnitude of cellular infiltration in xenotissue. This paper debates whether impaired integrity of the surface leaflet layers plays a trigger role in structural dysfunctions of the implanted valves and whether BC endothelialization has a protective effect, which can considerably reduce the immunogenicity of xenotussie and prevent the penetration of recipient cells. CONCLUSION: The paper shows that it is expedient to modify the surface of the heart valve leaflets in order to create favorable conditions for the attachment and function of endothelial progenitor cells.


Asunto(s)
Bioprótesis , Células Progenitoras Endoteliales/química , Fibroblastos/química , Enfermedades de las Válvulas Cardíacas/cirugía , Válvulas Cardíacas/química , Células Progenitoras Endoteliales/patología , Fibroblastos/patología , Enfermedades de las Válvulas Cardíacas/fisiopatología , Válvulas Cardíacas/fisiopatología , Válvulas Cardíacas/cirugía , Válvulas Cardíacas/ultraestructura , Humanos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/química , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/patología
9.
Biochemistry (Mosc) ; 81(6): 549-64, 2016 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27301283

RESUMEN

Iron is a microelement with the most completely studied biological functions. Its wide dissemination in nature and involvement in key metabolic pathways determine the great importance of this metal for uni- and multicellular organisms. The biological role of iron is characterized by its indispensability in cell respiration and various biochemical processes providing normal functioning of cells and organs of the human body. Iron also plays an important role in the generation of free radicals, which under different conditions can be useful or damaging to biomolecules and cells. In the literature, there are many reviews devoted to iron metabolism and its regulation in pro- and eukaryotes. Significant progress has been achieved recently in understanding molecular bases of iron metabolism. The purpose of this review is to systematize available data on mechanisms of iron assimilation, distribution, and elimination from the human body, as well as on its biological importance and on the major iron-containing proteins. The review summarizes recent ideas about iron metabolism. Special attention is paid to mechanisms of iron absorption in the small intestine and to interrelationships of cellular and extracellular pools of this metal in the human body.


Asunto(s)
Hierro/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Tracto Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Humanos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Mucinas/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción
10.
Biochemistry (Mosc) ; 79(11): 1245-54, 2014 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25540010

RESUMEN

The influence of modified nanosized magnetite (NSM) particles (magnetic microspheres coated with chitosan and magnetoliposomes) after a single intravenous infusion of their suspensions on iron metabolism in rats has been studied. Modern physical and chemical methods (X-ray fluorescence, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy) were used for standardization of the modified NSM particles (their size, structure, ζ-potential, and concentration were determined). Atomic emission spectroscopy was used to reveal the dynamics of iron content in rat liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys during 120 days. Colorimetric and immunoturbidimetric methods were used to determine the concentrations of plasma iron and the proteins involved in its metabolism - ceruloplasmin, transferrin, and ferritin. Their dynamics throughout the experiments were studied.


Asunto(s)
Hierro/metabolismo , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/administración & dosificación , Animales , Hierro/sangre , Riñón/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Pulmón/metabolismo , Nanopartículas de Magnetita/ultraestructura , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Ratas , Espectrometría por Rayos X , Espectrofotometría Atómica , Bazo/metabolismo , Distribución Tisular
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