Patients' beliefs about medicines and adherence to medication in ischemic heart disease.

INTRODUCTION: The phenomenon of adherence to treatment is a motive of worry from the scientific community, since it is considered as a worldwide problem of high magnitude. The implications are of great relevance in morbidity, mortality, in the significant increase in the consumption of health care and in the costs to the health system, particularly in patients with ischemic heart disease. We intend to evaluate adherence to treatment and relate beliefs about medicines with adherence to treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional. It was performed on 254 patients with ischemic heart disease who were in follow-up consultation in the hospital at the time of the questionnaire application. Data collection was performed through a self-administered questionnaire, integrating the following scales: Measure Adherence to Treatment and Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire. RESULTS: The patients had a mean age of 66.94 years (SD=11.62), 74% were male, 73.2% were married, 69.3% had education up to the "4th grade", 57.1% lived in the village, 70.1% were retired and 49.6% had an income below "one minimum wage". We found that 50.4% of patients did not adhere to treatment. Women had a strong belief in the specific needs of the prescribed medication, while men expressed greater belief in relation to long-term side effects (P>.05). Patients who expressed a low belief about the harmful potential of medicines revealed predictors of adherence to medication. CONCLUSION: The results are consistent with previous studies in which individuals with lower beliefs in specific concerns reported higher rates of adherence to medication.

Clean labelling sodium nitrite at pilot scale: In-situ reduction of nitrate from plant sources and its effects on the overall quality and safety of restructured cooked ham.

Growing health and environmental concerns have increased demand for all-natural products, with a focus on clean labelling. Sodium nitrite is the most widely used additive in the meat industry because it imparts the typical cured flavour and colour to meat products and, most importantly, their microbiological safety. However, due to health concerns, the European Commission is proposing revised regulations to reduce nitrate and nitrite levels in meat products. As a result, the meat industry is actively seeking alternatives. This study explored the production of four cooked hams utilising nitrate-rich vegetable sources combined with two different nitrate-reducing commercial food cultures, alongside a control ham prepared with sodium nitrite (150 ppm). Microbiological, physico-chemical (pH, water activity, nitrate and nitrite concentration, lipid profile, lipid oxidation) and sensory (texture and colour profile) characterisation of the products was carried out. Challenge tests for Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium sporogenes and Clostridium perfringens have been performed to assess the growth of pathogens, if present in the products. Results revealed comparable microbiological and physico-chemical profiles across ham formulations, with minor differences observed in colour parameters for sample C. The sensory analysis showed that for the pilot ham formulations A and D, there were no significant differences in consumer perception compared to the control ham. In the challenge tests, L. monocytogenes levels were similar in both control and tested hams. There were no significant differences in C. sporogenes and C. perfringens counts at any temperature or between test and control samples. These results indicate that this technology has a potential future in the cured meat sector, as regulators mandate the reduction of added synthetic chemicals and consumers seek healthier and more natural ingredients in their daily diets.

Coffee Consumption during the COVID Pandemic in a Portuguese Sample: An Online Exploratory Study.

BACKGROUND: Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide and is part of the Portuguese lifestyles. This study aims to describe coffee consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic, the change in consumption, the relation between work and familiar pressure during the COVID-19 pandemic and coffee consumption, and the reasons for this consumption pattern. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted by an online questionnaire (n = 463) between March and June 2020. During the data collection phase, information about coffee consumption and socio-demographic characteristics were gathered. RESULTS: All respondents were and are coffee consumers. The coffee average intake before the COVID-19 pandemic was 2.40 ± 0.84 cups of coffee per day, and the average consumption during the COVID-19 confinement was 2.68 ± 0.88 cups. Consumption increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but a correlation between the consumption changes and the familiar or work pressure was not found. The general reasons for the increase in the coffee consumption were "social/cultural" (27%), "the search for energy "boost"" (22.9%), "to feel awake" (22.7%), "to deal with stress" (22.7%) and "the taste" (21.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the ever-increasing popularity of coffee consumption. Respondents also highlighted that some situations make them more prone to consume coffee consumption, such as when they face stress and the need to control tiredness. The COVID pandemic depleted a change in behaviors.

Microbial Conjugated Linolenic Acid-Enriched Fermented Milk Using Lipase-Hydrolyzed Flaxseed Oil: Biochemical, Organoleptic and Storage Traits.

The bioactive conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) can be microbiologically produced by different probiotic strains when in the presence of α-linolenic acid (α-LNA). Food matrices are a good vector, such as has been previously demonstrated with fermented milk enriched with microbial CLNA by Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20091 from lipase-hydrolyzed flaxseed oil. The aim of the present work was to further assess the nutritional, biochemical and organoleptic properties of the developed dairy product, as well as its storage stability throughout 28 days at 4 °C, proving its suitability for consumption. Milk lactose hydrolyzed into glucose (0.89 g/100 g) and galactose (0.88 g/100 g), which were further metabolized into lactic (0.42 g/100 g), acetic (0.44 g/100 g) and propionic (0.85 g/100 g) acids. Titratable acidity reached 0.69% and pH 4.93. Compared with the control (no CLNA), fat content was slightly higher (2.0 g/100 g). Acetic acid was the major volatile (83.32%), lacking important dairy flavor contributors, like acetaldehyde. Sensory analysis revealed predominant astringency and bitterness. No microbial concerns arose during storage, but the CLNA content increased, and some saturated fatty acids seemed to oxidize. In conclusion, the CLNA-enriched fermented milk revealed reasonable compositional properties, yet further improvements are needed for optimal consumer acceptance and a prolonged shelf-life.

Functional characterisation and sensory evaluation of a novel synbiotic okara beverage.

This study aimed to produce four different beverages from okara (soybean by-product) previously hydrolyzed by Cynara cardunculus enzymes and fermented by probiotic bacteria or unfermented beverage. The probiotic viable cells, the isoflavones profile and organic acids were evaluated in the okara beverage. In addition, total phenolic content, antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities were evaluated at storage time and during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of all beverages. The probiotic was viable throughout storage in all fermented beverages. The significant bioconversion of the isoflavone glycosides into their corresponding bioactive aglycones was observed in fermented beverage. Furthermore, the beverages showed a good ACE inhibitory activity. After gastrointestinal tract, all beverages showed an increase in the antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities. In conclusion, this study shows that the application of okara for a multifunctional beverage could be a promising strategy in the disease prevention and contribution to a zero waste approach in food industry.

Behavioral, contextual and biological factors associated with obesity during adolescence: A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Adolescence is a critical period for the development of obesity. Obesity arises from a complex interaction between several factors, which are not yet fully understood. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to identify and assess the peer-reviewed scientific literature on the behavioral, contextual and biological factors associated with obesity in adolescents. METHODS: PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched to identify prospective cohort studies concerning the relation between behavioral, contextual and biological factors and obesity in adolescents aged 10 to 18 years. RESULTS: 40 studies published between the year 2000 and 2018 were included. A positive consistent association between genetic factors and obesity during adolescence was found. Also, there is evidence to support the association between socioeconomic status and obesity. There was conflicting evidence for the contribution of dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, food store environment, school food environment. For the remaining factors no associations were found, or no conclusions could be drawn due to the limited number of studies identified. CONCLUSIONS: Further prospective studies that assess multiple obesity determinants simultaneously and use state-of-art measures are warranted to aid in the development of effective strategies and interventions to prevent obesity during adolescence.

Comportamentos aditivos com e sem substância em adolescentes: relação com a idade e o sexo / Additive behaviors with and without substance in adolescents: relation with age and sex

Resumo Contexto: O fenómeno da adição, com e sem substância, constitui um problema na adolescência pelo impacto negativo em diferentes domínios, nomeadamente na saúde mental. Assim, é fundamental que as equipas de saúde escolar conheçam a prevalência e características dos consumos aditivos dos adolescentes. Objetivo(s): Caracterizar o consumo aditivo com substância (tabaco, álcool e drogas) e sem substância (internet, jogos e redes sociais) em adolescentes, e relacionar os consumos entre si e com as variáveis idade e sexo. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo-correlacional, com a aplicação de um questionário de autopreenchimento em contexto escolar, com uma amostra não probabilística constituída por 571 adolescentes. Resultados: O tabaco, o álcool, a internet e as redes sociais foram as adições mais prevalentes nos adolescentes. Foi encontrada associação entre o consumo de álcool e drogas ilícitas e as variáveis idade e sexo; e entre o consumo de álcool e o grupo etário. Existe correlação positiva e significativa entre o consumo de tabaco e o consumo de drogas; e correlação entre o consumo de álcool com os consumos de tabaco e drogas. Conclusões: Os adolescentes com consumo aditivo a uma substância apresentavam também outras adições, com ou sem substância. O presente estudo realça a necessidade de reforçar os programas de educação para a saúde na comunidade educativa com enfoque na prevenção de comportamentos aditivos com e sem substância nos adolescentes.

Abstract Background: The addiction behaviour is problematic due to its negative impact on adolescents' psychosocial well-being, including their mental health. Thus, it is essential that school health teams know the prevalence and the characteristics of adolescent addictive behaviours. Aim: To characterize addictive behaviour with substance (tobacco, alcohol, and drugs) and without substance (internet, games, and social media) in adolescents and to relate the additive behaviours with and without substance and with the variables age and sex. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study with the application of a self-administered questionnaire, in a school context, to a non-probabilistic sample of 571 adolescents. Results: Tobacco, alcohol, the internet, and social media are the most prevalent adolescents' additions. Alcohol and illicit drugs consumption are associated with the variables age and sex, and alcohol consumption is associated with age. There is a positive and significant correlation between tobacco use and drug; and correlation between alcohol consumption and tobacco and drug consumption. Conclusions: Adolescents with addictive consumption on one substance have also other additions, with or without substance. The present study highlights the need to reinforce health education programs in the educational community with a focus on preventing addictive behaviors with and without substance in adolescents.

Bem-estar Psicológico e Utilização Problemática da Internet em Adolescentes / Psychological Well-Being and Problematic Use of the Internet in Adolescents

Resumo Contexto: A internet mudou os comportamentos dos adolescentes e trouxe novas formas de socialização e comunicação. Para além das suas vantagens, a utilização excessiva pode ter implicações no domínio pessoal, familiar, social e académico, com possíveis consequências nefastas para a saúde e bem-estar psicológico dos mais jovens. Objetivo(s): Caracterizar o bem-estar psicológico e a utilização da internet; relacionar o uso problemático da Internet com o bem-estar psicológico dos adolescentes; e relacionar o bem-estar psicológico dos adolescentes com as variáveis sociodemográficas, escolares e utilização da internet. Métodos: Estudo descritivo-correlacional e transversal com uma amostra de 478 adolescentes, com média de M=14,5 anos (DP=1,9), em contexto escolar. Aplicou-se um questionário que incluía a caracterização sociodemográfica e questões sobre a utilização da internet, o Questionário de Bem-estar Psicológico, versão reduzida (QBEP-R) e a Escala do Uso Generalizado e Problemático da Internet (GPIUS2). O tratamento estatístico foi efetuado com recurso à análise descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Foram observados níveis satisfatórios e elevados de bem-estar psicológico nos adolescentes e utilização problemática da Internet em 13,4% da amostra. Verificou-se uma correlação negativa entre a utilização problemática da internet e o bem-estar psicológico. Constataram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas no bem-estar psicológico em relação às variáveis: idade, sexo, nível de ensino, presença de hobby, utilização das redes sociais e jogos online. Conclusões: Os adolescentes com utilização problemática da internet apresentavam menor bem-estar psicológico, o que justifica a intervenção dos profissionais de saúde, na implementação de estratégias que promovam comportamentos saudáveis e consequentemente o bem-estar psicológico.

Abstract Background: The internet has changed the behavior of teenagers and brought new forms of socialization and communication. However, beyond its advantages there are also some risks. Excessive use can have consequences in the personal, family, social and academic domain, with possible harmful effects on the health and psychological well-being of youngsters. Aim: To characterize the psychological well-being and the use of the internet and to relate the problematic use of the Internet to the psychological well-being of adolescents. Methods: Descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional, and quantitative study, with a sample about 478 adolescents, with an average age of M=14,5 years old (SD =1,9), in a school context. A questionnaire was applied that included the sociodemographic characterization and use of the internet, the Psychological Well-being Questionnaire, short version (QBEP-R) and the Scale of Generalized and Problematic Use of the Internet (GPIUS2). The statistical treatment was performed using descriptive and inferential analysis. Results: Satisfactory and high levels of psychological well-being were observed in adolescents, and problematic use of the Internet was held by 13,4% of the sample. There was a negative correlation between problematic use of the Internet and psychological well-being. There were statistically significant differences in psychological well-being in relation to the variables: age, sex, level of education, presence of hobby, use of social networks and online games. Conclusions: Adolescents with problematic use of the internet have lower psychological well-being, which justifies the intervention of health professionals, namely nurses, in the implementation of strategies that promote healthy online behaviours and, consequently, psychological well-being.

Chemical-sensory properties and consumer preference of hibiscus beverages produced by improved industrial processes.

The need to increase sustainability and add value to traditional foods claiming health benefits led to the introduction of key improvements in the production of hibiscus beverages in Senegal. The physicochemical and sensory properties of three resulting products (an under-vacuum concentrate, a dilute-to-taste syrup and a ready-to-drink infusion) were assessed, vis-à-vis those of conventionally manufactured beverages, and their impact on local consumer preference determined (n=146). New beverages had more intense, redder colour and higher monomeric anthocyanin content, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Moreover, their colour evaluations by trained panellists were mainly linked to colour density and anthocyanin/polyphenol content, while flavour assessments were associated to titratable acidity and sugar-to-acid ratio. Consumer evaluations, in turn, were driven by the beverages' red colour intensity, aroma strength and balance between sweetness and acidity. This explained why they overwhelmingly preferred the under-vacuum concentrate, regardless of their age, gender or frequency of hibiscus beverage consumption.

Occupational nursing in portugal: context and perspectives / Enfermería del trabajo en portugal: contexto y perspectivas / Enfermagem do trabalho em portugal: contexto e perspetivas

Objective: to know the perception of nurses at work regarding the areas of knowledge and intervention. Method: quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study. It involved a sample of 472 occupational nurses. A questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument, which took place between May and September 2017, based on the core areas of knowledge and competencies of the occupational nurse and on the scale of perception of the areas of knowledge and intervention of the occupational nurse. Results: Occupational Nursing was understood by the majority as a transitory professional activity, because it was exercised as a financial complement to the main activity or because they could not be placed in the area of professional practice of their preference. Conclusion: the professional practice in the areas of knowledge and intervention was devalued or not recognized and seen by the majority of nurses as transitory, because almost half aspire to work in the future in this area, but only on a part-time basis.

Objetivo: conocer la percepción de las enfermeras en el trabajo con respecto a las áreas de conocimiento e intervención. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Involucró una muestra de 472 enfermeras de trabajo. Se utilizó un cuestionario como instrumento de recolección de datos, que tuvo lugar entre mayo y septiembre de 2017, basado en las áreas nucleares de conocimiento y competencias de la enfermera de trabajo y en la escala de percepción de las áreas de conocimiento e intervención de la enfermera de trabajo. Resultados: la Enfermería Ocupacional fue entendida por la mayoría como una actividad profesional transitoria, porque se ejercía como complemento económico de la actividad principal o porque no podían ubicarse en el área de práctica profesional de su preferencia. Conclusión: la práctica profesional en las áreas de conocimiento e intervención fue devaluada o no reconocida y vista por la mayoría de las enfermeras como transitoria, porque casi la mitad aspira a trabajar en el futuro en esta área, pero solo a tiempo parcial.

Objetivo: conhecer a perceção dos enfermeiros do trabalho no que respeita às áreas de conhecimento e intervenção. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal. Envolveu amostra de 472 enfermeiros do trabalho. Utilizou-se como instrumento de recolha de dados, que decorreu entre maio e setembro de 2017, questionário, alicerçado nas áreas nucleares de conhecimentos e competências do enfermeiro do trabalho e na escala de perceção das áreas de conhecimento e intervenção do enfermeiro do trabalho. Resultados: a Enfermagem do Trabalho foi entendida pela maioria como atividade profissional transitória, pelo facto de ser exercida como complemento financeiro à atividade principal ou porque não conseguiram colocação na área de exercício profissional da sua preferência. Conclusão: o exercício profissional nas áreas de conhecimento e intervenção foi desvalorizado ou não reconhecido e encarado pela maioria dos enfermeiros como transitório, pelo facto de quase metade ambicionar trabalhar no futuro nessa área, mas apenas em regime de tempo parcial.

Chemical and microbiological characterization of alheira: A typical Portuguese fermented sausage with particular reference to factors relating to food safety.

Alheiras are traditional smoked naturally fermented meat sausages produced in the north of Portugal. They have not previously been characterized as to their chemical and microbiological status. pH and salt levels are insufficient to assure microbiological safety, there is ample opportunity for post-cooking contamination; the products require chill storage and cooking before consumption. Heavy metals and biogenic amines were, in general, within accepted limits for meat products. Lactic acid bacteria comprised the major microflora (ca. 7-8logcfu/g) with substantial counts of micrococci and enterococci (up to 7logcfu/g). Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria spp. were detected in several samples.

A utilização da acupuntura no controlo da dor crónica em usuários com síndrome vertebral com irradiação / The use of acupuncture to control chronic pain in users with irradiated vertebral syndrome

Objetivos: a acupuntura é, cada vez mais, uma técnica utilizada, em usuários portadores de várias patologias, e, em especial, aquelas que são acompanhadas de dor crónica. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar o efeito da terapêutica não farmacológica de acupuntura e eletroacupuntura para o controle da dor crónica, em usuários com diagnóstico médico de síndrome vertebral com irradiação. Métodos: foi realizada uma pesquisa com dois momentos de avaliação ­ antes e após sessões de terapêutica não farmacológica de acupuntura e eletroacupuntura. Utilizou-se um questionário com variáveis de caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, o Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)e Short Form 6 Dimensions (SF-6D). Resultados: participaram no estudo 43 usuários, tendo sido encontradas diferenças estaticamente significativas, do momento 1 para o momento 2 de avaliação, quer no domínio da severidade da dor (p<0,01), quer no domínio interferência da dor no funcionamento diário (p<0,01), assim como nas diferentes dimensões do SF-6D foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Conclusões: salienta-se que a terapêutica não farmacológica de acupuntura e eletroacupuntura em usuários com diagnóstico de síndrome vertebral com irradiação e dor crónica contribuiu para a diminuição da severidade da dor, da interferência da dor no funcionamento diário e melhoria da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde.

Aims: acupuncture is increasingly a technique used in users with various pathologies, and especially those who are accompanied by chronic pain. This research aimed to analyze the effect of non-pharmacological acupuncture and electroacupuncture therapy for the control of chronic pain in users with medical diagnosis of irradiation vertebral syndrome. Methods: a research was conducted with two evaluation moments: before and after non-pharmacological acupuncture and electroacupuncture therapy sessions. A questionnaire with variables of sociodemographic and clinical characterization, the Brief Pain Inventory and Short Form 6 Dimensions (SF-6D) was used. Results: forty-three users participated in the study, and statistically significant differences were found from moment 1 to moment 2 of evaluation, either in the pain severity domain (p<0.01) or in the pain interference domain in daily functioning (p <0.01), as well as in the different dimensions of SF-6D, statistically significant differences were found. Conclusions: non-pharmacological acupuncture and electroacupuncture therapy in users diagnosed with irradiation and chronic pain have contributed to decrease pain severity, pain interference in daily functioning and improvement of health-related quality of life.

Sofrimento nos enfermeiros em cuidados de saúde primários / Suffering in primary care nurses / Sufrimiento de los enfermeros de atención primaria de la salud

Enquadramento: O sofrimento nos enfermeiros advém da prestação de cuidados ao doente em sofrimento e de fatores relacionados com as condições de trabalho. É uma experiência multidimensional que ocorre em situações de perda, dano ou ameaça à integridade da pessoa. Objetivo: Comparar as médias das dimensões do sofrimento (Dor Emocional, Perda Relacional e Evitamento) em função das variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais dos enfermeiros. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo e transversal de natureza quantitativa. Amostra constituída por 100 enfermeiros. Foi aplicado um questionário de autopreenchimento e para avaliação do sofrimento a Caregiver Grief Scale. Resultados: O sexo feminino com filhos, com companheiro, sem especialização em enfermagem e com mais tempo de serviço apresentou médias mais elevadas de sofrimento. No sexo masculino, as médias mais elevadas verificaram-se nos enfermeiros sem filhos, sem companheiro, com especialização em enfermagem e com mais tempo de serviço. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros apresentaram médias mais elevadas de sofrimento na dimensão Dor Emocional, seguida da Perda Relacional e do Evitamento, sendo maior a expressão do sofrimento no sexo feminino.

Background: Suffering in nurses is associated with the delivery of care to patients in suffering and factors related to the working conditions. It is a multidimensional experience that occurs in situations of loss, damage, or threat to human integrity. Objective: To compare the mean scores in the dimensions of suffering (Emotional Pain, Relational Loss, and Avoidance) based on the sociodemographic and professional variables of nurses. Methodology: A descriptive and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted with a sample of 100 nurses. A self-administered questionnaire was applied, as well as the Caregiver Grief Scale for assessing suffering. Results: Women with children, with a partner, without specialization in nursing, and with more years of service had higher mean scores of suffering. In men, the highest mean scores were found in nurses without children, without a partner, with specialization in nursing, and with more years of service. Conclusion: Nurses showed higher mean scores of suffering in the dimension of Emotional Pain, followed by Relational Loss, and Avoidance, and suffering was higher among women.

Marco contextual: El sufrimiento de los enfermeros proviene de la prestación de cuidados al paciente que sufre y de factores relacionados con las condiciones de trabajo. Es una experiencia multidimensional que se produce en situaciones de pérdida, daño o amenaza a la integridad de la persona. Objetivo: Comparar las medias de las dimensiones del sufrimiento (Dolor Emocional, Pérdida Relacional y Evitación), según las variables sociodemográficas y profesionales de los enfermeros. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo y transversal de naturaleza cuantitativa. La muestra constó de 100 enfermeros. Se aplicó un cuestionario de autocumplimentado y, para evaluar el sufrimiento, se utilizó la Caregiver Grief Scale. Resultados: El sexo femenino con hijos, con pareja, sin especialización de enfermería y con más tiempo de servicio presentó medias más elevadas de sufrimiento. En el sexo masculino, las medias más altas se encontraron en los enfermeros sin hijos, sin pareja, con una especialización en enfermería y con más tiempo de servicio. Conclusión: Los enfermeros presentaron medias más altas de sufrimiento en la dimensión Dolor Emocional, seguido de Pérdida Relacional y Evitación, y la expresión del sufrimiento fue mayor en el sexo femenino.

The association of equity, accessibility, and price with primary healthcare user's satisfaction.

The assessment of user satisfaction, and the knowledge of what factors influence satisfaction are very important for the improvement of services' quality provided. This study aims to evaluate user satisfaction with primary healthcare services. A sample of 6,113 healthcare services users was interviewed to evaluate satisfaction and determine a global satisfaction index using a Partial Least Squares Path Model. The global user satisfaction index with healthcare centers is 58.4 points on a 100-point scale, showing that users are only moderately satisfied with the service provided. The results show that the medical care and the price of services are the main predictors of user satisfaction. Other factors such as the perception of health equity and nursing services also seem to be important contributors to satisfaction. A more disturbing result is the negative relationship between perceived accessibility and satisfaction, which requires further research.

Versão portuguesa da escala de satisfação dos pacientes com os cuidados do médico de família ­ SatMF17: validação psicométrica / Portuguese version of the user satisfaction scale with the care of the family physician ­ SatMF17: psychometric validation

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da escala de satisfação dos pacientes com os cuidados do médico de família (SatMF17). MÉTODOS: Estudo metodológico, em que participaram usuários inscritos em Unidades de Saúde Familiar e Unidades de Cuidados de Saúde Personalizados do Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde Marão e Douro Norte. Os critérios de inclusão dos usuários foram: ser paciente inscrito numa das duas unidades referenciadas, ter mais de 18 anos e menos de 65 anos, saber ler e escrever e ter tido, pelo menos no último ano, uma consulta em uma das duas unidades. A escala SatMF17 é constituída por 17 itens, respondidos por meio de uma escala tipo Likert que varia entre 1 (mau) e 5 (excelente), em que o somatório varia entre 17 e 85. A coleta dos dados foi realizada no período compreendido entre janeiro e junho de 2016. O paciente que preenchesse os critérios de inclusão quando da chegada à unidade de saúde era convidado a participar do estudo pelo assistente administrativo. Após apresentação e explicação dos objetivos do estudo e assinatura do termo de consentimento, era oferecido o questionário ao paciente, que ao final do autopreenchimento o inseria em um envelope. Para análise dos dados foram utilizados os recursos estatísticos coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, análise fatorial exploratória, critérios de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, teste de esfericidade de Bartlett e coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. RESULTADOS: A amostra incluída foi de 284 pacientes, sendo 159 (56,0%) participantes do gênero feminino. A média de idade situou-se nos 41,2 anos, variando entre 18 anos e 65 anos. A análise fatorial exploratória em componentes principais e rotação varimax revelou uma solução fatorial de dois fatores com autovalores superiores a 1, os quais explicam em conjunto 72,48% da variância total da satisfação dos pacientes com os cuidados do médico de família. CONCLUSÕES: A escala SatMF17 é confiável e válida e pode ser utilizada em populações com características semelhantes, constituindo um instrumento de utilidade prática para avaliar a satisfação dos pacientes com os cuidados do médico de família.

AIMS: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the satisfaction scale of patients with the care of the family physician (SatMF17). METHODS: Methodological study, in which users enrolled in Family Health Units and Personalized Health Care Units of the Marão and Douro Norte Health Centers. The criteria for inclusion of the users were: to be a patient enrolled in one of the two referenced units, to be over 18 and under 65 years old, to be able to read and write and to have had, at least, one visit in the last year in one of the two units. The SatMF17 scale consists of 17 items, answered by a Likert scale ranging from 1 (bad) to 5 (excellent), in which the sum ranges from 17 to 85. The data collection was carried out in the period between January and June 2016. The patient who met the inclusion criteria upon arrival at the health unit was invited to participate in the study by the administrative assistant. After a presentation and explanation of the objectives of the study, and signing of the consent term, the questionnaire was offered to the patient, who at the end of self-completion inserted it into an envelope. For statistical analysis, the statistical resources were Cronbach's alpha coefficient, exploratory factorial analysis, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin criteria, Bartlett's sphericity test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The sample included had 284 patients, of whom 159 (56,0%) were female. The mean age was 41,2 years, ranging from 18 years to 65 years. The exploratory factorial analysis in main components and varimax rotation revealed a factorial solution of two factors with eigenvalues greater than 1, which together explain 72,48% of the total variance of patient satisfaction with the care of the family doctor. CONCLUSIONS: The SatMF17 Scale is reliable and valid and can be used in populations with similar characteristics, constituting an instrument of practical utility to evaluate the satisfaction of patients with the care of the family doctor.

Capacitação de trabalhadores em suporte básico de vida / Training workers in basic life support / Capacitación de trabajadores en soporte básico de vida

Resumo Introdução A capacitação dos cidadãos no auxílio a vítimas em risco de vida é fundamental em qualquer sociedade. Objetivo avaliar os conhecimentos sobre Suporte Básico de Vida dos trabalhadores de uma Câmara Municipal do norte de Portugal, antes e após a implementação do programa de intervenção "Capacitar para Salvar" e avaliar as competências demonstradas, após a participação no programa de intervenção. Materiais e Métodos Trata-se de um estudo do tipo quase-experimental e longitudinal, onde foi utilizado um questionário, constituído por 2 partes (caraterização sociodemográfica e avaliação de conhecimentos) e uma grelha de avaliação de competências. No 1º momento foram avaliados os conhecimentos sobre Suporte Básico de Vida e implementado um programa de intervenção, sendo que no 2º momento, foram avaliados os conhecimentos e competências sobre Suporte Básico de Vida. Resultados Participaram no estudo 97 trabalhadores. Os resultados mostraram que os trabalhadores possuem conhecimentos e competências insuficientes em Suporte Básico de Vida. Discussão e Conclusões Verificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos conhecimentos e competências em Suporte Básico de Vida. Implicações para a prática: implementação de estratégias que promovam a formação em Suporte Básico de Vida a todos cidadãos, quer ao nível da transmissão de conhecimentos, quer da formação prática.

Abstract Introduction Training citizens to help victims in life-threatening situations is fundamental in any society. Objective to evaluate the knowledge on Basic Life Support by workers in a Municipal Council of the north of Portugal, before and after implementing the intervention program "Train to Save" and assess the skills shown after participating in the intervention program. Materials and Methods This was a quasi-experimental longitudinal study, using a questionnaire, which comprised two parts (sociodemographic characterization and evaluation of knowledge) and a skills-assessment grid. In the first moment, knowledge on Basic Life Support was evaluated and an intervention program was implemented; the second moment evaluated the knowledge and skills on Basic Life Support. Results The study had the participation of 97 workers. The results revealed that the workers had insufficient knowledge and skills in Basic Life Support. Discussion and Conclusions Statistically significant differences were verified of knowledge and skills in Basic Life Support. Implications for the practice: implementation of strategies that promote training in Basic Life Support for all citizens at knowledge transmission level and in practical formation.

Resumen Introducción La capacitación de los ciudadanos en la ayuda a las víctimas en riesgo de vida es fundamental en cualquier sociedad. Objetivo evaluar los conocimientos sobre Soporte Básico de Vida de los trabajadores de una Cámara Municipal del Norte de Portugal, antes y después de la implementación del programa de intervención "Capacitar para Salvar" y evaluar las competencias demostradas, después de la participación en el programa de intervención. Materiales y Métodos Se trata de un estudio de tipo cuasi-experimental y longitudinal, donde se utilizó un cuestionario, constituido por 2 partes (caracterización sociodemográfica y evaluación de conocimientos) y una plantilla de evaluación de competencias. En el 1° momento fueron evaluados los conocimientos sobre Soporte Básico de Vida e implementado un programa de intervención, siendo que en el 2º momento fueron evaluados los conocimientos y competencias sobre Soporte Básico de Vida. Resultados Participaron en el estudio 97 trabajadores. Los resultados mostraron que los trabajadores poseen conocimientos y competencias insuficientes en Soporte Básico de Vida. Discusión y Conclusiones Se verificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los conocimientos y competencias en Soporte Básico de Vida. Implicaciones para la práctica: implementación de estrategias que promuevan la formación en Soporte Básico de Vida a todos los ciudadanos, tanto en el nivel de la transmisión de conocimientos como en la formación práctica.

The relationship between job stressors, hardy personality, coping resources and burnout in a sample of nurses: a correlational study at two time points.

BACKGROUND: Nursing is considered as a risk profession with high levels of stress and burnout, and these levels are probably increasing. OBJECTIVES: This study assessed temporal and cross-sectional relationships between job stressors, hardy personality and coping resources on burnout dimensions among nurses. DESIGN: Temporal and cross-sectional effects were evaluated. A sample of 98 nurses from Portugal completed the Nursing Burnout Scale at two time points. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and hierarchical linear regression analyses regressing Wave 2 burnout dimensions. RESULTS: The study confirmed the specific contribution of control and challenged hardy personality dimensions as the explanation of burnout. However, commitment did not show any effects in this study. Social support and active coping were also relevant predictors of burnout dimensions. Specifically, active coping had an inverse temporal effect on depersonalisation and lack of personal accomplishment. In relation to the burnout process, depersonalisation appeared as an antecedent of lack of personal accomplishment. CONCLUSIONS: The present study is an initial step to comprehend the link between job stressors, hardy personality, coping resources and diminishing burnout.

Patients' beliefs about medicines and adherence to medication in ischemic heart disease

INTRODUCTION: The phenomenon of adherence to treatment is a motive of worry from the scientific community, since it is considered as a worldwide problem of high magnitude. The implications are of great relevance in morbidity, mortality, in the significant increase in the consumption of health care and in the costs to the health system, particularly in patients with ischemic heart disease. We intend to evaluate adherence to treatment and relate beliefs about medicines with adherence to treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional. It was performed on 254 patients with ischemic heart disease who were in follow-up consultation in the hospital at the time of the questionnaire application. Data collection was performed through a self-administered questionnaire, integrating the following scales: Measure Adherence to Treatment and Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire. RESULTS: The patients had a mean age of 66.94 years (SD = 11.62), 74% were male, 73.2% were married, 69.3% had education up to the «4th grade», 57.1% lived in the village, 70.1% were retired and 49.6% had an income below «one minimum wage». We found that 50.4% of patients did not adhere to treatment. Women had a strong belief in the specific needs of the prescribed medication, while men expressed greater belief in relation to long-term side effects (P > .05). Patients who expressed a low belief about the harmful potential of medicines revealed predictors of adherence to medication. CONCLUSION: The results are consistent with previous studies in which individuals with lower beliefs in specific concerns reported higher rates of adherence to medication

No disponible

Chemical and microbiological characterisation of "Salpicão de Vinhais" and "Chouriça de Vinhais": traditional dry sausages produced in the North of Portugal.

"Chouriça de Vinhais" and "Salpicão de Vinhais" are traditional smoked naturally fermented meat products produced in the North of Portugal, Trás-os-Montes. The objective of this study was the characterisation of these products, giving particular attention to their microbiological and chemical safety. Nitrite, nitrate, heavy metals and biogenic amines were within accepted limits for meat products. Globally, the need for improvements in the good manufacturing practices was demonstrated in this study as various lots were considered of unsatisfactory microbiological quality according to the guidelines published by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland.