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1.
Cell ; 175(5): 1430-1442.e17, 2018 11 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30454650

RESUMEN

In eukaryotic cells, organelles and the cytoskeleton undergo highly dynamic yet organized interactions capable of orchestrating complex cellular functions. Visualizing these interactions requires noninvasive, long-duration imaging of the intracellular environment at high spatiotemporal resolution and low background. To achieve these normally opposing goals, we developed grazing incidence structured illumination microscopy (GI-SIM) that is capable of imaging dynamic events near the basal cell cortex at 97-nm resolution and 266 frames/s over thousands of time points. We employed multi-color GI-SIM to characterize the fast dynamic interactions of diverse organelles and the cytoskeleton, shedding new light on the complex behaviors of these structures. Precise measurements of microtubule growth or shrinkage events helped distinguish among models of microtubule dynamic instability. Analysis of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interactions with other organelles or microtubules uncovered new ER remodeling mechanisms, such as hitchhiking of the ER on motile organelles. Finally, ER-mitochondria contact sites were found to promote both mitochondrial fission and fusion.


Asunto(s)
Retículo Endoplásmico/metabolismo , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Dinámicas Mitocondriales , Animales , Células COS , Línea Celular Tumoral , Chlorocebus aethiops , Humanos , Microscopía Fluorescente
2.
Nat Methods ; 15(9): 659-660, 2018 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30171240
3.
Mol Biol Cell ; 33(11): ar94, 2022 09 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35544300

RESUMEN

Arrays of actin filaments (F-actin) near the apical surface of epithelial cells (medioapical arrays) contribute to apical constriction and morphogenesis throughout phylogeny. Here, superresolution approaches (grazing incidence structured illumination, GI-SIM, and lattice light sheet, LLSM) microscopy resolve individual, fluorescently labeled F-actin and bipolar myosin filaments that drive amnioserosa cell shape changes during dorsal closure in Drosophila. In expanded cells, F-actin and myosin form loose, apically domed meshworks at the plasma membrane. The arrays condense as cells contract, drawing the domes into the plane of the junctional belts. As condensation continues, individual filaments are no longer uniformly apparent. As cells expand, arrays of actomyosin are again resolved-some F-actin turnover likely occurs, but a large fraction of existing filaments rearrange. In morphologically isotropic cells, actin filaments are randomly oriented and during contraction are drawn together but remain essentially randomly oriented. In anisotropic cells, largely parallel actin filaments are drawn closer to one another. Our images offer unparalleled resolution of F-actin in embryonic tissue, show that medioapical arrays are tightly apposed to the plasma membrane and are continuous with meshworks of lamellar F-actin. Medioapical arrays thereby constitute modified cell cortex. In concert with other tagged array components, superresolution imaging of live specimens will offer new understanding of cortical architecture and function.


Asunto(s)
Actinas , Actomiosina , Citoesqueleto de Actina/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Actomiosina/metabolismo , Animales , Drosophila/metabolismo , Microscopía , Miosinas/metabolismo
4.
Lab Chip ; 22(1): 136-147, 2021 12 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34859808

RESUMEN

We present a microfluidic device compatible with high resolution light sheet and super-resolution microscopy. The device is a 150 µm thick chamber with a transparent fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) cover that has a similar refractive index (1.34) to water (1.33), making it compatible with top-down imaging used in light sheet microscopy. We provide a detailed fabrication protocol and characterize the optical performance of the device. We demonstrate that the device supports long-term imaging of cell growth and differentiation as well as the rapid addition and removal of reagents while simultaneously maintaining sterile culture conditions by physically isolating the sample from the dipping lenses used for imaging. Finally, we demonstrate that the device can be used for super-resolution imaging using lattice light sheet structured illumination microscopy (LLS-SIM) and DNA PAINT. We anticipate that FEP-based microfluidics, as shown here, will be broadly useful to researchers using light sheet microscopy due to the ability to switch reagents, image weakly adherent cells, maintain sterility, and physically isolate the specimen from the optics of the instruments.


Asunto(s)
Lentes , Microscopía , Dispositivos Laboratorio en un Chip , Microfluídica , Refractometría
5.
G3 (Bethesda) ; 10(11): 4249-4269, 2020 11 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32978263

RESUMEN

Cell sheet morphogenesis is essential for metazoan development and homeostasis of animal form - it contributes to developmental milestones including gastrulation, neural tube closure, heart and palate formation and to tissue maintenance during wound healing. Dorsal closure, a well-characterized stage in Drosophila embryogenesis and a model for cell sheet morphogenesis, is a remarkably robust process during which coordination of conserved gene expression patterns and signaling cascades regulate the cellular shape changes and movements. New 'dorsal closure genes' continue to be discovered due to advances in imaging and genetics. Here, we extend our previous study of the right arm of the 2nd chromosome to the left arm of the 2nd chromosome using the Bloomington deficiency kit's set of large deletions, which collectively remove 98.9% of the genes on the left arm of chromosome two (2L) to identify 'dorsal closure deficiencies'. We successfully screened 87.2% of the genes and identified diverse dorsal closure defects in embryos homozygous for 49 deficiencies, 27 of which delete no known dorsal closure gene. These homozygous deficiencies cause defects in cell shape, canthus formation and tissue dynamics. Within these deficiencies, we have identified pimples, odd-skipped, paired, and sloppy-paired 1 as dorsal closure genes on 2L that affect lateral epidermal cells. We will continue to identify novel 'dorsal closure genes' with further analysis. These forward genetic screens are expected to identify new processes and pathways that contribute to closure and links between pathways and structures already known to coordinate various aspects of closure.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Drosophila , Drosophila , Animales , Cromosomas , Drosophila/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Embrión no Mamífero , Desarrollo Embrionario , Epidermis , Morfogénesis/genética
6.
G3 (Bethesda) ; 8(7): 2361-2387, 2018 07 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29776969

RESUMEN

Cell sheet morphogenesis characterizes key developmental transitions and homeostasis, in vertebrates and throughout phylogeny, including gastrulation, neural tube formation and wound healing. Dorsal closure, a process during Drosophila embryogenesis, has emerged as a model for cell sheet morphogenesis. ∼140 genes are currently known to affect dorsal closure and new genes are identified each year. Many of these genes were identified in screens that resulted in arrested development. Dorsal closure is remarkably robust and many questions regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in this complex biological process remain. Thus, it is important to identify all genes that contribute to the kinematics and dynamics of closure. Here, we used a set of large deletions (deficiencies), which collectively remove 98.5% of the genes on the right arm of Drosophila melanogaster's 2nd chromosome to identify "dorsal closure deficiencies". Through two crosses, we unambiguously identified embryos homozygous for each deficiency and time-lapse imaged them for the duration of closure. Images were analyzed for defects in cell shapes and tissue movements. Embryos homozygous for 47 deficiencies have notable, diverse defects in closure, demonstrating that a number of discrete processes comprise closure and are susceptible to mutational disruption. Further analysis of these deficiencies will lead to the identification of at least 30 novel "dorsal closure genes". We expect that many of these novel genes will identify links to pathways and structures already known to coordinate various aspects of closure. We also expect to identify new processes and pathways that contribute to closure.


Asunto(s)
Mapeo Cromosómico , Cromosomas de Insectos , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Drosophila/embriología , Drosophila/genética , Morfogénesis/genética , Animales , Cadherinas , Cruzamientos Genéticos , Desarrollo Embrionario/genética , Epidermis/embriología , Epidermis/metabolismo , Pruebas Genéticas , Fenotipo , Eliminación de Secuencia , Imagen de Lapso de Tiempo
7.
Curr Biol ; 26(16): 2079-89, 2016 08 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27451898

RESUMEN

Apical constriction is a change in cell shape that drives key morphogenetic events including gastrulation and neural tube formation. Apical force-producing actomyosin networks drive apical constriction by contracting while connected to cell-cell junctions. The mechanisms by which developmental patterning regulates these actomyosin networks and associated junctions with spatial precision are not fully understood. Here we identify a myosin light-chain kinase MRCK-1 as a key regulator of C. elegans gastrulation that integrates spatial and developmental patterning information. We show that MRCK-1 is required for activation of contractile actomyosin dynamics and elevated cortical tension in the apical cell cortex of endoderm precursor cells. MRCK-1 is apically localized by active Cdc42 at the external, cell-cell contact-free surfaces of apically constricting cells, downstream of cell fate determination mechanisms. We establish that the junctional components α-catenin, ß-catenin, and cadherin become highly enriched at the apical junctions of apically constricting cells and that MRCK-1 and myosin activity are required in vivo for this enrichment. Taken together, our results define mechanisms that position a myosin activator to a specific cell surface where it both locally increases cortical tension and locally enriches junctional components to facilitate apical constriction. These results reveal crucial links that can tie spatial information to local force generation to drive morphogenesis.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Caenorhabditis elegans/embriología , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Unión al GTP/genética , Gastrulación , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Actomiosina/metabolismo , Animales , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Adhesión Celular , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Movimiento Celular , Proteínas de Unión al GTP/metabolismo , Uniones Intercelulares/metabolismo , Miosinas/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo
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