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1.
J Surg Res ; 295: 493-504, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38071779

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: While intravenous fluid therapy is essential to re-establishing volume status in children who have experienced trauma, aggressive resuscitation can lead to various complications. There remains a lack of consensus on whether pediatric trauma patients will benefit from a liberal or restrictive crystalloid resuscitation approach and how to optimally identify and transition between fluid phases. METHODS: A panel was comprised of physicians with expertise in pediatric trauma, critical care, and emergency medicine. A three-round Delphi process was conducted via an online survey, with each round being followed by a live video conference. Experts agreed or disagreed with each aspect of the proposed fluid management algorithm on a five-level Likert scale. The group opinion level defined an algorithm parameter's acceptance or rejection with greater than 75% agreement resulting in acceptance and greater than 50% disagreement resulting in rejection. The remaining were discussed and re-presented in the next round. RESULTS: Fourteen experts from five Level 1 pediatric trauma centers representing three subspecialties were included. Responses were received from 13/14 participants (93%). In round 1, 64% of the parameters were accepted, while the remaining 36% were discussed and re-presented. In round 2, 90% of the parameters were accepted. Following round 3, there was 100% acceptance by all the experts on the revised and final version of the algorithm. CONCLUSIONS: We present a validated algorithm for intavenous fluid management in pediatric trauma patients that focuses on the de-escalation of fluids. Focusing on this time point of fluid therapy will help minimize iatrogenic complications of crystalloid fluids within this patient population.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Crítica , Resucitación , Humanos , Niño , Enfermedad Crítica/terapia , Resucitación/métodos , Fluidoterapia/métodos , Cuidados Críticos , Soluciones Cristaloides , Técnica Delphi
2.
Pediatr Radiol ; 48(9): 1307-1323, 2018 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30078036

RESUMEN

Imaging of tuberous sclerosis complex has rapidly evolved over the last decade in association with increased understanding of the disease process and new treatment modalities. Tuberous sclerosis complex is best known for the neurological symptoms and the associated neuroimaging findings, and children with tuberous sclerosis complex require active surveillance of associated abnormalities in the chest, abdomen and pelvis. Common findings that require regular imaging surveillance are angiomyolipomas in the kidneys and lymphangioleiomyomatosis in the chest. However multiple rarer associations have been attributed to tuberous sclerosis complex and should be considered by radiologists reviewing any imaging in these children. In this review the authors discuss the spectrum of imaging findings in people with tuberous sclerosis complex, focusing on MR imaging findings in the chest, abdomen and pelvis.


Asunto(s)
Abdomen/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Esclerosis Tuberosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Niño , Medios de Contraste , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos
3.
Pediatr Crit Care Med ; 16(2): 119-23, 2015 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25647121

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of human rhino/enteroviruses on morbidity and mortality outcomes in children with severe viral respiratory infection. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: The ICU, either PICU or cardiac ICU, at three urban academic tertiary-care children's hospitals. PATIENTS: All patients with laboratory-confirmed human rhino/enteroviruses infection between January 2010 and June 2011. INTERVENTIONS: We captured demographic and clinical data and analyzed associated morbidity and mortality outcomes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: There were 519 patients included in our analysis. The median patient age was 2.7 years. The median hospital and ICU lengths of stay were 4 days and 2 days, respectively. Thirty-four percent of patients had a history of asthma, and 25% of patients had a chronic medical condition other than asthma. Thirty-two percent of patients required mechanical ventilation. Eleven patients (2.1%) did not survive to hospital discharge. The rate of viral coinfection was 12.5% and was not associated with mortality. Predisposing factors associated with increased mortality included immunocompromised state (p < 0.001), ICU admission severity of illness score (p < 0.001), and bacterial coinfection (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: There is substantial morbidity associated with severe respiratory infection due to human rhino/enteroviruses in children. Mortality was less severe than reported in other respiratory viruses such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. The burden of illness from human rhino/enteroviruses in the ICU in terms of resource utilization may be considerable.


Asunto(s)
Enterovirus , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/mortalidad , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/mortalidad , Rhinovirus , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Costo de Enfermedad , Cuidados Críticos/estadística & datos numéricos , District of Columbia/epidemiología , Enterovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Enterovirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Enterovirus/mortalidad , Infecciones por Enterovirus/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Maryland/epidemiología , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/terapia , Respiración Artificial/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/diagnóstico , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/terapia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Rhinovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Resultado del Tratamiento
4.
Front Immunol ; 11: 3, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32117216

RESUMEN

The primary function of the respiratory system of gas exchange renders it vulnerable to environmental pathogens that circulate in the air. Physical and cellular barriers of the respiratory tract mucosal surface utilize a variety of strategies to obstruct microbe entry. Physical barrier defenses including the surface fluid replete with antimicrobials, neutralizing immunoglobulins, mucus, and the epithelial cell layer with rapidly beating cilia form a near impenetrable wall that separates the external environment from the internal soft tissue of the host. Resident leukocytes, primarily of the innate immune branch, also maintain airway integrity by constant surveillance and the maintenance of homeostasis through the release of cytokines and growth factors. Unfortunately, pathogens such as influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae require hosts for their replication and dissemination, and prey on the respiratory tract as an ideal environment causing severe damage to the host during their invasion. In this review, we outline the host-pathogen interactions during influenza and post-influenza bacterial pneumonia with a focus on inter- and intra-cellular crosstalk important in pulmonary immune responses.


Asunto(s)
Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/inmunología , Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Gripe Humana/inmunología , Infecciones Neumocócicas/inmunología , Mucosa Respiratoria/inmunología , Streptococcus pneumoniae/inmunología , Animales , Coinfección/inmunología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata , Gripe Humana/tratamiento farmacológico , Gripe Humana/virología , Leucocitos/inmunología , Pulmón/inmunología , Ratones , Infecciones Neumocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Neumocócicas/microbiología
5.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr ; 49(1): 23-30, 2009 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19465870

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Diarrheal diseases remain a major human plague that still claim millions of lives every year. Probiotics, including Lactobacillus GG (LGG), are known to have a beneficial effect on diarrheal diseases, but their mechanism of action has not yet been completely established. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to identify and characterize moieties elaborated by LGG that exert antibacterial activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lactobacillus GG conditional media was subjected to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The identified peptides were synthesized by Symphony peptide synthesizer and purified by HPLC using Dynamax reverse-phase C18 column. Using A600 measurement and tested for their antibacterial activity. RESULTS: We identified 7 small peptides from LGG cultured media, 2 of which are NPSRQERR and PDENK, retained the antibacterial activity detected with LGG conditional media. The antibacterial activity was exerted against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli EAEC 042 and Salmonella typhi) and, with less potency, Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: Lactobacillus GG elaborates small peptides showing various degrees of antibacterial activity. NPSRQERR showed the most potent antibacterial effect that was detected both in Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms. These synthetic peptides may represent novel tools for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Medios de Cultivo Condicionados/química , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Lactobacillus/química , Péptidos/aislamiento & purificación , Probióticos/química , Salmonella typhi/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Péptidos/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos
6.
FEMS Microbiol Lett ; 284(2): 237-46, 2008 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18507683

RESUMEN

Abstract Escherichia coli is a versatile organism capable of causing a variety of intestinal and extraintestinal diseases, as well as existing as part of the commensal flora. A variety of factors permit specific attachment to host receptors including fimbrial adhesins and outer membrane proteins such as autotransporters. One of the better characterized autotransporters is Antigen 43 (Ag43), the major phase-variable surface protein of E. coli. Ag43 is associated with bacterial cell-cell aggregation and biofilm formation. Nevertheless, the precise biological significance and contribution to intestinal colonization remain to be elucidated. Here we investigated the contribution of Ag43 to E. coli adherence to intestinal epithelial cells and colonization of the mouse intestine. These investigations revealed that Ag43 increased in vitro adherence of E. coli to epithelial cells by promoting bacterial cell-cell aggregation but that Ag43 did not promote specific interactions with the mammalian cells. Furthermore, Ag43 did not contribute significantly to colonization of the mouse intestine and expression of Ag43 was lost a few days after colonization of the mouse was established. Unexpectedly, considering its similarity to other adhesins, our findings suggest that Ag43 does not act as a direct colonization factor by binding to mammalian cells.


Asunto(s)
Adhesinas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Biopelículas , Células Epiteliales/microbiología , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/patogenicidad , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Adhesinas de Escherichia coli , Animales , Adhesión Bacteriana , Células Cultivadas , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Femenino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Factores de Tiempo
7.
Mol Microbiol ; 61(5): 1267-82, 2006 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16925558

RESUMEN

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is defined by aggregative adherence (AA) to HEp-2 cells, where bacteria display adherence to cell surfaces and also to the intervening substratum in a stacked-brick configuration. We previously showed that an AraC homologue designated AggR is required for the expression of plasmid-encoded genes that mediate AA of EAEC strain 042. In this study, we hypothesized that AggR also controls the expression of other virulence determinants in EAEC 042. Using proteomic and microarray analysis, we identified for the first time that AggR activates the expression of chromosomal genes, including 25 contiguous genes (aaiA-Y), which are localized to a 117 kb pathogenicity island (PAI) inserted at pheU. Many of these genes have homologues in other Gram-negative bacteria and were recently proposed to constitute a type VI secretion system (T6SS). AaiC was identified as a secreted protein that has no apparent homologues within GenBank. EAEC strains carrying in-frame deletions of aaiB, aaiG, aaiO or aaiP still synthesized AaiC; however, AaiC secretion was abolished. Cloning of aai genes into E. coli HB101 suggested that aaiA-P are sufficient for AaiC secretion. A second T6SS was identified within the pheU PAI that secretes a protein unrelated by sequence identity to AaiC. Distribution studies indicated that aaiA and aaiC are commonly found in EAEC isolates worldwide, particularly in strains defined as typical EAEC. These data support the hypothesis that AggR is a global regulator of EAEC virulence determinants, and builds on the hypothesis that T6SS is an importance mediator of pathogenesis.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Islas Genómicas/genética , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos/métodos , Proteómica/métodos , Transactivadores/genética , Algoritmos , Biología Computacional , Electroforesis en Gel Bidimensional/métodos , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/patogenicidad , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Eliminación de Gen , Genoma Bacteriano/genética , Modelos Genéticos , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Transactivadores/metabolismo
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