RESUMEN
Specialized chemicals are used for intensifying food production, including boosting meat and crop yields. Among the applied formulations, antibiotics and pesticides pose a severe threat to the natural balance of the ecosystem, as they either contribute to the development of multidrug resistance among pathogens or exhibit ecotoxic and mutagenic actions of a persistent character. Recently, cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPPs) have emerged as promising technologies for degradation of these organic pollutants. CAPP-based technologies show eco-friendliness and potency for the removal of organic pollutants of diverse chemical formulas and different modes of action. For this reason, various types of CAPP-based systems are presented in this review and assessed in terms of their constructions, types of discharges, operating parameters, and efficiencies in the degradation of antibiotics and persistent organic pollutants. Additionally, the key role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) is highlighted. Moreover, optimization of the CAPP operating parameters seems crucial to effectively remove contaminants. Finally, the CAPP-related paths and technologies are further considered in terms of biological and environmental effects associated with the treatments, including changes in antibacterial properties and toxicity of the exposed solutions, as well as the potential of the CAPP-based strategies for limiting the spread of multidrug resistance.
Asunto(s)
Presión Atmosférica , Gases em Plasma , Gases em Plasma/química , Contaminantes Ambientales/química , Industria de Alimentos , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Compuestos Orgánicos/químicaRESUMEN
The presence of bacteria from the Dickeya spp. and Pectobacterium spp. in farmlands leads to global crop losses of over $420 million annually. Since 1982, the scientists have started to suspect that the development of disease symptoms in crops might be inhibited by bacteria present in the soil. Here, we characterized in terms of physicochemical properties and the composition of bacterial soil microbiota two fields differing, on the basis of long-term studies, in the occurrence of Dickeya spp.- and Pectobacterium spp.-triggered infections. Majority, i.e. 17 of the investigated physicochemical features of the soils collected from two fields of either low or high potato blackleg and soft rot diseases incidences turned out to be similar, in contrast to the observed 4 deviations in relation to Mg, Mn, organic C and organic substance contents. By performing microbial cultures and molecular diagnostics-based identification, 20 Pectobacterium spp. strains were acquired from the field showing high blackleg and soft rot incidences. In addition, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing followed by bioinformatic analysis revealed differences at various taxonomic levels in the soil bacterial microbiota of the studied fields. We observed that bacteria from the genera Bacillus, Rumeliibacillus, Acidobacterium and Gaiella turned out to be more abundant in the soil samples originating from the field of low comparing to high frequency of pectinolytic bacterial infections. In the herein presented case study, it is shown for the first time that the composition of bacterial soil microbiota varies between two fields differing in the incidences of soft rot and blackleg infections.