Outcomes of adults with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia treated with azacitidine and venetoclax compared to other therapies: a multicenter retrospective study.

This study reports characteristics and outcomes of adults who received Azacitidine-Venetoclax (AZA-VEN) compared to other salvage therapies (NO-AZA-VEN) as first salvage therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The clinical data of 81 patients with a diagnosis of relapsed or refractory AML were analyzed. The ORR was comparable for both groups (55% vs 57%, p = 0.852). Median OS (6.8 vs 11.2 months, p = 0.053) and median RFS (6.9 vs 11.2 months, p = 0.488) showed a trend in favor of the NO-AZA-VEN group. OS was significantly longer with NO-AZA-VEN for ELN 2022 risk category sub-group, patients under 60 years old, primary AML and for patients who underwent allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplant after salvage therapy. There was no statistical difference in complications of treatment such as febrile neutropenia, intensive care unit stay, septic shock and total parenteral nutrition. Those results do not support the preferential use of AZA-VEN over other regimens in R/R acute myeloid leukemia.

State legislators' beliefs about legislation that restricts youth access to tobacco products.

Better understanding of the cognitive framework for decision making among legislators is important for advocacy of health-promoting legislation. In 1994, the authors surveyed state legislators from North Carolina, Texas, and Vermont concerning their beliefs and intentions related to voting for a hypothetical measure to enforce legislation preventing the sale of tobacco to minors, using scales based on the theory of planned behavior. Attitude (importance), subjective norm (whether most people important to you would say you should or should not vote for the law), perceived behavioral control (ability to cast one's vote for the law), and home state were independently and significantly related to intention to vote for the law's enforcement. The results, including descriptive data concerning individual beliefs, suggest specific public health strategies to increase legislative support for passing legislation to restrict youth tobacco sales and, more generally, a framework for studying policy making and advocacy.