Long-Term Mesh Exposure 5 Years Following Minimally Invasive Total Hysterectomy and Sacrocolpopexy.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The objective was to assess long-term mesh complications following total hysterectomy and sacrocolpopexy. METHODS: In this second extension study, women from a multicenter randomized trial were followed for more than 36 months after surgery. Owing to COVID-19, participants were assessed through either in-person visits or telephone questionnaires. The primary outcome was the incidence of permanent suture or mesh exposure. Secondary outcomes included surgical success and late adverse outcomes. RESULTS: Out of the 200 initially enrolled participants, 82 women took part in this second extension study. Among them, 46 were in the permanent suture group, and 36 in the delayed absorbable group. The mean follow-up duration was 5.3 years, with the cumulative mesh or suture exposure of 9.9%, involving 18 cases, of which 4 were incident cases. Surgical success after more than 5 years stood at 95%, with few experiencing bothersome bulge symptoms or requiring retreatment. No serious adverse events occurred, including mesh erosion into the bladder or bowel. The most common adverse events were vaginal pain, bleeding, dyspareunia, and stress urinary incontinence, with no significant differences between suture types. CONCLUSION: The study found that mesh exposure risk gradually increased over time, reaching nearly 10% after more than 5 years post-surgery, regardless of suture type. However, surgical success remained high, and no delayed serious adverse events were reported.

Long-term mesh exposure after minimally invasive total hysterectomy and sacrocolpopexy.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The objective was to evaluate total and incident mesh exposure rates at least 2 years after minimally invasive total hysterectomy and sacrocolpopexy. Secondary aims were to evaluate surgical success and late adverse events. METHODS: This extension study included women previously enrolled in the multicenter randomized trial of permanent vs delayed-absorbable suture with lightweight mesh for > stage II uterovaginal prolapse. Owing to COVID-19, women were given the option of an in-person (questionnaires and examination) or telephone visit (questionnaires only). The primary outcome was total and incident suture or mesh exposure, or symptoms suggestive of mesh exposure in women without an examination. Secondary outcomes were surgical success, which was defined as no subjective bulge, no prolapse beyond the hymen, and no pelvic organ prolapse retreatment, and adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 182 out of 200 previously randomized participants were eligible for inclusion, of whom 106 (58%) women (78 in-person and 28 via questionnaire only) agreed to the extension study. At a mean of 3.9 years post-surgery, the rate of mesh or suture exposure was 7.7% (14 out of 182) of whom only 2 were incident cases reported after 1-year follow-up. None reported vaginal bleeding or discharge, dyspareunia, or penile dyspareunia. Surgical success was 93 out of 106 (87.7%): 13 out of 94 (13.8%) failed by bulge symptoms, 2 out of 78 (2.6%) by prolapse beyond the hymen, 1 out of 85 (1.2%) by retreatment with pessary, and 0 by retreatment with surgery. There were no serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of incident mesh exposure between 1 and 3.9 years post-surgery was low, success rates remained high, and there were no delayed serious adverse events.

Patient experience with enhanced recovery and early discharge after minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy: a qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to describe patient experiences with an enhanced recovery protocol (ERP) after minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy (SCP). METHODS: We conducted 14 semi-structured telephone interviews with women who had undergone SCP and were discharged the day of the surgery (POD#0, n = 7) or spent 1 night at the hospital (POD#1, n = 7). Interviews occurred between 2 and 6 weeks after surgery. We explored the following topics: patient preparedness, preoperative education, physical recovery, emotional recovery, and overall perception of the ERP. Interviewing continued until thematic saturation was achieved. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to identify relevant themes. RESULTS: Both POD#0 and POD#1 discharge patients reported largely positive experiences regarding their preparation for surgery, at-home recovery, and access to follow-up care. Yet for some patients, the accelerated pace of the ERP felt rushed and was perceived as an absence of care rather than as an advance in treatment. Patients that elected to stay the night lived farther from ready access to care, had less robust systems of postoperative support, and worried more about the management of their pre-existing conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Our research found that despite having consistently positive impressions of the ERP, patients shared common anxieties surrounding their surgeries including worries about access to care and the prospect of going home with a urinary catheter. Furthermore, we found that the therapeutic value of protocol recommendations such as early discharge must be made explicit to patients and often individualized to avoid being interpreted as sub-standard care.

Patient perceptions of same-day discharge after minimally invasive gynecologic and pelvic reconstructive surgery.

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that same-day discharge after minimally invasive gynecological and pelvic reconstructive surgery is safe and cost effective and does not result in increased readmissions when compared with inpatient surgery. However, few studies have assessed patient satisfaction with same-day discharge after minimally invasive gynecological and pelvic reconstructive surgery. Increased knowledge of patients' values allows for evidence-based, patient-centered perioperative care and guides perioperative counseling. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to evaluate patient perceptions of same-day discharge after minimally invasive gynecological and pelvic reconstructive surgery, to identify barriers to patient acceptance of same-day discharge, and to assess changes in patient acceptance before and after reading an evidence-based statement regarding same-day discharge. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional survey study. All English-speaking new patients presenting to a subspecialty, benign gynecological surgery clinic, including female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery and minimally invasive gynecologic surgery providers, were invited to participate. The survey included an evidence-based statement about same-day discharge. Participants were asked to rate their comfort with same-day discharge before and after reading this statement. RESULTS: Ninety-six percent of women (208 of 216) who were approached completed the study. The majority rated their overall health and mental or emotional health as good or very good (61.1% and 64.9%). Most (82.7%) completed at least some college. Most (86.1%) reported having at least 1 prior surgery and 68.8% reported same-day discharge after a prior surgery: 74.8% rated their prior experience with same-day discharge favorably. The majority of respondents (86.1%) reported they would feel comfortable with same-day discharge. The most important cited reasons for going home the same day as surgery included sleeping in own bed (73.4%) and being with family (61.8%). The most important cited reasons for staying overnight in the hospital included anticipated better pain control (58.9%) and decreased overall complications (43.0%). Forty percent believed it would be easier to take care of a catheter if needed in the hospital. Patients who reported living alone and those 65 years old and older were less likely to feel comfortable with same-day discharge (odds ratio, 0.39, 95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.91). Of the 29 patients who reported at baseline that they would not feel comfortable with same-day discharge, most (65.5%) changed their minds after reading an evidence-based statement about same-day discharge. When asked if their surgeon recommended it, almost all patients (96.1%) reported they would feel comfortable with same-day discharge. CONCLUSION: Among new patients presenting to a subspecialty, benign gynecologic surgery clinic including female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery and minimally invasive gynecological surgery providers, most perceive same-day discharge favorably following minimally invasive gynecological and pelvic reconstructive surgery. Women who live alone and those aged 65 years and older feel less comfortable with same-day discharge. While an evidence-based statement regarding the benefits and safety of same-day discharge further improves patient acceptance, direct surgeon counseling may be more important to establish discharge goals.

Two techniques for assessing postoperative voiding function, a randomized trial.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Post-operative voiding dysfunction is common after sling placement and is assessed with a voiding trial (VT) before discharge. We hypothesized that an operating room (OR) initiated retrograde VT (OR-fill) would decrease time to discharge compared with a post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) initiated retrograde VT (PACU-fill). METHODS: This was a parallel non-blinded randomized trial, of women undergoing outpatient sling surgery at a university hospital. In the OR-fill group, fill was initiated after sling placement during cystoscopy by leaving fluid in the bladder. In the PACU-fill group, fill was initiated in the PACU. Pre-VT volumes were recorded and a PVR ≤ 100 mL defined a passed VT. The primary outcome was total PACU time, defined as arrival in PACU until discharge home. RESULTS: Thirty women were assigned to the OR-fill group and 29 to the PACU-fill group. Time from PACU arrival to VT was shorter in the OR-fill group (41.5 [31.0, 69.3] min vs 69.0 [44.0, 107.0] min, p = 0.03), but total PACU time in the groups was similar (125.0 [90.5, 180.5] min vs 131.5 [93.5, 178.0] min, p = 0.76). Bladder volume before VT was greater in the OR-fill group (557.3 ± 187.3 mL vs 433.0 ± 171.2 mL, p = 0.01). VT pass rates of the two groups were not significantly different (OR-fill 16.7% vs PACU-fill 24.1%, p = 0.48). CONCLUSIONS: OR-fill VT did not decrease total PACU time compared with PACU-fill VT. No overdistension was seen in either group; transient postoperative voiding dysfunction was common.

Computer simulations of thermal tissue remodeling during transvaginal and transurethral laser treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A non-surgical method is being developed for treating female stress urinary incontinence by laser thermal remodeling of subsurface tissues with applied surface tissue cooling. Computer simulations of light transport, heat transfer, and thermal damage in tissue were performed, comparing transvaginal and transurethral approaches. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Monte Carlo (MC) simulations provided spatial distributions of absorbed photons in the tissue layers (vaginal wall, endopelvic fascia, and urethral wall). Optical properties (n,µa ,µs ,g) were assigned to each tissue at λ = 1064 nm. A 5-mm-diameter laser beam and incident power of 5 W for 15 seconds was used, based on previous experiments. MC output was converted into absorbed energy, serving as input for finite element heat transfer simulations of tissue temperatures over time. Convective heat transfer was simulated with contact probe cooling temperature set at 0°C. Variables used for thermal simulations (κ,c,ρ) were assigned to each tissue layer. MATLAB code was used for Arrhenius integral thermal damage calculations. A temperature matrix was constructed from ANSYS output, and finite sum was incorporated to approximate Arrhenius integral calculations. Tissue damage properties (Ea ,A) were used to compute Arrhenius sums. RESULTS: For the transvaginal approach, 37% of energy was absorbed in the endopelvic fascia target layer with 0.8% deposited beyond it. Peak temperature was 71°C, the treatment zone was 0.8-mm-diameter, and 2.4 mm of the 2.7-mm-thick vaginal wall was preserved. For transurethral approach, 18% energy was absorbed in endopelvic fascia with 0.3% deposited beyond the layer. Peak temperature was 80°C, treatment zone was 2.0-mm-diameter, and 0.6 mm of 2.4-mm-thick urethral wall was preserved. CONCLUSIONS: Computer simulations suggest that transvaginal approach is more feasible than transurethral approach. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:198-205, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Differences in recurrent prolapse at 1 year after total vs supracervical hysterectomy and robotic sacrocolpopexy.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Optimal management of the cervix at the time of hysterectomy and sacrocolpopexy for primary uterovaginal prolapse is unknown. Our hypothesis was that recurrent prolapse at 1 year would be more likely after a supracervical robotic hysterectomy (SRH) compared with a total robotic hysterectomy (TRH) at the time of robotic sacrocolpopexy (RSCP) for uterovaginal prolapse. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of 83 women who underwent hysterectomy with RSCP over a 24-month period (40 with TRH and 43 with SRH). At 1 year post-procedure, subjects completed validated questionnaires regarding pelvic floor symptoms, sexual function, and global satisfaction, and underwent a pelvic examination to identify mesh exposure and evaluate pelvic floor support. RESULTS: Demographics of the two groups were similar, except for a higher mean body mass index in the TRH group (31.9 TRH vs 25.8 SRH kg/m(2), p < 0.001). The rate of recurrent prolapse ≥ stage II was higher for women who underwent SRH compared with TRH (41.9 % vs 20.0 %, p = 0.03; OR 2.8, 95 % CI, 1.07-7.7). However, when this was analyzed as recurrence ≥ hymen, there was no difference between groups (12.5 % TRH vs 18.6 % SRH, p = 0.45). Likewise, there was no difference between groups when a composite measure of success was used (30 out of 40 [75 %] TRH vs 29 out of 43 [67.4 %] SRH, p = 0.45). CONCLUSIONS: Women who underwent an SRH were 2.8 times more likely to have a recurrent prolapse, ≥ stage II, at 1 year, compared with those who underwent a TRH, but when composite assessment scores were used there was no difference between the groups.

Implementation of a standardized digital rectal exam to improve the accuracy of rectocele diagnosis.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The standardized evaluation of posterior compartment prolapse using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) system is limited. The primary objective of this study is to develop and validate the interexaminer reliability of a new system for assessing the posterior vaginal wall for the presence of a rectocele. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of women presenting to an academic urogynecology clinic. Subjects underwent a routine pelvic examination that included a standard POP-Q followed by two Standardized Digital Rectal Exams (SDRE) by two different providers, each blinded to the other's results. The SDRE measures the distance from the leading edge of a posterior bulge to the hymen with a finger in the distal rectum - first visually and then an actual measured distance using a marked cotton swab (Q-tip measurement). Correlations between examiners for the SDRE and the POP-Q were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient (ρ). RESULTS: Eight attending and fellow urogynecologists examined 50 subjects. Mean age was 57.3 years, mean BMI 30.9 kg/m(2), with an overall median POP-Q stage 2 (range 0-3), and median posterior POP-Q stage 1 (range 0-3). Overall, 54 % of women had a noteworthy rectocele by typical digital rectal exam. Interexaminer correlations with SDRE for both the visual assessment (ρ = 0.697, p < 0.0001) and the Q-tip measurement (ρ = 0.767, p = p < 0.001) were strong. The intraexaminer visual assessment and the Q-tip measurement were highly correlated (ρ = 0.934, p = <0.001). CONCLUSION: This standardized rectal examination provides a consistent method for the reporting of distal rectoceles that can lend additional information to the POP-Q exam.

Overlapping sphincteroplasty and posterior repair.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Knowledge of how to anatomically reconstruct extensive posterior-compartment defects is variable among gynecologists. The objective of this video is to demonstrate an effective technique of overlapping sphincteroplasty and posterior repair. METHODS: In this video, a scripted storyboard was constructed that outlines the key surgical steps of a comprehensive posterior compartment repair: (1) surgical incision that permits access to posterior compartment and perineal body, (2) dissection of the rectovaginal space up to the level of the cervix, (3) plication of the rectovaginal muscularis, (4) repair of internal and external anal sphincters, and (5) reconstruction of the perineal body. Using a combination of graphic illustrations and live video footage, tips on repair are highlighted. RESULTS: The goals at the end of repair are to: (1) have improved vaginal caliber, (2) increase rectal tone along the entire posterior vaginal wall, (3) have the posterior vaginal wall at a perpendicular plane to the perineal body, (4) reform the hymenal ring, and (5) not have an overly elongated perineal body. CONCLUSION: This video provides a step-by-step guide on how to perform an overlapping sphincteroplasty and posterior repair.

Randomized trial of a web-based tool for prolapse: impact on patient understanding and provider counseling.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Effective patient/provider communication is important to ensure patient understanding, safety, and satisfaction. Our hypothesis was that interactive patient/provider counseling using a web-based tool (iPad application) would have a greater impact on patient satisfaction with understanding prolapse symptoms compared with standard counseling (SC). METHODS: Women with complaints of seeing/sensing a vaginal bulge were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. Participants completed pre- and postvisit Likert scale questionnaires on satisfaction with prolapse knowledge and related anxiety. After new patient histories and physical examinations, study participants were randomized to SC or SC with iPad. Ninety participants were required to detect a 30% difference in satisfaction with prolapse knowledge between the two groups. RESULTS: Ninety women were randomized to SC (n = 44) or SC with iPad (n = 46). At baseline, 47% of women were satisfied with their understanding of bulge symptoms (50% SC vs. 43.5% SC with iPad, p = 0.5). After counseling, 97% of women reported increased satisfaction with understanding of bulge symptoms (p < 0.0001), with no difference between groups [42/44 (95.5%) SC vs. 45/46 (97.8%) SC with iPad, p = 0.5]. Baseline anxiety was high: 70% (65.9% SC vs. 73.9% SC with iPad, p = 0.4). After counseling, anxiety decreased to 30% (p < 0.0001), with improvement in both groups (31.8% SC vs. 28.3% SC with iPad™, p = 0.7). Counseling times were similar between groups (9.5 min., SC vs. 8.9 min., SC with iPad, p = 0.4). CONCLUSIONS: Interactive counseling was associated with increased patient satisfaction with understanding bulge symptoms and decreased anxiety whether a web-based tool was used or not.

Risk factors for lower urinary tract injury at the time of hysterectomy for benign reasons.

OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors associated with lower urinary tract injury at the time of performing hysterectomy for benign indications. METHODS: We conducted a multi-center case-control study of women undergoing hysterectomy for benign disease. Cases were identified via ICD-9 codes for lower urinary tract injury at the time of hysterectomy from 2007 to 2011: controls were two subsequent hysterectomies following the index case in the same institution that did not have lower urinary tract injury. Logistic regression was used to perform univariate and multivariate comparisons between groups. RESULTS: At 7 centers, 135 cases and 270 controls were identified. Cases comprised 118 bladder injuries and 25 ureteral injuries; 8 women had both bladder and ureteral injury. Bladder injury was associated with a history of prior cesarean section OR 2.9 (95% CI 1.7-5), surgery by a general obstetrician and gynecologist OR 2.4 (95% CI 1.2-5.2), and total abdominal hysterectomy OR1.9 (95%CI 1.06-3.4). Ureteral injury was more likely among women who underwent laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) OR 10.4 (95%CI 2.3-46.6) and total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) OR 4.7 (95% CI 1.4-15.6). CONCLUSION: Bladder injury at the time of benign hysterectomy is associated with a prior history of Cesarean section and TAH as well as surgery by generalist OB-GYN; ureteral injury is associated with LAVH and TAH.

Vaginal versus robotic hysterectomy and concomitant pelvic support surgery: a comparison of postoperative vaginal length and sexual function.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the change from pre- to postoperative total vaginal length (TVL) in women who underwent either a total vaginal hysterectomy (TVH) with uterosacral ligament suspension (USLS) or a robotic hysterectomy (RH) with colpopexy (SCP). Secondary objectives included comparing sexual function, pelvic floor function, and prolapse recurrence between routes of surgery. DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: This was conducted at 1 tertiary academic medical center over a 2-year period. PATIENTS: Women who underwent either TVH/USLS or RH/SCP. INTERVENTIONS: Baseline and postoperative POP-Q Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification exams were recorded as well as postoperative validated questionnaires. Twenty-nine subjects were needed in each group to detect a 1.5-cm difference in TVL. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: There were 38 TVH/USLS and 46 RH/SCP participants. RHs were either total (28/46 [61%]) or supracervical (18/46 [39%]). The mean postoperative follow-up was 9.5 ± 3.1 months. For the primary outcome, women in the TVH/USLS group had a decrease in TVL, whereas women in the RH/SCP group had an increase in TVL (-0.6 ± 1.0 cm vs 0.5 ± 0.8 cm, p < .001). Among sexually active women (55/84, 65.5%), there was no difference in postoperative sexual function between groups based on Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire short form scores, with good sexual function in both groups (32.6 ± 6.2 TVH/USLS vs 35.1 ± 7.3 RH/SCP, p = .22). Although both groups showed good postoperative apical support, the TVH/USLS group had a slightly lower mean C point compared with the RH/SCP group (-6.8 ± 1.2 vs -7.7 ± 1.8, p = .02). Both groups showed good postoperative pelvic floor function, with no difference in mean postoperative Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory scores (42.2 ± 45.4 vs 52.7 ± 46.6, p = .44). Recurrent prolapse (defined as any prolapse at or beyond the hymen) was not different between groups (13.2% for TVH/USLS vs 6.5% for RH/SCP, p = .46). CONCLUSION: Vaginal length decreased after vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic support surgery compared with RH with pelvic support surgery, with no differences in postoperative sexual function or pelvic floor function between groups.

Short-term mesh exposure after robotic sacrocolpopexy with and without concomitant hysterectomy.

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to compare the short-term rate of mesh exposure after a robotic sacrocolpopexy (RSCP) compared with those after RSCP with a concomitant hysterectomy. Secondary objectives included a comparison of mesh exposure from total hysterectomies (TH) versus supracervical hysterectomies (SCH) and determination of risk factors for mesh exposure. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of women who underwent RSCP between January 2009 and December 2011 at one academic center. The primary outcome was mesh exposure at 6 weeks postoperation. Subjects were divided into two groups: those with concomitant hysterectomy and those with RSCP alone. The hysterectomy group was subdivided into TH versus SCH. Mesh exposures and mesh revision procedures were identified using International Classification of Diseases-9 and CPT codes, respectively, and confirmed by chart review. RESULTS: There were 230 eligible women who underwent RSCP during the study period and were followed up at a 6-week postoperative visit; 118 (51.7%) had RSCP only and 112 (48.7%) had a concomitant hysterectomy. Of those who underwent hysterectomy, 79 patients (70.5%) had TH and 33 (29.5%) had SCH. There were nine (3.9%) mesh exposures attributed to RSCP. The difference between the RSCP + hysterectomy group and the RSCP-only group was 2.7% versus 5.1% (P = 0.50). The 2.7% of mesh exposures in the hysterectomy group were associated with TH and none with SCH, but this difference was not significant (P = 0.55). CONCLUSIONS: Although mesh exposure with RSCP is low, serious morbidity can be associated with mesh use and appropriate preoperative counseling is critical.

Barbed Versus Nonbarbed Suture for Posterior Colporrhaphy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

IMPORTANCE: There is limited literature or even consensus on the suture material used for posterior vaginal repairs. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare outcomes of barbed versus nonbarbed delayed absorbable suture used for posterior colporrhaphy. STUDY DESIGN: This study conducted a randomized controlled trial of 72 women undergoing posterior repair using standardized technique-concurrent procedures permitted with barbed (n = 36) or nonbarbed (n = 36) suture. Standardized examinations, validated questionnaires, and a visual analog scale (VAS) were completed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 months, and a telephone interview was conducted at 6 months. The primary outcome was posterior compartment pain at 6 weeks, measured by a VAS. RESULTS: Seventy-two women enrolled, with follow-up rates 6 weeks (100%), 6 months (90.3%), and 12 months (73.6%). Demographics were similar between groups. A VAS with movement was not different between groups at 6 weeks. The odds of experiencing vaginal pain, having myofascial pain on examination, or being sexually active postoperatively were not different between the groups. There were no differences in the length of posterior colporrhaphy, surgical times, or hospital length of stay between the groups. Suture passes were lower in the nonbarbed group (median, 4 vs 7; P = <0.001), and suture burden was higher in the nonbarbed group (median, 26.9 vs 10.5 cm; P = <0.001). There was overall improvement in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory Short Form 20 prolapse and colorectal subscores but no differences between groups. Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire Short Form 12 scores improved, and dyspareunia decreased at 6 and 12 months in both groups. In addition, there were few anatomic recurrences at 6 weeks (0%) and 12 months (3.4%) and few adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: This study found no differences in primary or secondary outcomes; however, both suture types resulted in clinical improvements in quality-of-life measures and sexual function.

Estimating the early impact of the FDA safety communication on the use of surgical mesh.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the early impact of the July 2011 Food and Drug Administration Safety Communication on the practice patterns of gynecologic surgeons using surgical mesh to manage pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed by administering a mesh usage questionnaire to physician attendees at the opening session of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists Global Congress of Minimally Invasive Gynecology in November 2011. RESULTS: Of the 827 physicians attending the opening session of the conference, 281 (34%) completed the questionnaire, 202 (72%) of whom reported performing surgery for POP and/or SUI. The respondents were attending physicians (83.4%) with at least 10 years of experience (65.7%), 136 (71.1%) identifying themselves as General Gynecology, 29 (17.3%) as Urogynecology, 13 (7.1%) as Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, and 3 (1.8%) as Urology. When compared with generalists, specialists were more likely to use mesh for abdominal (86% vs 56.3%, P < 0.001) and vaginal (65.9% vs 37.2%, P = 0.001) POP repair. Specialists reported using mesh for the anterior compartment (50% vs 28.3%, P = 0.01) and the posterior compartment (36.4% vs 12.5%, P = 0.001), and total vaginal mesh kits (13.6% vs 1.7%, P = 0.005). Respondents reported an increase in mesh use for primary abdominal POP repair (82 vs 92, P = 0.013) and a decrease in mesh use for recurrent vaginal POP repair (99 vs 75, P < 0.001), with more surgeons opting against mesh for recurrent POP (49 vs 74, P < 0.001). For patient counseling, 53.7% reported changing their methods. CONCLUSIONS: In a self-selected sample of pelvic surgeons, we noted that the 2011 FDA Safety Communication had an impact, with changes in mesh usage and counseling patterns.

A resident robotic curriculum utilizing self-selection and a web-based feedback tool.

To describe an obstetrics and gynecology residency robotic curriculum, facilitated by a web-based feedback and case-tracking tool, allowing for self-selection into advanced training. Phase I (Basic) was required for all residents and included online training modules, online assessment, and robotic bedside assistant dry lab. Phase II (Advanced) was elective console training. Before live surgery, 10 simulation drills completed to proficiency were required. A web-based tool was used for surgical feedback and case-tracking. Online assessments, drill reports, objective GEARS assessments, subjective feedback, and case-logs were reviewed (7/2018-6/2019). A satisfaction survey was reviewed. Twenty four residents completed Phase I training and 10 completed Phase II. To reach simulation proficiency, residents spent a median of 4.1 h performing required simulation drills (median of 10 (3, 26) attempts per drill) before live surgery. 128 post-surgical feedback entries were completed after performance as bedside assistant (75%, n = 96) and console surgeon (5.5%, n = 7). The most common procedure was hysterectomy 111/193 (58%). Resident console surgeons performed portions of 32 cases with a mean console time of 34.6 ± 19.5 min. Mean GEARS score 20.6 ± 3.7 (n = 28). Mean non-technical feedback results: communication (4.2 ± 0.8, n = 61), workload management (3.9 ± 0.9, n = 54), team skills (4.3 ± 0.8, n = 60). Residents completing > 50% of case assessed as "apprentice" 38.5% or "competent" 23% (n = 13). After curriculum change, 100% of surveyed attendings considered residents prepared for live surgical training, vs 17% (n = 6) prior to curriculum change [survey response rate 27/44 (61%)]. Attendings and residents were satisfied with curriculum; 95% and recommended continued use 90% (n = 19).This two-phase robotic curriculum allows residents to self-select into advanced training, alleviating many challenges of graduated robotic training.

In-Person Versus Video Preoperative Visit: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE: This study further supports virtual visits for gynecologic preoperative care. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine if preoperative video visits are noninferior to in-person visits in pelvic reconstructive surgery. Secondary objectives are as follows: patient satisfaction, convenience, visit duration, total perioperative visits, and patient travel time/distance. STUDY DESIGN: Noninferiority randomized-controlled trial of patients undergoing pelvic reconstructive surgery randomized to in-person or video counseling. The primary outcome was a composite score on the Preoperative Preparedness Questionnaire. RESULTS: Demographics were similar except for higher body mass index (BMI) in the video group (29.5 vs 26.3; P = 0.01), and fewer patients in the video group used text messaging for health care delivery (40.7% vs 59.3%, P = 0.04). Video visits were noninferior to in-person visits in Preoperative Preparedness Questionnaire scores (62.5 ± 4.6 vs 63.0 ± 3.6; difference = 0.5; 95% confidence interval, -0.8, □). There was no difference in "strongly agree" response to question 11, "Overall, I feel prepared for my upcoming surgery" (79.6% vs 88.9%, P = 0.19). Satisfaction was higher for video visits based on composite Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Surgical Care Survey scores (31.3 ± 1.5 vs 30.5 ± 2, P = 0.02). Video visits were more convenient (100% vs 85.2%, P < 0.01), of shorter duration for patients (39.3 ± 14.0 minutes vs 55.9 ± 18.9 minutes; P < 0.01), and similar length for health care providers (28.8 ± 9.6 minutes vs 28.2 ± 9.8 minutes; P = 0.77). The video visit group had fewer office visits (2.0 vs 3.0, P < 0.01) and traveled 66 minutes ( P < 0.01) and 28 miles ( P < 0.01) less. CONCLUSION: Preoperative video visits are noninferior to in-person visits for preparing patients for pelvic reconstructive surgery.

Long-Term Pain After Minimally Invasive Total Hysterectomy and Sacrocolpopexy.

IMPORTANCE: There are limited long-term data on patient-reported pain after surgical treatment of uterovaginal prolapse. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate pain in women undergoing minimally invasive total hysterectomy and sacrocolpopexy with a lightweight polypropylene Y-mesh (Upsylon) >2 years after surgery. STUDY DESIGN: This is a planned secondary analysis of a 5-site randomized trial comparing permanent versus absorbable suture for vaginal attachment of a lightweight polypropylene Y-mesh during total laparoscopic hysterectomy and sacrocolpopexy in women with stage ≥2 uterovaginal prolapse. Our primary outcome was patient-reported pain or dyspareunia at >2 years. RESULTS: Of the 185 participants eligible for enrollment in the e-PACT study, 106 enrolled; 98 participants (96%) completed either in-person examinations or study questionnaires regarding pain and are included in this analysis. At >2 years, 28% reported any pain: 14% reported dyspareunia on questionnaires, 5% reported pelvic pain on questionnaires, and 14% of those who had an in-person examination reported pain. Of participants who reported pain or dyspareunia at baseline before surgery, 59% reported resolution of their symptoms >2 years. On multiple logistic regression controlling for age and baseline pain or dyspareunia, baseline pain or dyspareunia was associated with a nearly 3-fold increased risk of reporting any pain >2 years (adjusted odds ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-6.9). No women had repeat surgical intervention for pain. CONCLUSIONS: Although 60% of women report pain resolution >2 years after surgery, de novo pain was present in 1 of 5 women. Baseline history of pain or dyspareunia is the only factor associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing pain >2 years after surgery.

Validation of a Simulation Model for Robotic Sacrocolpopexy.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to validate a simulation model for robotic sacrocolpopexy (RSCP) that includes multiple steps: presacral dissection/mesh attachment, vaginal mesh attachment, and peritoneal closure. METHODS: An RSCP training model was developed. Female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (FPMRS) experts and current FPMRS fellows were videotaped using the model; sessions were timed and scored using the Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS) by 3 surgeon reviewers masked to participants' identities. Construct validity was measured by comparing performance on the model between experts and trainees. Interrater reliability was determined by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients for total GEARS scores. Face validity was assessed by a postprocedure questionnaire. RESULTS: Experts included 9 board-certified FPMRS physicians experienced in RSCP; trainees were 17 fellows. Experts practiced at 7 different institutions in the United States, and the majority (5/7) taught fellows. Trainees were from 7 institutions and in various years of training: postgraduate year (PGY) 5 (n = 6), PGY 6 (n = 5), and PGY 7 (n = 6). Experts' performances were rated significantly higher for total GEARS scores and for relevant domains of the GEARS scale. Intraclass correlation coefficient for the 3 reviewer pairs (0.96-0.99) indicated high interrater reliability. All participants "agreed/strongly agreed" that the model closely approximated live RSCP surgery and was useful for teaching and learning the procedure, indicating high face validity. CONCLUSIONS: This novel, multistep simulation model demonstrated construct validity and high interrater reliability. Face validity was also established. Consequently, this RSCP model could be used for surgical training and assessment of these discrete surgical skill steps.

Retropubic and transobturator slings: still useful or should all patients be treated with mini-slings?

Traditional retropubic and transobturator midurethral slings are reliable, safe, and effective treatments for stress urinary incontinence. Unfortunately, they also are associated with rare but severe complications, such as bladder or bowel perforation, vascular injury, nerve damage, and/or groin muscle pain that can occur with the blind passage of trocars. To maintain efficacy and patient satisfaction while avoiding such complications, minimally invasive mini-slings have been developed. These smaller mini-slings can be placed through a single vaginal incision at the level of the midurethra without trocars. Mini-slings often are performed as an outpatient surgery, with minimal morbidity, pain, and quick patient recovery. With continued refinement and surgeon experience, mini-slings potentially may be performed safely in the office setting under local anesthesia while maintaining the efficacy of traditional slings.