RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Non vital bleaching is simple, conservative procedure for esthetic correction of discolored endodontically treated teeth. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the amount of peroxide leakage from four different bleaching agents i.e superoxol, sodium perborate, combination of superoxol & sodium perborate and carbamide peroxide during intracoronal bleaching, as the safe and effective bleaching is the need of the hour. MATERIALS & METHODS: 50 extracted maxillary centrals were selected for the study. Following standardized protocol access, cleaning and shaping by step back technique and obturation was done using guttapercha and AH plus sealer. Access was sealed with Cavit G and outer root surface was coated with wax and nail varnish. The teeth were separated into crown and root and the root portion was placed in plastic tube containing distilled water for 7days.After incubation, 3mm of gutta-percha was removed below CEJ and 2mm glass ionomer cement base was placed. Grouped into five categories based on the bleaching agent placed in pulp chamber as -group1 (control)-distilled water, group 2-sodium perborate with distilled water , group 3- 30% hydrogen peroxide ,group 4-mixture of sodium perborate and 30% hydrogen peroxide and group 5-10% carbamide peroxide gel. Peroxide leakage was measured after 24hrs using ferrothiocyanate method and optical density using spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using ANOVA and multiple comparisons within the groups was done using BONFERRONI method (Post-Hoc tests). RESULTS: The results showed highest peroxide penetration from 30% hydrogen peroxide followed by mixture of sodium perborate with 30% hydrogen peroxide, mixture of sodium perborate with distilled water and least penetration from 10% carbamide peroxide gel. The results were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Radicular peroxide leakage in 10% carbamide peroxide was significantly lower than the other tested bleaching agents making it a very safe alternative for intracoronal bleaching. How to cite this article: Madhu KS, Hegde S, Mathew S, Lata DA, Bhandi SH, Shruthi N. Comparison of Radicular Peroxide Leakage from four Commonly used Bleaching agents following Intracoronal Bleaching in Endodontically treated teeth - An In Vitro Study. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(4):49-55.
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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The bacterial strains that cause symptomatic urinary tract infections possess diverse distinctive properties that enable them to overcome the local host defenses. In Escherichia coli, virulence results from the cumulative impact of several virulence factors, which can vary according to the patient populations. Hence, a study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of the virulence factors in the E.coli isolates which were isolated from pregnant woman, catheterized patients and from the stool samples of healthy individuals. METHODS: A total of 93 E.coli isolates were obtained from symptomatic cases of urinary tract infections and 31 E.coli faecal isolates were obtained from apparently healthy individuals and they were tested for haemolysin production, mannose resistant haemagglutination to indicate P fimbriae, cell surface hydrophobicity, and the gelatinase enzyme. RESULTS: Among the 93 E.coli isolates from the cases group, 39(41.9%) were haemolytic, 38(40.9%) were MRHA positive, 29(31.2%) were hydrophobic and 18(19.4%) were positive for gelatinase. Among the 31 controls, 01(3.2%) were haemolytic, 02(6.5%) were MRHA positive and 03(9.7%) were hydrophobic and none of the isolates were positive for gelatinase. The difference between the cases and the control group was significant (P<0.001).Multiple virulence factors were observed in 10% of the isolates. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that the expression of the virulence factors was more in the urinary isolates of the antenatal cases and in the catheterized patients as compared to the faecal isolates.