A structural model of goal orientation in sports: personal and contextual variables.

The following paper first introduces, and then goes on to test a structural model for goal orientation in sports that involves both personal and contextual variables. 511 subjects participated in this study, male and female athletes who play a variety of sports (352 men and 159 women). They ranged in age from 16 to 45-years old and completed the TEOSQ (Balaguer, Tomás & Castillo's version, 1995), the POSQ (Treasure & Roberts, 1994), the PMCSQ-II (Newton & Duda, 1993), the Beliefs about the Causes of Success in Sports Questionnaire, and the Participation Motivation Inventory (Gill, Goss & Huddleston, 1983). The results of this sample show that success attribution and motivational climate are involved in determining goal orientation in sports. However, the model does present certain differences according to the type of sport practiced (individual versus team sport).

[Association of FTO gene polymorphisms and morbid obesity in the population of Extremadura (Spain)]. / Asociación de polimorfismos en el gen FTO con la obesidad mórbida en la población extremeña.

OBJECTIVE: To select individuals whose morbid obesity can be attributed mainly to their individual genetic profile. After excluding patients with potential monogenic syndromes or diseases associated with obesity, we evaluated the association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1861868 and rs9939609 of the fat-mass and obesity-associated FTO gene with an inherited predisposition to morbid obesity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated 270 patients with morbid obesity and onset before the age of 14 years and selected 194 due to their phenotypes and family history; 289 control individuals were included. The rs1861868 and rs9939609 variants, located in the FTO gene, were genotyped. Genotype and haplotype frequencies were compared between cases and controls. RESULTS: The A allele of rs9939609 was associated with severe obesity starting in childhood among the Spanish population. The rs1861868 G/rs9939609 A haplotype of the FTO gene was also significantly associated with severe obesity in our population, with an odds ratio of 3.03 (95% confidence interval, 1.74-5.27). CONCLUSION: Analysis of the genetic basis of obesity requires rigorous selection of cases. In this study, the association of the rs9939609 SNP with obesity widely described in distinct populations was confirmed among overweight Spanish children. Genotyping rs1861868 allowed us to identify the first risk haplotype in the FTO gene, which is located in the adjacent haplotype block containing rs9939609. In-depth study of the variability of the FTO gene is essential to define its deleterious capacity.

Diferencias de metas deportivas entre estudiantes de educación física y deportistas: análisis de la invarianza del modelo entre ellos / Differences of Sport Goals between Students of Physical Education and Sportsmen: Analysis of the Invariance of Model among them

El objetivo de este estudio es averiguar si hay diferencias en las metas deportivas en función de que la actividad física se realice en contextos escolares o de competiciones deportivas. Participan 574 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, entre los 11 y 17 años, y 511 deportistas, entre los 16 y 45 años, quienes responden al Cuestionario de Orientación a la Tarea y al Ego en el Deporte. Los resultados permiten confirmar el modelo teórico y muestran que, tanto en las orientaciones de meta a la tarea y al ego, las puntuaciones medias resultan más elevadas en el caso de los deportistas. Mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo se encuentran algunas diferencias relevantes que son discutidas.

The purpose of this study is to determine if there are differences in the function of sports goals whether the physical activity is done in school settings or competitions. Five hundred and seventy-four students of Obligatory Secondary Education took part on this study, aged between 11 and 17, and 511 athletes, aged between 16 and 45 years, who answer to the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire. The results confirm the theoretical model and show that the average scores are higher in the case of athletes, in both cases goal orientations to the task and ego. Through a confirmatory multi group factorial analysis some relevant differences are found that have been discussed.

A structural model of goal orientation in sports: personal and contextual variables

The following paper first introduces, and then goes on to test a structural model for goal orientation in sports that involves both personal and contextual variables. 511 subjects participated in this study, male and female athletes who play a variety of sports (352 men and 159 women). They ranged in age from 16 to 45-years old and completed the TEOSQ (Balaguer, Tomás & Castillo’s version, 1995), the POSQ (Treasure & Roberts, 1994), the PMCSQ-II (Newton & Duda, 1993), the Beliefs about the Causes of Success in Sports Questionnaire, and the Participation Motivation Inventory (Gill, Goss & Huddleston, 1983). The results of this sample show that success attribution and motivational climate are involved in determining goal orientation in sports. However, the model does present certain differences according to the type of sport practiced (individual versus team sport) (AU)

En este artículo se propone y se somete a prueba un modelo causal sobre las orientaciones de meta en el deporte que tiene en cuenta variables contextuales y personales. Participan 511 deportistas procedentes de distintas modalidades deportivas (352 hombres y 159 mujeres). Su rango de edad está comprendido entre los 16 y los 45 años, y han cumplimentado distintas escalas como el TEOSQ (en la versión de Balaguer, Tomás y Castillo, 1995), el POSQ (Treasure & Roberts, 1994), el PMCSQ-II (Newton & Duda, 1993) que miden creencias sobre las causas de éxito deportivo, y el cuestionario de Motivos para la Práctica Deportiva (Gill, Goss y Huddleston, 1983). Los resultados indican que las atribuciones para el éxito y el clima motivacional son determinantes de las orientaciones de meta para el deporte. Sin embargo, el modelo presenta ciertas diferencias de acuerdo con el tipo de deporte practicado (individual-grupal) (AU)

Asociación de polimorfismos en el gen FTO con la obesidad mórbida en la población extremeña / Association of FTO gene polymorphisms and morbid obesity in the population of Extremadura (Spain)

ObjetivoSeleccionar individuos cuya obesidad mórbida (OM) se pueda atribuir preferentemente al perfil genético individual. Tras descartar pacientes con posibles síndromes monogénicos y otras enfermedades con obesidad asociada, evaluar la asociación de la variabilidad del gen FTO (asociado con la masa grasa y la obesidad), sobre la base de los polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido (SNP) con rs1861868 y rs9939609, con la predisposición heredada a padecer OM.Pacientes y métodosTras evaluar a 270 pacientes con OM instaurada antes de los 14 años, seleccionamos a 194 por su fenotipo y la historia familiar referida; se incluyó a 289 individuos controles. Se genotiparon los cambios en el SNP rs1861868 y rs9939609 del gen FTO, y comparamos sus frecuencias genotípicas y haplotípicas en ambos grupos poblacionales.ResultadosSe confirmó la asociación del alelo A del SNP rs9939609 con la obesidad grave instaurada en la infancia en la población española. Los individuos portadores del haplotipo rs1861868 G/rs9939609 A del gen FTO mostraron un incremento del riesgo (odds ratio de 3,03; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 1,74–5,27) a padecer obesidad mórbida en nuestra población.ConclusiónAnalizar las bases genéticas de la obesidad precisa una rigurosa selección de los casos. La asociación del SNP rs9939609 con la obesidad, ampliamente descrita en distintas poblaciones, se confirma en la población española. Identificamos el primer haplotipo de riesgo al analizar el SNP rs1861868 del bloque haplotípico contiguo al que contiene el primero. Es preciso estudiar en profundidad la variabilidad interindividual del gen FTO para identificar la causa de su capacidad deletérea a la enfermedad (AU)

ObjectiveTo select individuals whose morbid obesity can be attributed mainly to their individual genetic profile. After excluding patients with potential monogenic syndromes or diseases associated with obesity, we evaluated the association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1861868 and rs9939609 of the fat-mass and obesity-associated FTO gene with an inherited predisposition to morbid obesity.Patients and methodsWe evaluated 270 patients with morbid obesity and onset before the age of 14 years and selected 194 due to their phenotypes and family history; 289 control individuals were included. The rs1861868 and rs9939609 variants, located in the FTO gene, were genotyped. Genotype and haplotype frequencies were compared between cases and controls.ResultsThe A allele of rs9939609 was associated with severe obesity starting in childhood among the Spanish population. The rs1861868 G/rs9939609 A haplotype of the FTO gene was also significantly associated with severe obesity in our population, with an odds ratio of 3.03 (95% confidence interval, 1.74–5.27).ConclusionAnalysis of the genetic basis of obesity requires rigorous selection of cases. In this study, the association of the rs9939609 SNP with obesity widely described in distinct populations was confirmed among overweight Spanish children. Genotyping rs1861868 allowed us to identify the first risk haplotype in the FTO gene, which is located in the adjacent haplotype block containing rs9939609. In-depth study of the variability of the FTO gene is essential to define its deleterious capacity (AU)