Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder Presenting as Head Titubation: A Rare Case Report.

Functional neurological symptom disorder (FND), previously known as conversion disorder, is a condition identified by neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by neurological disease or other medical conditions. FND typically presents with speech disturbances, visual disturbances, paralysis, somatic symptoms like myalgia, and chronic fatigue. This case report describes a case of a 44-year-old female, who presented with dysmenorrhea and had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy and manifested as head titubation which was a conversion reaction. On evaluation, it was revealed that the patient had chronic depression and pain. This case report highlights a rare presentation of FND.

A Sting in the Tale: Spurious Erythrocytosis Following Bee Stings Mimicking Gaisböck's Syndrome.

All around the world, bee stings are rather common and can be deadly, leading to the development of angioedema. Bee venom comprises a variety of physiologically active compounds and enzymes that can occasionally be lethal, producing both local and systemic reactions. Multiple stings can result in toxic shock syndrome with systemic symptoms, while simple stings might induce moderate reactions such as skin rash and urticaria, and sometimes even anaphylaxis. Angioedema and local plasma extravasation are caused by localized changes in the permeability of postcapillary venules and subcutaneous or submucosal capillaries in response to mediators such as histamine and bradykinin. Gaisböck's syndrome is a disorder marked by an apparent increase in red blood cell mass without an actual increase in red cell volume. It is sometimes referred to as stress polycythemia or pseudopolycythemia. This disorder frequently results from a decrease in plasma volume, which causes the concentration of red blood cells to seem higher than usual. The increase in diastolic blood pressure appears to be connected to the decrease in plasma volume. There is still uncertainty about the nature and classification of the syndrome, and the abundance of synonyms exacerbates the confusion. Gaisböck's syndrome has a complex pathophysiology and multiple clinical problems, which improve our understanding of the causes of erythrocytosis during patient examination. This report features a 47-year-old man who had multiple bee stings and developed relative erythrocytosis. After receiving treatment, the patient was reportedly doing well.