RESUMEN
A series of dual-targeting, alcohol-containing benzothiazoles has been identified with superior antibacterial activity and drug-like properties. Early lead benzothiazoles containing carboxylic acid moieties showed efficacy in a well-established in vivo model, but inferior drug-like properties demanded modifications of functionality capable of demonstrating superior efficacy. Eliminating the acid group in favor of hydrophilic alcohol moieties at C(5), as well as incorporating solubilizing groups at the C(7) position of the core ring provided potent, broad-spectrum Gram-positive antibacterial activity, lower protein binding, and markedly improved efficacy in vivo.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Benzotiazoles/química , Benzotiazoles/farmacología , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/efectos de los fármacos , ADN Superhelicoidal/efectos de los fármacos , Haemophilus influenzae/efectos de los fármacos , Alcoholes/química , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Antibacterianos/química , Benzotiazoles/síntesis química , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Staphylococcus , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The discovery and optimisation of a new class of benzothiazole small molecules that inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are described. Antibacterial properties have been demonstrated by activity against DNA gyrase ATPase and potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae. Further refinements to the scaffold designed to enhance drug-likeness included analogues bearing an α-substituent to the carboxylic acid group, resulting in excellent solubility and favourable pharmacokinetic properties.
Asunto(s)
Benzotiazoles/química , Benzotiazoles/farmacología , Topoisomerasa de ADN IV/antagonistas & inhibidores , Diseño de Fármacos , Ácidos Isonipecóticos/química , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa II/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa II/farmacología , Animales , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Benzotiazoles/síntesis química , Girasa de ADN/química , Girasa de ADN/metabolismo , Topoisomerasa de ADN IV/metabolismo , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Enterococcus faecalis/enzimología , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Haemophilus influenzae/efectos de los fármacos , Haemophilus influenzae/enzimología , Semivida , Ratones , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Ratas , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/enzimología , Streptococcus pyogenes/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus pyogenes/enzimología , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa II/química , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa II/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
The disruption of the human immunolobulin E-high affinity receptor I (IgE-FcεRI) protein-protein interaction (PPI) is a validated strategy for the development of anti asthma therapeutics. Here, we describe the synthesis of an array of conformationally constrained cyclic peptides based on an epitope of the A-B loop within the Cε3 domain of IgE. The peptides contain various tolan (i.e., 1,2-biarylethyne) amino acids and their fully and partially hydrogenated congeners as conformational constraints. Modest antagonist activity (IC(50) â¼660 µM) is displayed by the peptide containing a 2,2'-tolan, which is the one predicted by molecular modeling to best mimic the conformation of the native A-B loop epitope in IgE.
Asunto(s)
Aminoácidos/química , Aminoácidos/síntesis química , Epítopos/química , Epítopos/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/química , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Péptidos Cíclicos/química , Péptidos Cíclicos/síntesis química , Receptores de IgE/química , Receptores de IgE/inmunología , Aminoácidos/inmunología , Dicroismo Circular , Humanos , Hidrogenación , Concentración 50 InhibidoraRESUMEN
The total syntheses of (+/-)-aspercyclide A (1) and its C19 methyl ether (15a) featuring Heck-Mizoroki macrocyclisation to form the 11-membered (E)-styrenyl biaryl ether lactone core are described.