Association with sagittal alignment and osteoporosis-related fractures in outpatient women with osteoporosis.

The baseline sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and pelvic tilt (PT) are independent risk factors of osteoporosis-related fractures in women with osteoporosis. We clarified the SVA and PT to predict the incidence of osteoporosis-related fractures. PURPOSE: Sagittal alignment with osteoporosis women deteriorates with advancing age and sagittal alignment may indicate osteoporosis-related fractures in the future. However, whether the sagittal alignment predicts future osteoporosis-related fracture in patients with osteoporosis has not been clarified. We aimed to investigate the association between sagittal alignment and future osteoporosis-related fractures. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study. Of the 313 participants (mean follow-up period, 2.9 years), 236 were included in the analysis. At baseline, we measured bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), thoracic kyphosis, pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis, sacral slope, pelvic tilt (PT), geriatric locomotive function scale (GLFS), two-step value, and stand-up test. The information on medications and the duration of treatment were reviewed from the medical records. Additionally, participants reported their history of falls at baseline. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association of future osteoporosis-related fracture, and adjusted Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated with all predictors as covariates. All continuous variables were calculated using standardized OR (sOR). RESULTS: Osteoporosis-related fractures occurred in 33 of 313 participants (10.5%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a history of falls (OR =4.092, 95% CI: 1.029-16.265, p =0.045), SVA (sOR =4.228, 95% CI: 2.118-8.439, p <0.001), and PT (sOR =2.497, 95% CI: 1.087-5.733, p =0.031) were independent risk factors for future osteoporosis-related fractures. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed the SVA and PT to predict osteoporosis-related fractures. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE OF REGISTRATION: UMIN000036516 (April 1, 2019).

Comparison of the quantitative dry culture methods with both conventional media and most probable number method for the enumeration of coliforms and Escherichia coli/coliforms in food.

Sanita-kun™ CC (coliform count) and EC (Escherichia coli/coliform count), sheet quantitative culture systems which can avoid chromogenic interference by lactase in food, were evaluated in comparison with conventional methods for these bacteria. Based on the results of inclusivity and exclusivity studies using 77 micro-organisms, sensitivity and specificity of both Sanita-kun™ met the criteria for ISO 16140. Both media were compared with deoxycholate agar, violet red bile agar, Merck Chromocult™ coliform agar (CCA), 3M Petrifilm™ CC and EC (PEC) and 3-tube MPN, as reference methods, in 100 naturally contaminated food samples. The correlation coefficients of both Sanita-kun™ for coliform detection were more than 0·95 for all comparisons. For E. coli detection, Sanita-kun™ EC was compared with CCA, PEC and MPN in 100 artificially contaminated food samples. The correlation coefficients for E. coli detection of Sanita-kun™ EC were more than 0·95 for all comparisons. There were no significant differences in all comparisons when conducting a one-way analysis of variance (anova). Both Sanita-kun™ significantly inhibited colour interference by lactase when inhibition of enzymatic staining was assessed using 40 natural cheese samples spiked with coliform. Our results demonstrated Sanita-kun™ CC and EC are suitable alternatives for the enumeration of coliforms and E. coli/coliforms, respectively, in a variety of foods, and specifically in fermented foods. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Current chromogenic media for coliforms and Escherichia coli/coliforms have enzymatic coloration due to breaking down of chromogenic substrates by food lactase. The novel sheet culture media which have film layer to avoid coloration by food lactase have been developed for enumeration of coliforms and E. coli/coliforms respectively. In this study, we demonstrated these media had comparable performance with reference methods and less interference by food lactase. These media have a possibility not only to be useful alternatives but also to contribute for accurate enumeration of these bacteria in a variety of foods, and specifically in fermented foods.

Restoration of shoulder function and elbow flexion by nerve transfer for poliomyelitis-like paralysis caused by enterovirus 71 infection.

We report the case of an eight-month-old girl who presented with a poliomyelitis-like paralysis in her left upper limb caused by enterovirus 71 infection. She recovered useful function after nerve transfers performed six months after the onset of paralysis. Early neurotisation can be used successfully in the treatment of poliomyelitis-like paralysis in children.

The relationship between pre-operative symptoms, operative findings and postoperative complications in schwannomas.

This study presents a retrospective review of the management of schwannomas in the limbs and examines the relationship between pre-operative clinical examination, operative findings and postoperative neurological complications. Eighteen tumours with a histological diagnosis of schwannoma in 17 patients who underwent surgery between 1998 and 2004 were the basis of this study. Enucleation of the tumour was possible in 14 cases. None of these patients had neurological complications pre-operatively but eight had mild neurological complications postoperatively. The complications consisted of sensory deficit in five cases, motor weakness in one and both in two. Enucleation of the tumours was impossible in four cases. These schwannomas originated in the brachial plexus in three cases and the ulnar nerve in the proximal arm in one case. Tumours with pre-operative symptoms and masses located at a proximal site in the limb were more likely to be impossible to enucleate completely.

Synergy of PEBP2/CBF with mi transcription factor (MITF) for transactivation of mouse mast cell protease 6 gene.

The mi locus encodes a member of the basic - helix - loop - helix - leucine zipper (bHLH-Zip) protein family of transcription factors (hereafter called MITF). Although the bHLH-Zip family transcription factors generally recognize and bind CANNTG motifs, the expression of mouse mast cell protease 6 (MMCP-6) gene is regulated by MITF through the GACCTG motif in the promoter region. The GACCTG motif was partly overlapped the TGTGGTC sequence, which was bound by polyomavirus enhancer binding protein 2 (PEBP2). In the present study, the effect of PEBP2 on the expression of MMCP-6 gene was examined. PEBP2 that is composed of alpha and beta subunits was expressed by mast cell lines and cultured mast cells derived from spleen. The overexpression of dominant negative PEBP2 cDNA reduced the expression of MMCP-6. Moreover, the simultaneous transfection of the plasmid containing MITF cDNA and the plasmid containing PEBP2 cDNA increased the MMCP-6 promoter activity. For the synergistic action of PEBP2 and MITF, the intact GACCTG and TGTGGTC motifs were prerequisite. The PEBP2alphaB1 mutant which lacked the region downstream from the Runt domain did not bind MITF and lost the synergistic function. These results indicated that PEBP2 and MITF synergistically transactivated the MMCP-6 gene and that the region downstream from the Runt domain of PEBP2alphaB1 was essential for the physical and functional interactions with MITF.

Transcriptional regulation of osteopontin gene in vivo by PEBP2alphaA/CBFA1 and ETS1 in the skeletal tissues.

Osteopontin (Opn) and polyoma enhancer-binding protein (PEBP) 2alphaA/core binding factor (CBFA) 1 have been suggested to play important roles in ossification. The overlapping localization of opn and PEBP2alphaA/CBFA1 mRNA, and the marked decrease of opn mRNA expression in PEBP2alphaA knockout mice, indicated that the transcription of opn gene was controlled by PEBP2alphaA. In the present study, we determined the direct regulation of PEBP2alphaA on the opn promoter activity. Opn promoter activity was markedly enhanced by PEBP2alphaA and ETS1 in a synergistic manner. The synergistic effect was diminished when either the PEBP2alphaA or ETS1 binding site was mutated, or the spatial arrangement of these sites was mutated by a 4-nt insertion. The distance between these sites was important for transactivation but not protein-DNA binding. The direct interaction between PEBP2alphaA and ETS1 was depended on protein-DNA binding. These results suggested that the specific spatial arrangement of both sites and direct interaction between PEBP2alphaA and ETS1, were essential for promoter function. Furthermore, endogenous opn mRNA was decreased with the introduction of dominant negative PEBP2alphaA to MC3T3/E1 cells expressing endogenous PEBP2alphaA, ETS1 and opn. These findings suggest that PEBP2alphaA and ETS1 cooperate in vivo to regulate expression of the opn gene in the skeletal tissue. Cell type-specific regulation of Opn gene expression will also be discussed.

Reversibility from delayed hyperacute rejection in ABO-incompatible renal transplantation: histopathological findings of renal allograft biopsy.

ABO-incompatible renal transplantation (ABOIRTx) tend to lead to blood type antibody-mediated rejection, the so-called delayed hyperacute rejection (DHAR), which results in short-term graft loss. To clarify the accurate incidence and prognostic value of DHAR among ABOIRTx, we reviewed biopsy specimens obtained from ABOKTx allografts with abrupt dysfunction during the early period after transplantation. Among 74 ABOIRTx patients, 34 patients displayed allograft dysfunction within 14 days following transplantation. The biopsy specimens were classified based on the Banff schema. The pathological diagnosis of ABO blood type antibody-mediated humoral rejection (ABO-AMHR) was made by the following 3 findings: Specimens with all of above-mentioned findings were categorized as severe ABO-AMHR; those with at least one findings, were categorized as mild ABO-AMHR. All patients were treated with steroid pulse therapy and/or modification of other immunosuppressants. Group 1 consisted of severe ABO-AMHR (n = 6); group 2 consisted of mild ABO-AMHR (n = 5); group 3 consisted of acute cellular rejection (n = 3); group 4 consisted of recovery phase of ATN (n = 11); group 5 consisted of calcineurin inhibitor toxicity (n = 2); and group 6 consisted of normal histology (n = 5). One of 6 patients (16%) in group 1 lost the graft because of DHAR irreversible by antirejection and anticoagulation therapy. However, there has been no clear definition of histpathological criteria for DHAR after ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation. The definition must prognosticate whether the rejection process is reversible.

Effect of physical activity as a caddie on ultrasound measurements of the Os calcis: a cross-sectional comparison.

This cross-sectional study investigated the effect of long-term activity as a caddie on ultrasonic properties of the os calcis. We measured 74 healthy women, age 20-59 years, who worked at a golf course as caddies. An age-matched control group of 433 healthy women, who were office workers or housewives, also were recruited for comparison. The ultrasound measurements were performed with an Achilles ultrasound densitometer. The quadriceps muscle strength and the hand grip strength were measured in a perimenopausal subgroup (45-59 years) of the caddies and a subgroup of controls matched for age, height, weight, and body mass index. Urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline were also measured in these perimenopausal subgroups. Caddies had significantly higher ultrasound values than controls in the 40-49 (stiffness index, 101.6 +/- 12.9% versus 87.9 +/- 11.9%; p < 0.0001) and 50-59 (stiffness index, 90.5 +/- 11.6% versus 77.2 +/- 11.6%; p < 0.0001) age-stratified groups. Quadriceps strength and grip strength were significantly higher in caddies than those in controls. In postmenopausal caddies, all ultrasound values were significantly higher than for controls. In caddies there were not significant decreases of any ultrasound values with postmenopausal age. Even for the subgroup within 3 years of menopause there were significant differences between caddies and controls (p < 0.01). There were no significant increases of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline after menopause in the caddies. We demonstrated that the caddies had higher ultrasound properties of the os calcis and lower bone resorption after menopause compared with controls.

Influence of surgical insults for colorectal cancers on neuroendocrine and immune parameters.

In surgery for colorectal cancer, a tendency of immune suppression was noted as seen in surgery for other types of gastro-intestinal cancer. This tendency was also found in the biological response, and it was related to the operative procedures and insults for rectal cancer. The degree of immunosuppression was milder in patients who underwent procedures that preserve the natural sphincter than in those who underwent colostomy. It is important for surgeons to avoid postoperative immunosuppression in order to prevent recurrence and improve prognosis. Given similar degrees of operative insult and stage of cancer, an operative procedure which causes as little immunosuppression as possible should be selected.

The efficacy of immunochemotherapy with strontium (Sr) in the 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced rat carcinogenetic model: ultrastructural characteristics of the mitochondria in the liver.

It is said that stable strontium (Sr), which exists naturally in living cells as a microelement, has cytoprotective effects on liver cells in mammals. We attempted to examine the cytoprotective and anticancer effects of Sr using the rat carcinogenetic model induced by DMH (1,2-dimethylhydrazine). In a comparison of animals given UFT, PSK and Sr or UFT and PSK, carcinogenes in the colon and also increases in immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) levels were suppressed. Electron microscopic observation in the Sr group revealed a tendency toward stabilization of the mitochondrial membrane and highly developed rough endoplasmic reticulum in both the right and left lobe. This tendency became more obvious as the duration of oral intake of Sr was prolonged. Our study suggest that the cytoprotective effect of Sr on mitochondria in the liver may suppress carcinogenesis.

Effect of high pressure gaseous carbon dioxide on the germination of bacterial spores.

Effect of high pressure gaseous carbon dioxide treatment (HGCT) at 6.5 MPa, 35 degrees C on the germination of bacterial spores was investigated. Germination of bacterial spores was estimated by the decrease of heat tolerance. Approximately, 40% of Bacillus coagulans and 70% of Bacillus licheniformis were germinated by HGCT for 120 min at 35 degrees C, respectively. Germination was confirmed by phase contrast microscopy. The effect of hydrostatic pressure treatment (HPT) at 6.5 MPa, 35 degrees C on the germination of B. coagulans and B. licheniformis spores were also investigated. Spores did not germinate by HPT alone at 6.5 MPa for 120 min.

Raised concentrations of aldehyde lipid peroxidation products in premature infants with chronic lung disease.

AIM: To indicate the extent of lipid peroxidation induced by oxidative stress, by measuring aldehyde end products in biological samples. METHODS: A highly specific gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method was used to measure plasma concentrations of aliphatic aldehydes within the first week of life in 13 premature infants who subsequently developed chronic lung disease (CLD) and 11 infants without CLD (non-CLD). The oxime-tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives of aldehydes were analysed using 2,2,6,6-d4-cyclohexanone as the internal standard. RESULTS: All of the aldehydes measured were raised in those infants with CLD compared with non-CLD infants. Plasma concentrations of heptanal, 2-nonenal, and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) were significantly increased in CLD infants on the day of birth, while the differences in all aldehydes between the two groups were not significant at 4-6 days of age. Logistic regression analysis showed that the increase in these three aldehydes within the first 24 hours of life independently showed significant associations with the development of CLD. In particular, an HNE concentration of > or = 200 nM on day 0 was the best predictor for the early detection of CLD (odds ratio = 32.0), followed by a 2-nonenal concentration of > or = 150 nM (odds ratio = 16.0). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that lipid peroxidation may have a role in the pathogenesis of neonatal CLD.

Blood transfusion increases radical promoting non-transferrin bound iron in preterm infants.

BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion has been recognised as a risk factor for the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) or chronic lung disease (CLD) in preterm infants, but the precise mechanism involved is not understood. AIM: To investigate the level of non-transferrin bound "free" iron, which has the potential to promote the generation of reactive oxygen species, and its redox status in the plasma of preterm infants immediately before and after blood transfusion. METHODS: Twenty one preterm infants with a median gestational age and birth weight of 27 weeks and 1021 g respectively were prospectively enrolled in the study. Sixteen of the 21 infants developed ROP and/or CLD. The infants were transfused with concentrated red blood cells at a median age of 32 days. The plasma concentration of total bleomycin detectable iron (BDI) was measured and also the ferrous iron (Fe(2+)) activity by bleomycin-iron complex dependent degradation of DNA. RESULTS: Even before blood transfusion, BDI was detectable in one third of the blood samples, and all but one sample had ferrous iron activity. After transfusion, both BDI and ferrous iron activity were significantly increased, in contrast with the situation in full term infants. Plasma ascorbic acid (AA) concentration was significantly decreased after blood transfusion, whereas the level of its oxidation product, dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), and the DHAA/AA ratio were significantly increased compared with before the transfusion. The activity of plasma ferroxidase, which converts iron from the ferrous to the ferric state, was appreciably decreased in preterm infants, as expected from their very low plasma caeruloplasmin concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma non-transferrin bound iron was significantly increased in preterm infants after blood transfusion and existed partly in the ferrous form, because of the low ferroxidase activity and the reduction of ferric iron (Fe(3+)) by ascorbic acid. This finding was specific to preterm infants and was not observed in full term infants after blood transfusion. Non-transferrin bound "free" iron may catalyse the generation of reactive oxygen species, which may be responsible for the clinical association of blood transfusion with ROP and CLD.

Solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography of Salmonella-infected beef.

Eight strains of Salmonellae were incubated in TSB culture medium at 37 degrees C for 24 h. Volatile compounds derived from the bacteria were collected using solid-phase microextraction fibers and then applied to gas chromatography (GC). Similarity analysis of the GC patterns thus obtained could separate these strains on principal component similarity (PCS) scattergrams. Five major food-related pathogenic bacteria and 10 other bacteria (including one Salmonella strain) were also classified by growing in the same medium. It is then proposed to utilize this approach to improve the GC/PCS method of Nakai et al. [Nakai, S.; Wang, Z. H.; Dou, J.; Nakamura, S.; Ogawa, M.; Nakai, E.; Vangerstoep, J. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999, 47, 576-583] that has been developed for screening safe foods by detecting bacteria contaminated foods. Inoculating food samples pre-enriched through preliminary incubation into a culture medium and then subjecting to the GC/PCS method after secondary incubation enhances the detectability of pathogenic bacteria.

[Recent trends in incidence of respiratory tract pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis isolated in 1994 and 1995].

The incidence of pathogenic bacteria in respiratory tract infections in 1994 and 1995 was investigated using quantitative cultures of sputa from patients with the infections in our department. Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis were isolated at high rates (70.5% in 1994 and 73.8% in 1995) from the specimens of out-patients, and the incident rates were similar to the past data. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of these three pathogens were examined with the agar dilution method. The incidence of penicillin (Pc) resistant S. pneumoniae against which MIC of Pc-G was higher than 0.125 microgram/ml was markedly increased from 24% in 1994 to 34.9% in 1995. Most of the Pc resistant isolates were also resistant to other antibiotics including erythromycin, minocycline and tosufloxacin. Serotype of strains against which MIC of Pc-G was higher than 1.0 microgram/ml was 19. The ratios of beta-lactamase-producing strains among H. influenzae isolated in 1994 and 1995 were 20 and 15.8%, respectively, which were slightly higher than those in the past. One quinolone resistant strain was isolated in this study. Although the ratio of beta-lactamase-producing strains among M. catarrhalis was as high (96.7%) as in the past, no increased resistance against the drugs examined was observed.

Characterization of silica-supported Ni catalysts effective for methane decomposition by Ni K-edge XAFS.

The structural change of Ni species during the methane decomposition into hydrogen and carbon over Ni/SiO2 catalyst was investigated by Ni K-edge XANES/EXAFS. Before the contact of methane with the Ni/SiO2 catalyst, Ni species were present as Ni metal mainly. The structure of the Ni metal did not change appreciably when the Ni/SiO2 was actively decomposing methane. In contrast, the formation of nickel carbide species was observed at the deactivation stage of the catalyst.

Inhibitory effect of the transcription factor encoded by the mutant mi microphthalmia allele on transactivation of mouse mast cell protease 7 gene.

The transcription factor encoded by the mi locus (MITF) is a transcription factor of the basic-helix-loop-helix zipper protein family. Mice of mi/mi genotype express a normal amount of abnormal MITF, whereas mice of tg/tg genotype do not express any MITFs due to the transgene insertional mutation. The effect of normal (+) and mutant (mi) MITFs on the expression of mouse mast cell protease (MMCP) 6 and 7 was examined. Both MMCP-6 and MMCP-7 are tryptases, and their coding regions with high homology are closely located on chromosome 17. Both MMCP-6 and MMCP-7 genes are expressed in normal cultured mast cells (+/+ CMCs). Although the transcription of MMCP-6 gene was severely suppressed in both mi/mi and tg/tg CMCs, that of MMCP-7 gene was severely suppressed only in mi/mi CMCs. The study identified the most significant segment for the transcription in the 5' flanking region of MMCP-7 gene. Unexpectedly, no CANNTG motifs were found that are recognized and bound by +-MITF in this segment. Instead, there was an AP-1 binding motif, and binding of c-Jun to the AP-1 motif significantly enhanced the transcription of MMCP-7 gene. The complex formation of c-Jun with either +-MITF or mi-MITF was demonstrated. The binding of +-MITF to c-Jun enhanced the transactivation of MMCP-7 gene, and that of mi-MITF suppressed the transactivation. Although the former complex was located only in the nucleus, the latter complex was predominantly found in the cytoplasm. The negative effect of mi-MITF on the transcription of MMCP-7 gene appeared to be executed through the interaction with c-Jun.

Plasma copper and antioxidant status in Wilson's disease.

It has been demonstrated that the level of serum copper unbound to ceruloplasmin (loosely bound copper) is increased in Wilson's disease, although the total serum copper concentration is usually low, reflecting a low ceruloplasmin level. To assess the contribution of free radical reactions catalyzed by nonceruloplasmin copper to the development of complications in this disease, we investigated copper and antioxidant status in four untreated patients who had hepatic dysfunction with or without hemolytic anemia and made a comparison with five patients controlled on penicillamine therapy and 19 age-matched healthy children. We found that loosely bound copper in plasma measured by the phenanthroline assay was detectable in three of four untreated patients with Wilson's disease, but was not detectable in the patients during therapy or in the healthy controls. Among the various antioxidants, the ascorbate and urate levels were markedly reduced before treatment (mean +/- SD, 23 +/- 16 microM for ascorbate and 90 +/- 59 microM for urate) compared with the values in the patients during treatment with penicillamine (67 +/- 19 and 302 +/- 78 microM, p < 0.05) and in control children (60 +/- 8 and 254 +/- 48 microM, p < 0.05). We also demonstrated that the plasma concentration of allantoin, an oxidation product of uric acid and a possible marker of radical generation in vivo, was markedly elevated in the untreated patients (11.0 +/- 1.8 versus 4.3 +/- 0.5 microM in patients on therapy and 6.5 +/- 0.8 microM in controls, p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)