RESUMEN
The 5.67-megabase genome of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 consists of a circular chromosome, a linear chromosome, and two plasmids. Extensive orthology and nucleotide colinearity between the genomes of A. tumefaciens and the plant symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti suggest a recent evolutionary divergence. Their similarities include metabolic, transport, and regulatory systems that promote survival in the highly competitive rhizosphere; differences are apparent in their genome structure and virulence gene complement. Availability of the A. tumefaciens sequence will facilitate investigations into the molecular basis of pathogenesis and the evolutionary divergence of pathogenic and symbiotic lifestyles.
Asunto(s)
Agrobacterium tumefaciens/genética , Genoma Bacteriano , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Agrobacterium tumefaciens/clasificación , Agrobacterium tumefaciens/patogenicidad , Agrobacterium tumefaciens/fisiología , Adhesión Bacteriana/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Cromosomas Bacterianos/genética , Conjugación Genética , Replicación del ADN , Genes Bacterianos , Genes Reguladores , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Plantas/microbiología , Plásmidos , Replicón , Rhizobiaceae/genética , Rhizobiaceae/fisiología , Sinorhizobium meliloti/genética , Sinorhizobium meliloti/fisiología , Simbiosis , Virulencia/genéticaRESUMEN
The genus Xanthomonas is a diverse and economically important group of bacterial phytopathogens, belonging to the gamma-subdivision of the Proteobacteria. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) causes citrus canker, which affects most commercial citrus cultivars, resulting in significant losses worldwide. Symptoms include canker lesions, leading to abscission of fruit and leaves and general tree decline. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) causes black rot, which affects crucifers such as Brassica and Arabidopsis. Symptoms include marginal leaf chlorosis and darkening of vascular tissue, accompanied by extensive wilting and necrosis. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is grown commercially to produce the exopolysaccharide xanthan gum, which is used as a viscosifying and stabilizing agent in many industries. Here we report and compare the complete genome sequences of Xac and Xcc. Their distinct disease phenotypes and host ranges belie a high degree of similarity at the genomic level. More than 80% of genes are shared, and gene order is conserved along most of their respective chromosomes. We identified several groups of strain-specific genes, and on the basis of these groups we propose mechanisms that may explain the differing host specificities and pathogenic processes.