[Building a private high-volume center for pancreatic resection]. / Creación de un centro privado de alto volumen en cirugía pancreática.

INTRODUCTION: There is considerable evidence on the direct relationship between higher volume and lower mortality in the pancreatoduodenectomy (DPC). However, there is little evidence of morbidity and mortality in the process of building a high-volume pancreatic surgery center. Objective. To evaluate the morbidity and mortality of the DPC in the process of building a high-volume center for pancreatic resection. METHODS: All consecutive patients undergoing DPC from July 2007 through July 2009 at a single center were included. High volume center was defined as that doing more than 19 DPC per year and high volume surgeon as that doing 16 or more DPC per year. The analysis of data was carried out in two periods according to the number of DPC per year: the first (1998 to 2005) as low volume center and the second (2006 to 2012) as high volume center. RESULTS: Three hundred and thirty five DPC were conducted consecutively. All surgeries were performed by a high volume surgeon. One hundred and seven patients were operated in the first period and 228 in the second period. There were no significant differences in morbidity and mortality between the both periods. In the second period there were significantly less operative time and minor length ofstay. CONCLUSIONS: High volume surgeons in pancreatic surgery can transfer their experience to the creation of a high volume pancreatic surgery center without sacrificing the morbidity and mortality.

Early oral feeding versus traditional postoperative care after abdominal emergency surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Early oral feeding (EOF) has been demonstrated to be safe and beneficial after abdominal elective surgery. The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to assess the safety and benefits of EOF compared to traditional postoperative care (TPC) after abdominal emergency surgery. METHODS: Patients assigned to the EOF group commenced a soft diet within 24 h after surgery. In the TPC group, a liquid diet was commenced upon passage of flatus or stool and then advanced to soft food. The primary endpoint was the complication rate. Secondary endpoints were severity of complications, mortality, gastrointestinal leaks, surgical-site infection, reoperation, diet intolerance, time to first flatus and stool, amount of food intake, postoperative discomfort, hospital stay, weight loss at the 15th postoperative day and incisional hernias. RESULTS: A total of 295 patients assigned to EOF (n = 148) or TPC (n = 147) were analyzed. No significant differences were seen in the complications rates (EOF 45.3 % vs. TPC 37.4 %; p = 0.1). There was a significantly higher rate of vomiting with EOF (EOF 13.5 % vs. TPC 6.1 %; p = 0.03), with no differences in nasogastric tube reinsertion. EOF patients' food intake was proportionally lower for the first three meals than that of TPC patients (p < 0.01). Postoperative discomfort survey revealed more hunger in the TPC group (p < 0.01). There were no differences in postoperative ileus or length of hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: EOF was safe after abdominal emergency surgery. EOF was associated with more vomiting (treated easily and without patient discomfort) and less hunger than with TPC. No other EOF-related benefits could be demonstrated during this trial.

Autoimmune cholangitis associated to IgG4 related sclerosing disease.

The IgG4-related sclerosing disease is characterized by the presence of plasmatic IgG4 positive cells and T-lymphocytes infiltration in different organs. We herein report a case of cholestasis due to autoimmune cholangitis associated to IgG4 disease. A 40-year-old woman with a history of pruritus, anosmia, Sjögren's syndrome and diabetes, was referred for a pancreatic tumor. Alkaline phosphatase was 24-fold upper limit of normal (ULN), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 21-fold ULN, aspartate aminotransferase 3-fold ULN, alanine aminotransferase 2-fold ULN, cholesterol 408 mg/dL, bilirubin normal, gamma-globulin 3.92 g/dL, IgG4 4.6 g/L, antinuclear antibody positive (1/320), and antimitochondrial antibodies negative. Ultrasound scan (US) showed a mass in the pancreatic head and thickening of the gallbladder and the bile duct walls. Dilation and strictures of the main pancreatic duct and intrahepatic bile ducts were detected by MR cholangiopancreatography. Liver biopsy showed chronic inflammatory lesions, ductal damage (autoimmune cholangitis) (METAVIRA2, F2) and IgG4 bearing plasmatic cells. A cervical lymph node showed IgG4 bearing plasmatic cells. After 2 weeks of treatment with meprednisone, ursodeoxycholic acid and insulin, pruritus and anosmia disappeared. After eleven months of treatment imaging studies showed disappearance of the pancreatic tumor, atrophy of the body and the pancreatic tail and normal biochemical parameters, except for alkaline phosphatase 2-fold ULN. The final diagnosis of our patient was autoimmune hepatitis with cholangitis associated to IgG4 systemic diseases.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as an alternative to gastric bypass in patients with multiple intraabdominal adhesions.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and its indications are currently being evaluated. The objective of this study was to show the preliminary results obtained with this technique indicated as an alternative to gastric bypass in patients with multiple intraabdominal adhesions, therefore preserving the benefits of the laparoscopic approach. METHODS: An analysis of all patients who underwent a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for the above indication was done. Data included demographics, number of previous surgeries, operative time, morbidity, mortality, and %EWL at 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Fifteen patients underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as an alternative to gastric bypass because of multiple intraabdominal adhesions. No patient required conversion to an open procedure; morbidity was 6% with no mortality. %EWL at 3 months was 41% and at 6 months was 44%. Mean follow-up was 6 months. CONCLUSION: In our initial experience, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy proved to be a safe and effective alternative to gastric bypass for patients with multiple intraabdominal adhesions.

[Pleural effusion is superior to multiple factor scoring system in predicting acute pancreatitis outcome]. / Superioridad del derrame pleural sobre los criterios múltiples en el pronóstico de la pancreatitis aguda biliar.

INTRODUCTION: there are many studies about prognostic scores in acute pancreatitis but the best one has yet to be determined. OBJECTIVE: to analyze the pleural effusion (diagnosed by ultrasound) as a prognostic factor and to compare it with three multiple criteria scores (RANSON, APACHE II, APACHE II O). PATIENTS AND METHODS: all patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis were included in the study during the period 2002-2006. Patients treated with ERCP at admission and those in whom ultrasonography was not done were excluded. The severity of the attack was set according to the Atlanta Classification criteria. The prognostic scores used were analyzed to predict separately systemic complications, local complications and total complications (local and systemic). The likelihood positive ratio was used as the most accurate index to compare the prognostic accuracy of the 4 prognostic scores. RESULTS: 178 patients were included. 35 patients were excluded (ERCP at admission=32, ultrasonography not done at admission=3). 29 patients of 143 patients developed severe acute pancreatitis. The pleural effusion evaluated by ultrasonography showed the great accuracy at predicting the development of systemic complications (likelihood positive ratio=6.3), local complications (likelihood positive ratio=11) and total complications (likelihood positive ratio=16.1). CONCLUSION: the pleural effusion evaluated by ultrasonography can predict with great levels of accuracy a severe acute attack. When it was compared with 3 multiple criteria scores (RANSON, APACHE II, APACHE II O) showed to be more accurate at predicting disease severity.

Treatment of acute pancreatic pseudocysts after severe acute pancreatitis.

Treatment of acute pancreatic pseudocysts (APP) after an episode of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) remains controversial. Both population heterogeneity and limited numbers of patients in most series prevent a proper analysis of therapeutic results. The study design is a case series of a large, tertiary referral hospital in the surgical treatment of patients with APP after SAP. An institutional treatment algorithm was used to triage patients with complicated APP and organ failure based on Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores to temporizing percutaneous or endoscopic drainage to control sepsis and improve their clinical condition before definitive surgical management. Over a 10-year period of study (December 1995 to 2005), 73 patients with APP after an episode of SAP were treated, 43 patients (59%) developed complications (infection 74.4%, perforation 21%, and bleeding 4.6%) and qualified for our treatment algorithm. Percutaneous/endoscopic drainage was successful in controlling sepsis in 11 of 13 patients (85%) with severe organ failure and allowed all patients to undergo definitive surgical management. The morbidity (7 vs 44.1%, P = 0.005) and mortality rates (0 vs 19%, P = 0.04) were significantly higher in complicated vs uncomplicated APP. Acute pancreatic pseudocysts after SAP are unpredictable and have a high incidence of complications. Once complications develop, there is a significantly higher morbidity and mortality rate. In complicated APP with severe organ failure, percutaneous/endoscopic drainage is useful in controlling sepsis and allowing definitive surgical management.

Changes in gastrosplenic circulation and splenic function after distal pancreatectomy with spleen preservation and splenic vessel excision.

INTRODUCTION: Distal pancreatectomy with spleen preservation and splenic vessel excision is a commonly used technique. However, it produces significant gastrosplenic circulation and splenic function changes. PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to determine the immediate consequences on gastrosplenic circulation, late consequences on splenic function, and development of varicose veins. METHODS: Thirty-five patients with pancreatic tumors and anatomical feasibility were included. Preoperative splenic circulation was evaluated by dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans. Early splenic perfusion was assessed by CT 7 days after surgery and late changes in gastrosplenic circulation 6 months after surgery. Varicose veins were evaluated by CT and endoscopy 6 months after surgery. Pitted cells and Howell-Jolly bodies were used as markers of splenic function. Postoperatory findings included changes in splenic perfusion 7 days and 6 months after surgery, development of varicose veins on CT scans and endoscopy, and detection of markers of splenic hypofunction on blood smears. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Seven days after surgery, 63% of patients had some degree of splenic hypoperfusion, and 6 months after surgery, 83% of patients had normal perfusion. CT scans showed varices in 26 patients, and endoscopy revealed varicose veins in 11. Two patients experienced bleeding; markers of splenic hypofunction were found in 59% of cases.

Morbilidad y mortalidad en 1028 duodenopancreatectomías cefálicas / Morbidity and mortality afer 1028 cephalic duodenopancreatectomies

Antecedentes: en las últmas décadas se han extendido las indicaciones de duodenopancreatectomía cefálica (DPC). Sin embargo, las series con más de 1000 DPC provienen de unos pocos centros de los Estados Unidos y Europa y ninguna de Latinoamérica. Objetivo: evaluar la morbilidad y mortalidad de 1028 DPC consecutivas realizadas por un mismo equipo quirúrgico. Material y métodos: se analizaron los datos de una base prospectiva de 1028 DPC consecutivas. Se determinaron los datos demográficos, la indicación de la cirugía, el intervalo de tempo entre el inicio de los síntomas y la primera consulta, la clasificación de la American Society of Anesthesiologistis (ASA), el tipo de técnica quirúrgica, el tempo operatorio, la colocación de drenaje biliar previo, el diagnóstico anatomopatológico, la morbilidad y la mortalidad. Se compararon la morbilidad y la mortalidad de la DPC en dos centros de salud. Resultados: las 1028 DPC se realizaron en un período comprendido entre julio de 1994 y diciembre de 2014. La edad promedio fue 59,6 años y 565 pacientes (55%) fueron de sexo masculino. Las indicaciones más frecuentes fueron tumor de páncreas (n=262) y tumor de papila (n=249). En 670 casos se diagnosticó patología maligna. El promedio de tempo entre el inicio de los síntomas y la primera consulta fue de 71 días (rango 10 a 123 días). En 461 pacientes (44%) se drenó la vía biliar antes de la cirugía. En 399 pacientes (35,3%) se registraron una o varias complicaciones. La fistula pancreática (21%) y el vaciamiento gástrico retardado (11%) fueron las complicaciones más frecuentes. Se registró una mortalidad del 3,1% (32 pacientes). Todas las DPC fueron realizadas en dos centros, uno público (n=642) y el otro privado (n=386). Los pacientes operados en el centro público tuvieron en forma signi-ficativa mayor morbilidad (46% vs. 27%, p> 0,001) y mortalidad (4% vs. 1,5%, p< 0,001). Conclusión: la DPC realizada por cirujanos de alto volumen en cirugía pancreática tene elevada morbilidad, pero baja mortalidad. A pesar de los buenos resultados globales, la morbimortalidad de la DPC en un centro público fue significativamente mayor que la del centro privado.

Background: in recent decades the indicatons for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) has been extended. However, series of patentis with more than 1000 PD come from a few center in the USA and Europe and none from Latin America. Objective: to evaluate the morbidity and mortality of 1028 consecutive PD performed by the same surgical team. Material and methods: we analyzed data from a prospective data base of 1028 consecutive PD. The demographic data, the indicaton of surgery, the tme interval between the onset of symptoms and the frst consultaton, the classificaton of the ASA, the type of surgical technique, operative tme, placement of biliary drainage, the anatomopathological diagnosis, the morbidity and the mortality was determined. We compared the morbidity and mortality of the PD at two diferent health centers Resultis: the 1028 PD were performed in a period between July 1994 and December 2014. The mean age was 59.6 years and 565 (55%) were male. The most frequent indicatons were pancreatic tumor (n = 262) and ampullary tumor (n = 249). Malignant tumors were found in 670 patentis. The average tme between onset of symptoms and the frst consultaton was 71 days (range 10-123 days). Preoperative biliary drainage were performed in 461 (44%) patentis. Morbility was 35.3% (399 patentis). Pancreatic fistula (21%) and delayed gastric emptying (11%) were the most frequent complicatons. All PD were performed at two centers, one public (n = 642) and the other private (n = 386). Patentis operated at the private center had significantly lower morbidity (27% vs 46%, p <0.001) and mortality (1.5% vs 4%, p <0.001) Conclusion: the DPC performed by high-volume surgeons in pancreatic surgery has high morbility, but low mortality. Despite the overall good performance, morbidity and mortality of the DPC in a public center was significantly higher than the private center.

Computed tomographic prognostic factors for predicting local complications in patients with pancreatic necrosis.

UNLABELLED: This prospective study aimed at evaluating dynamic computed tomography (CT) as a prognostic indicator of local complications in patients with pancreatic necrosis. METHODS: We analyze the relationship between the anatomic pattern of pancreatic necrosis at dynamic CT (pancreatic necrosis, peripancreatic necrosis, and transparenchymal necrosis) and the development of local complications (infected pancreatic necrosis and pseudocyst). RESULTS: One hundred thirty-eight patients were included in the study. Nine patients were excluded, and 86 required surgery. Average time from the onset of symptoms to dynamic CT was 8.3 days. Multivariate analysis identified the following prognostic factors for local complications: (1) extent of pancreatic necrosis (odds ratio [OR], 7.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-23.76; P = 0.015) and presence of peripancreatic necrosis (OR, 37.32; 95% CI, 3.77-369.38; P = 0.002) were useful to predict the development of infected pancreatic necrosis; and (2) transparenchymal necrosis with upstream viable (enhancing) pancreas (OR, 36.22; 95% CI, 3.18-412.36; P = 0.004) and no peripancreatic necrosis (OR, 0.016; 95% CI, 0.004-0.62; P < 0.001) were associated with pseudocyst development. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic CT prognostic factors useful to predict local complications in patients with pancreatic necrosis were the extent of pancreatic necrosis, presence of peripancreatic necrosis, and the finding of transparenchymal necrosis with upstream viable (enhancing) pancreas.

Minimally invasive management of acute biliary tract disease during pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Acute biliary diseases during pregnancy have been classically managed conservatively. Advances in minimally invasive surgery and the high recurrence rate of symptoms observed changed this management. METHODS: This is a prospective observational study. Initial management was medical. Unresponsive patients were treated with minimally invasive techniques including gallbladder percutaneous aspiration or cholecystostomy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy, depending on the pregnancy trimester and underlying diagnosis. RESULTS: 122 patients were admitted. 69 (56.5%) were unresponsive to medical treatment. Recurrent gallbladder colic was the most frequent indication for minimally invasive intervention, followed by acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, and acute biliary pancreatitis. 8 patients were treated during the first trimester, 54 during the second, and 7 during the last trimester. There was no fetal morbidity or mortality. Maternal morbidity was minor with no mortality. CONCLUSION: Acute biliary tract diseases during pregnancy may be safely treated with minimally invasive procedures according to the underlying diagnosis and to the trimester of pregnancy.

Early endoscopic intervention versus early conservative management in patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis and biliopancreatic obstruction: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that early endoscopic intervention, performed on patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis and biliopancreatic obstruction, reduces systemic and local inflammation. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The role of early endoscopic intervention, in the treatment of acute gallstone pancreatitis, remains controversial. Previous randomized trials have not focused on the subgroup of patients with clinical evidence of biliopancreatic obstruction. METHODS: This single-center randomized clinical trial was performed between May 2000 and September 2005. Of 238 patients, admitted within 48 hours after the onset of acute gallstone pancreatitis, 103 with a distal bile duct measuring > or =8 mm combined with a total serum bilirubin > or =1.20 mg/dL, were randomized to receive either endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography followed by endoscopic papillotomy for bile duct stones (EEI, n = 51) or early conservative management (ECM, n = 52). Patients with clinical evidence of coexisting acute cholangitis were excluded. Outcome measures included changes in organ failure score and computed tomography (CT) severity index during the first week after admission, incidence of local complications, and overall morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: The incidence of bile duct stones at EEI was 72% and 40% of patients in the ECM group had persisting bile duct stones at elective biliary surgery. No significant differences were found between the EEI and ECM groups regarding changes in mean organ failure score (P = 0.87), mean CT severity index (P = 0.88), incidence of local complications (6% vs. 6%, P = 0.99), overall morbidity (21% vs. 18%, P = 0.80), and mortality (6% vs. 2%, P = 1). CONCLUSIONS: The present study failed to provide evidence that early endoscopic intervention reduces systemic and local inflammation in patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis and biliopancreatic obstruction. If acute cholangitis can be safely excluded, early endoscopic intervention is not mandatory and should not be considered a standard indication.

Factores determinantes de evolución en pacientes operados por complicaciones locales de la pancreatitis aguda

Antecedentes: La necrosis pancreática infectada y el seudoquiste son complicaciones que en general requieren algún tipo de tratamiento quirúrgico (laparoscópico, percutáneo o convencional). Objetivo: Identificar los factores determinantes de mortalidad en pacientes sometidos a cirugía por complicaciones locales de la pancreatitis aguda. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en la National Library of Medicine mediante Pubmed limitada a los trabajos publicados en inglés, a partir de 1990 utilizando los siguientes términos solos o en combinación: "pancreatic necrosis", "necrosectomy", "mortality", "morbidity","local complications", "surgery"y "severe acute pancreatitis". En la base de datos LILACS se realizó también una búsqueda de los trabajos publicados en Argentina, en el período 2000 a 2011. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 119 trabajos y se excluyeron 82 por inadecuado análisis estadístico o insuficiente número de pacientes. Del análisis de los 37 trabajos seleccionados se identificaron 6 factores determinantes de mortalidad luego de la necrosectomía pancreática. Estos factores fueron: el intervalo de tiempo entre el ingreso y la necrosectomía, la composición líquida o sólida predominante, la presencia de infección, la extensión y localización de la necrosis pancreática, la presencia de disfunciones orgánicas y la organización de la necrosis. En la búsqueda de la base de datos LILACS se identificaron 7 trabajos publicados sobre cirugía de las complicaciones locales de la pancreatitis aguda. Conclusión: La bibliografía puede identificar seis factores determinantes de evolución en los pacientes sometidos a cirugías por complicaciones locales de la pancreatitis, lo cual tiene utilidad para el tratamiento.

Background: Infected pancreatic necrosis and pseudocyst are complications that, generally, require any type of surgical treatment (laparoscopic, percutaneous or open surgery). Objective: To identify mortality factors in patients who underwent surgery for local complications of acute pancreatitis. Method: It was conducted a literature search in the National Library of Medicine through Pubmed, limited to publications in English since 1990, using the following keywords: pancreatic necrosis, necrosectomy, mortality, morbidity local complications, surgery and severe acute pancreatitis. In the data base LILACS a similar search was conducted, limited to the Argentine literature, during the period 2000 - 2011. Results: 119 publications were selected and 82 were excluded because of inadequate statistical analysis or insufficient number of patients. After the analysis, 37 publications were selected and 6 mortality factors after pancreatic necrosectomy were identified. These factors were: time between admission and necrosectomy; predominance of liquid orsolid components; presence of infection; extensión and localization of pancreatic necrosis; presence of organ failure and walled off necrosis. In the search conducted in the LILACS data base, 7 publications about surgery of the local complications of acute pancreatitis were identified. Conclusión: After the literature search, six factors were identified related to the patient evolution after surgery for pancreatic local complications.

[Single-stage management of common duct stones by video-assisted laparoscopy. Analysis of 10 years' experience]. / Tratamiento de la coledocolitiasis en un tiempo por videolaparoscopia. Análisis de 10 años de experiencia.

INTRODUCTION: The management of patients with gallstone disease and ductal calculi is controversial. The main options are one-stage or two-stage management. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We performed a retrospective analysis of the experience gained over 10 years in the one-stage management of common duct stones in a high-volume tertiary hospital. RESULTS: A total of 569 patients were initially treated by laparoscopy. Of these, 412 (76.3%) underwent the transcystic approach, 128 (23.7%) underwent laparoscopic choledochotomy and 29 (5%) were converted to open surgery. Overall morbidity and mortality were 2.46% and 0.52%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In high-volume centers, one-stage laparoscopic management of common duct stones is safe and feasible, with a high proportion of patients that only require a transcystic approach.

Superioridad del derrame pleural sobre los criterios múltiples en el pronóstico de la pancreatitis aguda biliar / Pleural effusion is superior to multiple factor scoring system in predicting acute pancreatitis outcome

Introducción: existen numerosos trabajos sobre sistemas pronósticos en pancreatitis aguda. Sin embargo, todavía existe controversia sobre cuál es el mejor sistema pronóstico. Objetivo: analizar la exactitud pronóstica de la presencia de derrame pleural evaluada por ecografía al ingreso y compararla con tres sistemas de criterios múltiples (RANSON, APACHE II; APACHE II O). Pacientes y métodos: ingresaron al estudio todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de pancreatitis aguda biliar en el período 2002 a 2006. Se excluyeron pacientes en los que se realizaron CPRE temprana y aquellos en los cuales no se pudo realizar ecografía al ingreso. Se determinó la severidad del ataque de acuerdo a los criterios de Atlanta. Los sistemas pronósticos estudiados fueron evaluados para predecir en forma independiente complicaciones sistémicas, complicaciones locales y complicaciones totales (sistémicas más locales). Se utilizó la razón de verosimilitud como índice más adecuado para comparar la exactitud pronóstica de los 4 sistemas pronósticos evaluados. Resultados: ingresaron al estudio 178 pacientes, se excluyeron 35 (CPRE temprana=32, imposibilidad de ecografía al ingreso= 3). De los 143 pacientes estudiados, 29 pacientes (20, 2%) desarrollaron pancreatitis aguda grave. El derrame pleural evaluado por ecografía presentó valores superiores de exactitud pronóstica en la predicción de complicaciones sistémicas (razón de verosimilitud= 6,3), complicaciones locales (razón de verosimilitud= 11) y complicaciones totales (razón de verosimilitud= 16,1). Conclusión: la evaluación de la presencia de derrame pleural por ecografía predijo con aceptables cifras de razón de verosimilitud la presencia de un ataque grave. El derrame pleural por ecografía mostró cifras superiores de razón de verosimilitud cuando se lo comparó con 3 sistemas de criterios múltiples (RANSON, APACHE II y APACHE II O).

Introduction: there are many studies about prognostic scores in acute pancreatitis but the best one has yet to be determined. Objective: to analyze the pleural effusion (diagnosed by ultrasound) as a prognostic factor and to compare it with three multiple criteria scores (RANSON, APACHE II, APACHE II O). Patients and Methods: all patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis were included in the study during the period 2002- 2006. Patients treated with ERCP at admission and those in whom ultrasonography was not done were excluded. The severity of the attack was set according to the Atlanta Classification criteria. The prognostic scores used were analyzed to predict separately systemic complications, local complications and total complications (local and systemic). The likelihood positive ratio was used as the most accurate index to compare the prognostic accuracy of the 4 prognostic scores. Results: 178 patients were included. 35 patients were excluded (ERCP at admission=32, ultrasonography not done at admission=3). 29 patients of 143 patients developed severe acute pancreatitis. The pleural effusion evaluated by ultrasonography showed the great accuracy at predicting the development of systemic complications (likelihood positive ratio=6.3), local complications (likelihood positive ratio=11) and total complications (likelihood positive ratio=16.1). Conclusion: the pleural effusion evaluated by ultrasonography can predict with great levels of accuracy a severe acute attack. When it was compared with 3 multiple criteria scores (RANSON, APACHE II, APACHE II O) showed to be more accurate at predicting disease severity.

Pancreatitis aguda recurrente por neoplasia intraductal papilomucinosa tipo II: Racionalidad del tratamiento mediante resección del quiste guiada por ecografía / Acute pancreatitis appellant by intraductal neoplasis papilomucionsa type II: Rationality of the treatment by means of resection of the cyst guided by ecography

Antecedentes: La neoplasia intraductal papilomucinosa de páncreas (NIPM) tipo II, localizada en el páncreas ventral puede ser causa de pancreatitis aguda recurrentes. No existen publicaciones sobre los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de DPC en esta situación clínica y discutir la racionalidad de la resaección guiada por ecografía intraoperatoria de la lesión quística. Lugar: Hospital público de nivel terciario. Diseño: Estudio prospectivo. Población: Pacientes con NIPM tipo II del páncreas ventral diagnosticada por colangiopan-creatorresonancia y al menos 2 ataques de pancreatitis aguda durante el último año. Métodos: Fueron operados 7 pacientes, todos varones con 58 años de edad media y lesión quística del páncreas ventral ( tamaño medio: 1,6 cm). Cinco de ellos recibieron una DPC y 2 una resección de la lesión quística guiada por ecografía. Resultados: De los 5 pacientes que recibieron una DPC, 2 presentaron recurrencia, al año y a los 4 años respectivamente. En ambos casos existía una obstrucción de la anastomosis pancreatoyeyunal y ninguno presentaba recidiva de la NIPM. Los 3 pacientes restantes no presentaron recurrencia aunque uno murió al año por causa no relacionada. Los 2 pacientes tratados mediante resección local no presentaron recidiva durante los primeros 4 y 8 meses de la cirugía. Conclusiones: Los resultados de la DPC en la pancreatitis recurrente poe NIPM no son aceptables. La resección del quiste guiada por ecografía es una técnica factible que respeta la anatomía del conducto pancreático y podría prevenir definitivamente la pancreatitis, aunque se requiere más tiempo para evaluar sus resultados.

Tratamiento de la coledocolitiasis en un tiempo por videolaparoscopia. Análisis de 10 años de experiencia / Single-stage management of common duct stones by video-assisted laparoscopy. Analysis of 10 years’ experience

Introducción. El manejo de los pacientes con litiasis vesicular y coledociana plantea controversias. El tratamiento en uno o en dos tiempos son las principales opciones. Material y método. Análisis retrospectivo de la experiencia de 10 años en el tratamiento en un tiempo de la coledocolitiasis en un centro terciario de alto volumen. Resultados. Se trató inicialmente por laparoscopia a 569 pacientes; se resolvieron con un abordaje transcístico 412 (76,3%); mediante coledocotomía laparoscópica, 128 (23,7%) y se convertió a cirugía abierta a 29 (5%). La morbilidad y la mortalidad general fueron del 2,46 y el 0,52%, respectivamente. Conclusiones. En centros de alto volumen el tratamiento en un tiempo y por laparoscopia de la coledocolitiasis es factible y seguro, con una alta proporción de pacientes que sólo necesitan de un abordaje transcístico (AU)

Introduction. The management of patients with gallstone disease and ductal calculi is controversial. The main options are one-stage or two-stage management. Material and method. We performed a retrospective analysis of the experience gained over 10 years in the one-stage management of common duct stones in a high-volume tertiary hospital. Results. A total of 569 patients were initially treated by laparoscopy. Of these, 412 (76.3%) underwent the transcystic approach, 128 (23.7%) underwent laparoscopic choledochotomy and 29 (5%) were converted to open surgery. Overall morbidity and mortality were 2.46% and 0.52%, respectively. Conclusions. In high-volume centers, one-stage laparoscopic management of common duct stones is safe and feasible, with a high proportion of patients that only require a transcystic approach (AU)