Multi-institutional survey of antiemetic therapy in lung cancer patients treated with carboplatin in Hokushin region.

OBJECTIVE: Appropriate monitoring and management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) with prophylactic antiemetics is important for cancer patients. This study was performed to validate the clinical practice of antiemetic use with carboplatin-based chemotherapy in lung cancer patients in the Hokushin region (Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, and Nagano prefectures), Japan. METHODS: We surveyed retrospective data of newly diagnosed and registered lung cancer patients initially treated with carboplatin-based chemotherapy in 21 principal hospitals in the Hokushin region linked with health insurance claims data between 2016 and 2017. RESULTS: A total of 1082 lung cancer patients (861 [79.6%] men, 221 [20.4%] women; median age 69.4 years [range, 33-89 years]). All patients received antiemetic therapy, with 613 (56.7%) and 469 patients (43.3%) receiving 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist/dexamethasone double regimen and 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist/dexamethasone/neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist triple regimen, respectively. However, the rates of double regimen and use of palonosetron were higher in Toyama and Fukui prefectures. Thirty-nine patients (3.6%) changed from double to triple regimen, while 41 patients (3.8%) changed from triple to double regimen after the second cycle, but six of these returned to triple antiemetics in subsequent cycles. CONCLUSION: Adherence to antiemetic guidelines in clinical practice was high in Hokushin region. However, rates of double and triple antiemetic regimens differed between the four prefectures. Simultaneous analysis of nationwide registry and insurance data was valuable for evaluating and comparing the differences in the status of antiemesis and management.

Epidemiological and therapeutic profiles of lung cancer patients in the Hokushin Region Japan: a retrospective hospital administrative database study.

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to validate the epidemiology, initial treatment, and clinical practice of lung cancer patients in the Hokushin region, Japan. METHODS: We retrospectively surveyed data of 5503 newly diagnosed and registered lung cancer patients in 22 principal hospital-based cancer registries in Hokushin region linked with health insurance claims data for registered patients between 2016 and 2017. RESULTS: The patients consisted of 3677 (66.8%) men and 1826 (33.2%) women with a mean (range) age of 72.2 (27-103) years). Diagnoses were small cell lung cancer (n = 512, 9.4%), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 1083, 19.7%), and non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; n = 3906, 70.9%). The population with stage I disease in Toyama prefecture (41.1%) was smaller than in the other three prefectures associated with reduced selection of initial surgical therapy and increased frequencies of stage IV disease (33.2%) and best supportive care (18.6%). Initial chemotherapy for stage IV non-squamous NSCLC consisted of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in 39.3% of cases for EGFR and 4% of cases for ALK-positive non-squamous NSCLC, followed by platinum compounds (25.9%) non-platinum compounds (12.9%), and immune checkpoint inhibitors (10.2%). Carboplatin was the commonly prescribed first-line cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent (65.4% of patients under 75 years and in 96.7% of patients over 75 years). CONCLUSION: This study revealed real-world data on epidemiological and treatment status in lung cancer in four prefectures in Hokushin region, Japan. Simultaneous analysis of nationwide registry and insurance data could provide valuable insights for the development of lung cancer screening and medical treatment strategies. In addition, the comparative data analysis with other lesions or countries will be useful for evaluating the differences in clinical practice of cancer managements.

Epidemiology of neuroendocrine neoplasmas in Japan: based on analysis of hospital-based cancer registry data, 2009†-†2015.

PURPOSE: Neuroendocrine neoplasms are rare disease and could originate from throughout the body, however, there have been little epidemiological studies in Japan, especially the organ distribution. This study was to examine the epidemiological information of neuroendocrine neoplasms in the Japanese population using data from a hospital-based cancer registry. METHODS: Using data from the national database of hospital-based cancer registries, we examined the organ distribution, the stage and initial treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms newly diagnosed and treated in designated and non-designated cancer care hospitals between 2009 and 2015. In the present study, neuroendocrine neoplasms consisted of neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoma. RESULTS: A total of 33,215 (17,485 neuroendocrine carcinomas and 15,730 neuroendocrine tumors) cases were diagnosed. The majority in neuroendocrine carcinoma occur in lung (31.1%) followed in decreasing frequency by stomach (12.9%), pancreas (7.5%), rectum (6.7%) and esophagus (5.8%). On the other hand, the half of neuroendocrine tumor originated rectum (50.9%) and followed by pancreas (13.9%), duodenum (9.0%), lung/bronchus (8.9%), and stomach (8.7%). Neuroendocrine carcinoma presented at more advanced stage and higher age than neuroendocrine tumors.　Most cases of neuroendocrine tumors were treated surgically, while half of neuroendocrine carcinomas were treated with non-surgical therapy consisting of chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that neuroendocrine neoplasms could originate from various organs and the site distribution was different between neuroendocrine carcinoma and tumor. The national database of hospital-based cancer registries in Japan is a valuable source for evaluating the organ distribution of the rare systemic disease.

National incidence and initial therapy for thymic carcinoma in Japan: based on analysis of hospital-based cancer registry data, 2009-2015.

BACKGROUND: Although thymic carcinoma is a rare epithelial neoplasm that tends to be aggressive and metastasize widely, its incidence in Japan remains unclear. This study was to examine the incidence and initial treatment of thymic carcinoma in the Japanese population using data from a hospital-based cancer registry. METHODS: Using data from the national database of hospital-based cancer registries, we examined the incidence and initial treatment of thymic carcinoma diagnosed and treated in designated and non-designated cancer care hospitals between 2009 and 2015. Based on Japanese population estimates, we calculated the incidence rate of thymic cancer in Japan. RESULTS: A total of 2587 thymic carcinoma cases were diagnosed between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2015. These patients consisted of 1705 (66%) men and 882 (34%) women, with a median age of 65.5 years (range, 16-96 years). The number and proportion of thymic carcinoma to all registered cancer cases per year increased each year. The incidence rate was estimated to be 0.29/100000 during the observation period, with an annual onset incidence of 0.38/100000 in 2015. Almost half of all cases of thymic carcinoma were treated surgically, while the others were treated with non-surgical therapy consisting of chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: We estimated the incidence rate of thymic carcinoma in Japan based on the designated cancer care hospital-based cancer registry. The half of all patients with thymic carcinoma was unfit for multimodality therapy, including thoracic surgery.

Epidemiological and Therapeutic Analyses in Lung Cancer Patients Over 80 Years Old in the Hokushin Region: A Retrospective Hospital Administrative Database Study.

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to validate the epidemiology, initial treatment, and clinical practice in lung cancer patients < 80 and ≥ 80 years in Hokushin region, Japan. METHODS: We retrospectively surveyed data of 5481 newly diagnosed and registered lung cancer patients (4311 [78.7%] < 80 years; 1170 [21.3%] ≥ 80 years ) in 22 principal hospitals in Hokushin region linked with health insurance claims data between 2016 and 2017. Stage, initial treatment, and clinical practice were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The distributions of clinical stage I/II/III/IV/unknown were 2535/387/654/1371/111 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 37/32/114/237/3 in SCLC. Initial surgery for stage I NSCLC was performed in 90.0% and 60.2% of cases in the < 80 and ≥ 80 years groups, respectively. Rates of treatment with best supportive care (BSC) for stage IV disease were significantly higher in the ≥ 80 than the < 80 years group (NSCLC:58.9% vs. 18.7%; SCLC: 42.3% vs. 6.8%, respectively), regardless of the presence/absence of comorbidities. Propensity score matching showed that age ≥ 80 years itself was significantly related to choice of BSC in patients with lung cancer. The ratio of initial cytotoxic chemotherapy for NSCLC was low (49.9%) but that of biomarker-based therapy including tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors (50.0%) was significantly higher in the ≥ 80 than < 80 years group (70.2% vs. 29.8%, respectively). CONCLUSION: There are several differences in treatment pattern between patients < 80 and ≥ 80 years. Age ≥ 80 years may be related to BSC choice in patients with lung cancer.

Epidemiological analysis of lung and mediastinal neuroendocrine neoplasms in Japan based on the national database.

BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare and can originate from any body part. However, there are only few epidemiological studies, especially on lung and mediastinal NENs. This study investigated the epidemiological trends and differences between lung and mediastinal NENs in Japan. METHODS: Patients with lung and mediastinal NENs were identified in a national hospital-based cancer registry between 2009 and 2015 in Japan. NENs were subclassified into neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). NECs were further subdivided into large neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs) and small cell carcinomas (SCCs). We examined the patient characteristics: sex, age, histology, year of diagnosis, diagnostic opportunity, and initial treatment. RESULTS: We identified 48,433 patients with 47,888 lung (98.9%) and 545 mediastinal (1.1%) NENs. The commonest subtype of lung NENs was SCCs (87%), followed by LCNECs (10%) and NETs (3%). In the mediastinum, SCCs were also the commonest (48%), followed by NETs (38%) and LCNECs (14%). The number of lung NEN annually increased; however, that of mediastinal NENs did not change over time. The mean age of patients with lung NETs was lower than that of patients with lung LCNECs and SCCs (NETs, 62 ± 14 years; LCNECs, 70 ± 9 years; SCCs, 71 ± 9 years; p < .001). The lung and mediastinal NENs were mainly detected based on symptoms, except for lung NETs. Surgical intervention, including multimodal therapy, was performed for 89.3% of lung NETs (surgery alone: 83.6%), while only 15.6% of lung NECs were treated with surgery. For the mediastinum, 75.9% of NETs were treated with surgery, with 27.1% of cases treated with surgery plus multimodal therapy. Surgery was performed more frequently for mediastinal NECs (37%) than for lung NECs (15.6%). CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights differences in trends of lung and mediastinal NENs. This study's findings support the importance of epidemiological evaluations based on the primary sites and histological subtypes.